Honors Bio Chapter 6 Quizzes

A reaction is only considered an oxidation reaction when oxygen is involved. True False

False

ALL of the energy that a plant stores in the bonds of glucose are available to an animal to power its muscles. True False

False

Energy, but NOT chemicals, may cycle through living things. True False

False

Heat is NOT a form of energy. True False

False

The unique value of the ATP molecule is that when glucose is broken down during cellular respiration, ALL of the free energy of glucose is transformed into ATP. True False

False

The term "metabolism" refers to ALL of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. True False

True

Ultimately, humans get their energy from the sun. True False

True

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are involved in a redox cycle because a. carbon dioxide is reduced during photosynthesis and carbohydrates are oxidized during cellular respiration. b. photosynthesis uses energy and cellular respiration releases energy. c. energy cycles between the two organelles. d. both are required to be in all cells. e. both use carbon dioxide.

a

The gain of electrons by a molecule is called a. reduction b. entropy. c. oxidation. d. inhibition. e. competition.

a

We often say that we need food for energy. In a biological sense, is this correct? a. Yes, because the food we eat has potential energy in its structure and this chemical energy can be converted into mechanical energy. b. No, since all food matter stays matter, and energy remains energy. c. Yes, because the smallest units inside the atoms that make up the food are simply pure energy. d. Yes, because the food must move through the digestive system, and motion is kinetic energy. e. No, because food consists of matter and cannot be transformed into energy.

a

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the second law of thermodynamics and entropy? a. Carbon dioxide and water form glucose without the input of energy. b. The amount of disorder in the universe is always increasing. c. To maintain organization of a cell, a continual input of energy is required. d. While the total amount of energy in a system is unchanged, energy lost as heat is no longer useful to the cell in doing work. e. Living cells without energy would become less organized.

a

Which of the following is consistent with the laws of physics governing energy (thermodynamics)? a. Eventually, sunlight that is absorbed on the earth returns to the atmosphere as dispersed heat. b. A calorie of sunlight becomes a calorie of plant tissue. c. A calorie of plant tissue, which when eaten by you, becomes a calorie of muscle "power." d. When a liter of gasoline is burned in a car engine, 100% of its energy goes into moving the car along the road. e. You eat a "quarter-pounder" hamburger and add exactly a quarter-pound of additional weight to your body.

a

Enzymes are specific. This means that they a. have a preferred temperature. b. have a particular substrate. c. require ATP and cofactors in order to work properly. d. are only in certain cells. e. have a preferred pH.

b

Which of the following is an example of chemical work within a cell? a. moving glucose across the cell membrane b. anabolism c. catabolism d. the beating of cilia e. the contraction of muscle fibers

b

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another. c. One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form. d. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. e. Energy cannot be transformed.

b

During cellular respiration, what is reduced? a. carbon dioxide b. glucose c. oxygen d. ATP (energy) e. water

c

If A → B → C → D → E represents a metabolic pathway, then letter E would be a. an enzyme-substrate complex. b. a substrate. c. a product. d. energy. e. an enzyme.

c

In which of the following processes is carbon dioxide reduced to form carbohydrate? a. induced fit model b. cellular respiration c. photosynthesis d. noncompetitive inhibition e. competitive inhibition

c

The amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred is called a. kinetic energy. b. metabolic energy. c. free energy. d. entropy. e. potential energy.

c

The function of an enzyme is to a. change the direction of metabolic reactions. b. raise the energy of activation for a reaction. c. increase the rate of a metabolic reaction. d. act as a buffer in metabolic reactions. e. provide the energy for metabolic reactions.

c

The main reason that ATP is considered the energy currency in cells is because it a. contains an adenine base. b. is a small molecule. c. contains accessible energy in phosphate bonds. d. carries a positive charge. e. contains a sugar ring.

c

Which of the following is a by-product of photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide b. water c. oxygen d. glucose e. energy

c

Which of the following statements is true about enzymes? a. Their 3D shape can vary and still be active. b. They can associate with a wide variety of substrates. c. They catalyze only one specific type of reaction. d. Boiling temperatures do not affect their activity. e. They are unaffected by changes in pH.

c

ATP can be broken down into a. pyruvate. b. ADP c. ADP plus phosphate. d. ADP plus phosphate plus energy. e. lactate.

d

ATP contains a. an adenine base and two phosphate groups. b. an adenine base and three phosphate groups. c. an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and two phosphate groups. d. an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups. e. an adenine base and one phosphate group.

d

Most enzymes are a. carbohydrate molecules. b. lipid molecules. c. ATP molecules. d. protein molecules. e. DNA molecules.

d

Occasionally someone claims to have built a machine that can run forever, producing as much energy as it consumes. This has always been disproved because it violates (doesn't follow) a. the first law of thermodynamics. b. entropy. c. coupled reaction equations. d. the second law of thermodynamics. e. laws preventing any conversion between types of energy.

d

The location in which the enzyme and substrate complexes is called the a. enzyme-inhibitor complex. b. inhibitor site. c. receptor site. d. active site. e. enzyme-substrate complex.

d

The metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and cellular respiration a. involve oxidation reactions during respiration and reduction reactions during photosynthesis. b. involve the same substrates and therefore the same enzymes. c. are exactly the same. d. both involve oxidation and reduction reactions. e. involve oxidation reactions during photosynthesis and reduction reactions during respiration.

d

The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what? a. phosphorylation b. reduction c. an enzyme-substrate complex d. oxidation e. metabolism

d

The specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is currently best explained by a. the receptor model. b. the "lock and key" model. c. the allosteric model. d. the induced-fit model. e. the synthase complex model.

d

What is the equation for photosynthesis? a. energy + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 +6H2O b. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy c. C6H12O6 + 6CO2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + energy d. energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 e. energy + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 +6H2O

d

When a cell uses substantial energy to organize its cell contents to a greater degree than the organization that exists outside the living cell, a. energy has been destroyed. b. entropy has increased. c. energy has been created. d. entropy has decreased. e. entropy remains the same.

d

Where within the cell is ATP built up (produced)? a. nucleus b. endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi body d. mitochondria e. cytoplasm

d

Which energy association is correct? a. Energy in the chemical bonds of a molecule is kinetic energy. b. Light energy is a form of chemical energy. c. Potential energy must be used immediately or it is lost. d. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. e. Water stored behind a dam is an example of kinetic energy.

d

Which hypothesis, based on the two laws of thermodynamics as applied to cells, would determine if something is a living cell or not? a. If something loses heat, then it is alive. b. If something uses energy to move, then it is alive. c. If something is organized, then it is alive. d. If something uses energy to make itself more organized, then it is alive. e. If something moves, then it is alive.

d

Which is NOT a correct attribute of a metabolic pathway? (Level 2: Understand) a. If several metabolic pathways have a molecule in common, one pathway can lead to several others. b. The product of one reaction can become the reactant for the next. c. Reactants act as substrates for specific enzymes. d. A constant supply of new enzymes must be produced to keep the metabolic pathway active. e. Reactants are the input molecules.

d

Chemical reactions that require the input of energy are a. exergonic reactions. b. catabolic reactions. c. coupled reactions. d. kinetic reactions. e. endergonic reactions.

e

During an enzymatic reaction, what happens to the enzyme? a. It is used up. b. It becomes the substrate. c. It becomes the product. d. The enzyme and the substrate form a permanent complex. e. The enzyme and the substrate form a temporary complex.

e

Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes a. increase the energy of activation. b. decrease the productivity of the cell. c. always require coenzymes. d. are named for their substrate. e.have active sites complementary (similar) in shape to their substrates.

e

The change in free energy of a reaction, delta G, is calculated by a. adding the free energy content of the products to that of the reactants. b. the amount of free energy content of the products. c. the amount of free energy content of the reactants. d. subtracting the free energy content of the products from that of the reactants. e. subtracting the free energy content of the reactants from that of the products.

e

The high energy bond in ATP is found in or between a. the adenine base. b. the adenine and the phosphates. c. the ribose sugar. d. the adenine and the ribose. e. the phosphate groups.

e

The various uses of ATP include all of the following except a. transport work. b. chemical work. c. moving substances into a cell. d. mechanical work. e. being a structural component of the cell membrane.

e

Which is true about energy of activation? a. Energy of activation is measured as the energy that is released after a reaction occurs. b. Energy of activation is the difference between the energy of the reactant and the energy of the product. c. In any one metabolic pathway, all steps will have the same energy of activation. d. The energy of activation is always lower than the energy of the reactant. e. Adding the correct enzyme can lower the energy of activation.

e

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another. b. Energy cannot be transformed. c. One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form. d. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. e. Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

e

Because the inside of a cell is more organized than the outside, the inside of the cell has increased entropy. True False

false

Since enzymes are not used up during a reaction, they do not play any role in the reaction. True False

false

The addition of an enzyme will change the end result of a reaction. In other words, a particular reaction will result in a different product if an enzyme is used. True False

false

Glucose is broken down during cellular respiration so that the released energy can be stored and converted into ATP. True False

true

In a coupled reaction, some of the energy is NOT released to the environment because the energy from one reaction is used to drive the other reaction forward. True. False

true

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present. True False

true

When heat dissipates into the environment, it is no longer usable by the individual who produced it. True False

true