HONORS PSYCHOLOGY FINAL

The "Little Albert" study demonstrated that?

Fear can be conditioned in humans

Receiving your paycheck on Friday at 3:00 is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Fixed Interval

When you become aware of the fact that you are asleep and dreaming and/or can control the content of your dream, it is referred to as?

A lucid dream

Which specific brain wave patterns occur right before falling asleep when you are very relaxed?

Alpha

Brian was hit in the head with a baseball. Afterwards, he seemed to be fine and could remember everything about his past but was having trouble forming new memories. He could not convert new short term memories into long term memories. His doctor diagnosed Brian as having?

Anterograde Amnesia

Token economies are based on which theoretical perspective?

Behavioral

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Behaviorist

In Pavlov's famous experiment, what served as the conditioned stimulus?

Bell

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was?

Both an unconditioned and conditioned response

What does an electroencephalograph (EEG) measure?

Brain Wave Patterns

You are asked to listen to a word listen and then try and recall as many words as you can in any order. The word list is: Bed, night, toss, turn, dark, moon, stars, peaceful, rest, When asked to recall as many words as possible, you are certain that you heard the word "sleep". This unintentional mistake in memory recall is called?

Constructive Memory

Just before leaving college at the end of her senior year, Susan decides to visit the dormitory where she lives as a first year student. On walking down her old hallway, she suddenly remembers many events that took place in the dorm that she thought she had forgotten. Susana's enhanced memory is most readily explained by Gorden Bower as?

Context Dependent Memory

The deepest stages of sleep, Stage 3 and Stage 4, are associated with which specific brain wave pattern?

Delta

In Pavlov's famous experiment, what served as the unconditioned stimulus?

Dog Food

The pleasure center of the brain is associated with which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Phillip has been hired to deliver free samples of laundry detergent door-to-door. He is paid $5.00 for every 50 houses to which he delivers a sample. On what type of schedule of reinforcement is Phillip working?

Fixed Ratio

Carl has learned to fear the bell on his phone because every time the phone rings a prank caller starts shouting at him. He now finds himself fearful of other bells, like bicycle bells and doorbells. Carl is affected by stimulus?

Generalization

What area of the brain plays a major role for encoding declarative/semantic memories such as names, dates, and other facts?

Hippocampus

For operant conditioning to be most effective, when should the reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response?

Immediately after

Wolfgang Kohler considered Sultan the chimpanzee's sudden awareness of a solution to his problem of how to reach the bananas evidence of

Insight

The sleep disorder in which one cannot fall asleep or stay asleep is known as?

Insomnia

What is the REM Rebound Effect?

It occurs when a person has been sleep deprived; when one falls asleep and goes quickly into the REM stage and stays there longer at the beginning of the night's sleep in order to make up for lost REM

A pattern of fatigue, irritability, inattention and sleeping problems due to air travel across several time zones is known as?

Jet Lag

You are asked to free recall the following list of words: Deer, horse, rabbit, cat, hen, lamb, cow, mouse, dog, and sheep. According to the serial position effect, which word from the list is least likely to be remembered?

Lamb

According to Freud, the disguised deep hidden meaning of a dream is specifically called the?

Latent Content

A hormone produced by the pineal gland that when released causes a person to feel tired and when reduced, allows a person to become awake is called?

Melatonin

Making up a rhyme or jingle or song to help you remember information of facts is called?

Mnemonic Device

Five minutes are deducted from Frankie's recess hour every time he misbehaves in class. In the context of operant conditioning, his teacher is using _________ to discipline Frankie

Negative Punishment

Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the following processes?

Negative Reinforcement

Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment emphasized the powerful impact of what type of learning?

Observational Learning

Suzie screamed at her little brother, and her mother yelled, "We do not yell in this house!" Suzie continues to yell at her brother despite her mother reprimanding her. Suzie's behavior is best explained by?

Observational Learning

Kerr, a 2nd grader, received a happy face and a yummy piece of candy for scoring a 100% on her spelling test. This is an example of?

Positive Reinforcement

Mrs. Jones wrote out a grocery list but forgot to take it with her to the store. Rather than return for list, she decided to buy as many items as she could remember. When she got home, she discovered that the foods that she had bought were mainly those items that appeared at the beginning of the list. Her good memory for these items is an example of?

Primacy effect

In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some Japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese vocabulary was competing with the new Chinese words. This situation best illustrates?

Proactive Interference

How to ride a bike, tie a shoe, kick a soccer ball are all examples of?

Procedural Memories

Research has revealed that the cerebellum plays an important role in the formation of

Procedural Memory

In which stage does dreaming usually occur?

REM Stage

George was hurt in a motorcycle accident and suffered memory loss for information acquired prior to his head injury. His problem is called?

Retrograde Amnesia

Money most often modifies people's behavior because it is a powerful?

Secondary Reinforcer

Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short term memory?

Selective Attention

The following list of words were read aloud: sunshine, beach, ocean, sea, aardvark, lifeguard, waves, swim, tan, bikini. When asked to remember as many words as possible, you remember the word aardvark. This is due to?

Semantic Distinctiveness

Raul wants to teach his daughter Sonia to tie her shoes. First he praises her when she manipulates her shoelaces in any way. Then he praises her when she makes a simple knot. Once she does that consistently, he praises her only when she makes the knot and a loop. He continues the pattern until she can do all the steps required to tie her shoes. Raul' actions are an example of which of the following techniques?

Shaping

A sleep disorder in which there is a temporary stoppage of breathing during the deeper sleep cycle is called?

Sleep Apnea

Pavlov's dog has stopped salivating to the sound of a bell. The response has been extinguished. A few weeks later, Pavlov places the dog back into the lab setting and rings a bell (without presenting the UCS). If the dog should start to salivate even a small amount, this would be called?

Spontaneous Recovery

Theta brain wave patterns occur in which specific stage of sleep?

Stage 1

Sleep Spindles occur in which stage of sleep?

Stage 2

During REM sleep which of the following is most likely to occur in most people?

Suppressed muscle tone

Hypnosis has been used most successfully in?

The control of pain and discomfort

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of classical conditioning if the dog salivates when?

The tone only is presented

In a set of studies, Ivan Pavlov first touched a dog lightly on the side of its body and a few seconds later placed vinegar on the dog's tongue. The vinegar made the dog salivate. After several pairings of touch and vinegar, the dog began to salivate as soon as it was touched and before it was given the vinegar. In these studies which of the following was the conditioned stimulus?

Touch to the body

According to what schedule of reinforcement do slot machines in Las Vegas pay off?

Variable Ratio

A pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-25 hour cycle is called?

Circadian Rhythms

Which theory of forgetting states that forgetfulness is due to the passage of time and not using the information stored?

Decay Theory

In basic memory processes, the first basic process is known as?

Encoding

Your memory of what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disney and for your 10th birthday would be considered an example of a?

Episodic Memory

An individual's fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been?

Extinguished