Hoyt 5-5 - 5-7

Tariff of Abominations

1828 law that significantly raised tariffs on raw materials and manufactured goods

Andrew Jackson

7th President, he vetoed the renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States, opposed the nullification issue in South Carolina, and initiated the spoils system.

Monroe Doctrine

A foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Cotton Gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

. Which THREE groups were denied the right to vote in most state constitutions?

African Americans, woman, American Indians

Jacksonian Democracy

Andrew Jackson became the symbol of American democracy

What new practice did Jackson use to drum up support among the voters?

Campaigning

What did Jackson's supporters call themselves

Democrats

What did the court rule in Worcester v. Georgia (1832)? What did Jackson do?

Georgia's land seizure was unconstitutional, ignored it

What was the main reason for the Panic of 1837?

Jackson's decision to stop accepting paper money for the purchase of federal land

What happened following the 1840 election that crippled the Whigs' political agenda?

John Tyler became president, he surprised, and horrified the Whigs by rejecting their policies

1803 Marbury v. Madison 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland 1821 Cohens v. Virginia 1824 Gibbons v. Ogden

Judicial review, federal law is superior to state law, right to review state cases, Congress is right to regulate interstate commerce

Henry Clay

Made the American System

Who did Andrew Jackson rely on to win the 1828 election?

Martin Van Buren

Which regions attracted the most immigrants during this time?

Midwest - New York, New Orleans

How did William Henry Harrison die?

Pneumonia

Why did slavery spread in the South, rather than fade away?

Slavery spread in the South because of the cotton gin (which made it cheaper and faster to separate the cotton seeds from the white fiber, but required slaves to operate), the stunted commercial development in the South did not attract immigrants which therefore means it did not attract cheap labor, it was more profitable to but a plantain than build a factory, and slaves became a symbol of wealth.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

How did the nullification crisis reveal tensions between stat & federal authority?

South Carolina refusal to recognize it and threatens to leave the union

Indian Removal Act

South expected Jackson to remove the 60,000 American Indians living in the region • Five nations - Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Choctan Seminole • "Five civilized tribes" • Adopted white culture

Adam-Onís Treaty

Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. • Ended claims to the Pacific coast territory of Oregon, U.S./Britain share

How was the Election of 1824 determined?

The house of representatives

Which party wanted a strong federal government to manage the economy & favored the American System of protective tariffs, internal improvements, & a national bank?

The whigs

Trail of Tears

U.S. soldiers forced 16,000 Cherokees to walk their lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma • At least 4,000 died of disease, exposure, & hunger

caucus

a closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate

nativist

a person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants

Tariff of 1816

a protective tariff established by Congress to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the United States

labor union

an organization of workers

American System

federal program designed stimulate the economy with internal improvements create self-sufficient nation

Whigs

formed in 1832 in opposition to the Democrats

What did the Missouri Compromise reveal about the state of the Union?

growing division between the North and the South over the expansion of slavery.

nationalism

loyalty & devotion to one's nation

capital

money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise

Spoils System

the practice of the political party in power giving jobs & appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications

John Quincy Adams

was the chief architect of the Monroe Doctrine. Adams returned to Congress after his presidency, where he fought for the abolition of slavery and the improvement of the arts and sciences.

Martin Van Buren

worked behind the scenes to build support for Jackson

What benefits did Henry Clay see in renewing the charter of the Second Bank of the United States?

would provide federal control over the nation's money supply and banking practices

Missouri Compromise

• Called for the admission of Missouri as a slave state & Maine as a free state • Banned slavery in Louisiana

How did the nation respond to the goals of the Workingman's Party & other labor unions?

• Didn't gain public support

What factors contributed to the industrialization in the North in the early 1800s?

• greater access to capital • More cheap labor • Many swiftly flowing rivers to provide waterpower for the new factories