HOYT- FRENCH REVOLUTION
1st, 2nd, 3rd Estates
1 clergy, 2 nobilty and 3 people.
Name and explain 5 causes of the French Revolution
1: Conflict between the monarchy and nobility over the reform of the tax system led to bankruptcy 2: Enlightenment's impulse for reform. 3: Social problems between the aristocracy and the bourgeoise 4:Louis and Marie being ineffective 5: Economic hardship.
Name and describe Napoleons's 3 fatal errors that lead to his downfall
1: Continental Syestem- Blocking of Great Britain's trade routes. 2: Peninsula War against Great Britain at sea off the coast of SW Spain 3: The Invasion of Russia- Lost 400,000 men in the harsh Russian winter after Czar Alexander I burned Moscow to the ground using the Scorching Earth Policy.
Napoleonic Code
A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon.
Guillotine
A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
A new law passed by the National Assembly explaining the beliefs and aims of the revolution.
Estates-General
An assembly of all three social classes or estates of France.
Balance of Power
Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong.
Describe the rise and fall of Maximilian Robespierre
Elected to be leader of Jacobin Party, Elected to head the National Convention, Execution of King Louis XVI, Elected leader of the Committee of Public Safety, Exucutions of Opponents, Being caught up with being the most powerful man in France, The Reign of Terror, Robespierre's execution.
National Assembly
French congress established by the Third Estate.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French emperor, illustrious military career, exiled to Elba and St. Helena.
Bourgeoise
French middle class.
Jacobin
French radical group that believed violence was the answer to peace involving French citizens.
Louis XVI
King of France during the French Revolution.
Maximilian Robespierre
Leader of the Committee of Public Safety, Leader of the Reign of Terror.
"Madam Deficit"
Marie Antoinette's nickname due to her extravagant spending.
Continental System
Napoleon Bonaparte's plan to weaken the British economy.
Waterloo
Napoleon's final defeat in modern day Belgium.
Hundred Days
Napoleon's last bid for power after is 1st exile to Elba.
Battle of Trafalgar
Napoleon's win against Britain by means of sea of the coast of SW Spain.
Peninsular War
Napoleons war in Spain.
Sans-culottes
Parisian workers with ambitions of major change in the French Government.
Concordat
Peace agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and the Pope officially ending the French Revolution.
Legitimacy
Popular acceptance of rights to power.
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France (Louis XVI) unpopular.
Marat
Radical French journalist who helped start the Reign of Terror.
Congress of Vienna
Restored balance of power after Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled for the second time.
Bastille
State prison in Paris. Scene of the Bastille massacre.
Coup d'etat
Sudden overthrow of government.
Scorched Earth Policy
Tactic of burning or destroying crops and anything else of value to an invading army.
What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna
The reconstruction of powers in Europe took place after Napoleon Bonaparte's 2nd exile to St. Helena, a small island in the South- Pacific.
Reign of Terror
Violent times in France from 1793-1794 under the rule of Maximilian Robespierre.
Tennis Court Oath
Vow of members of 3rd Estate not to leave the building until a new constitution is written down.
Rights of Man
Written by Thomas Paine in defense of the French Revolution.