HR
spillover effect
when past performance appraisal ratings, whether good or bad, are allowed to unjustly influence correct ratings.
What are the five steps in the performance appraisal process?
1) Making sure that the organization's goals are aligned with required jobs and KSAs 2) Setting work standards to clarify performance expectations 3) Creating measures and metrics that document the level and scope of these standards 4) Assessing the employee's actual performance relative to these standards 5) Providing feedback to the employee with the aim of motivating that person to eliminate performance deficiencies or to continue to perform above standard
What are the three exceptions to the employment at will doctrine?
1) public policy 2) implied contract 3) implied covenant of good faith
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 law intended to do:
Curb societal beliefs that people are different based on their physical appearance
As the cost of indirect compensation grows, an organization should do all of the following to enhance its effect in the organization, except... -Increase communication about benefits packages so employees know how to use them -Have employees be more involved in the selection of the benefit packages -Decrease communication about benefits packages so fewer employees use them -Have employees more involved in the design of benefits packages
Decrease communication about benefits packages so fewer employees use them
Deontological Theories
Deontological theories of ethics evaluate the rightness or wrongness of an action based on how well that action conforms to some rule or principle, regardless of the consequences.
What is the purpose of the Analysis stage of the ADDIE model?
Determine if the training program will meet a real need in the organization.
The two major components in job-matching systems are:
Job profiles and candidate profiles
What are the three parameters when selecting a job candidate?
Organizational context Job context Job applicant
What is Pay Equity?
That people get paid what they feel they deserve in relation to others
Modular Plans
employees choose benefits from modules, each with a different mix of insurance, employee services and retirement options; these plans are the easiest for HR to manage
contrast effect
evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics
forced distribution method
method of performance measurement that assigns a certain percentage of employees to each category in a set of categories
paired comparison method
method of performance measurement that compares each employee with each other employee to establish rankings
Human resource planning (HRP) is based on the organization's human resource needs. In other words, HRP is based on the organization's human resource ________ and ________.
supply, demand
recency effect
tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information
When an employee has informed a governmental agency of the company's wrongdoing, the employer cannot (for this reason only) let the employee go. This exception to a rule is called the _________________.
public policy exception
Women, Asians, African Americans, Pacific Islanders, Native Americans/Alaskans, people with disabilities and ________________ are covered under affirmative action.
veterans
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
A federal law passed in 2010, which prohibits insurers from denying coverage to individuals with pre-existing conditions, sets minimum standards for health insurance policies, includes an individual mandate for individuals to have a health insurance policy, and expands Medicaid eligibility for many individuals and families.
Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)
A federal law requiring that employers provide equal pay for men and women who do similar work in the same workplace.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A federal law that makes it illegal to discriminate against a qualified person with a disability in the federal government. The Act also authorizes state grants for rehabilitation services to disabled persons.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)
A federal law that makes it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly. Under IRCA, employers may hire only persons who may legally work in the U.S., i.e., citizens and nationals of the U.S. and aliens authorized to work in the U.S. The employer must verify the identity and employment eligibility of anyone to be hired, which includes completing the Employment Eligibility Verification Form (I-9).
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. The ADA ensures equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment as well as in other public services.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA)
A federal law that prohibits the use of genetic information in employment decisions and restricts employers from requesting, requiring, or purchasing genetic information.
Uniformed Services Employment and Re-Employment Rights Act (USERRA)
A federal law that protects military servicemembers' and veterans' civilian employment rights. Among other things, under certain conditions, USERRA requires employers to put individuals back to work in their civilian jobs after military service.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
A federal law that protects workers age 40 and older from employment discrimination based on their age.
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA)
A federal law that restricts child labor and establishes minimum wage and overtime pay standards for employees. The intent of the law was to "put a floor under wages and a ceiling over hours of work and to abolish abuses of child labor."
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
A federal law that sets minimum standards for pension plans in the private sector.
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009
A federal statute that permits a complainant to file an employment discrimination claim against an employer within 180 days of the most recent paycheck violation and to recover back pay for up to two years preceding the filing of the claim if similar violations occurred during the two-year period.
Time Series Analysis
A forecasting method that uses historical sales data to discover patterns in the firm's sales over time and generally involves trend, cycle, seasonal, and random factor analyses
What role do line managers play in the recruitment process?
A line manager is responsible for managing employees and resources to achieve specific functional or organizational goals. Some of these include: Recruiting and hiring talent to fill team positions. Providing training and support to new hires.
Content Validity (face validity)
A method used to confirm that a selection test measures what it is intended to measure by comparing the test to the job description (knowledge, skills, and abilities required to complete a job).
Straight Ranking Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which a superior lists the subordinates in order, from best to worst, usually on the basis of overall performance.
Forced Distribution Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which a superior must assign only a certain proportion of subordinates to each of several categories with respect to each other. A common forced-distribution scale may be divided into five categories, with a fixed percentage of all subordinates in a group falling within each of these categories.
Paired Comparison Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which each employee is compared to every other incumbent, two at a time on a single standard, to determine which is "better."
simple linear regression
A projection of future demand is based on a past relationship between the organization's employment level and a variable related to employment, such as sales. A linear regression shows how these measures are connected.
Defined Benefit Plan
A retirement plan in which the employer commits (and pays) a specific monthly benefit (or amount) to the employee when the employee retires.
Defined Contribution Plan
A retirement plan in which the employer pays a specific amount, or contribution, to an employee's retirement during each pay period that the employee is with the firm. Both the traditional 401(k) and Roth 401(k) plans are examples of defined contribution plans.
What is a utilization review?
A review of the company's benefit costs
What Is a "Wage-dividend" Plan?
A special type of cash plan in which the company sets the percentage of profits paid to employees according to the amount of dividends paid to stockholders
Ultimate Criterion
A theoretical construct or abstract idea that can never actually be measured. It represents a complete set of ideal factors that constitute a successful person.
What Is An "Attraction" Plan?
A type of HR program in which the employer creates a workplace culture that attracts and retains workers.
What is an advantage to using the lecture/formal-course method of instruction as an off-site form of training?
Can convey large amounts of information to large groups of people.
There is a life cycle of organizations that starts at an incline, then goes into recline, then decline, and then death. When it is in the decline phase, what can an organization do to get back to the incline phase?
Create a new vision
What Are the Main Benefits of a Diverse Workforce?
Creativity and innovation.
EAPs (Employee Assistance Programs - along with everything else in HR - have evolved over time. What has the focus of EAPs shifted to?
Employee well-being
What Is the Forced Distribution Method?
Forced-ranking system that aligns people in preset "buckets" (such as the top 20 percent, the middle 70 percent, and the low-performing 10 percent; 10/80/10; or even just into thirds)
What Is Included in the Design Phase of the ADDIE Model?
Goals, objectives, and evaluation tasks that must be developed and sequenced; the design phase is like a blueprint before building a house
What covers short-term absences because of sickness?
Health insurance programs
The HR department and line managers play important roles in selecting and orienting new employees. Which of the following is the line manager's role in the selection process?
Helping identify staffing needs
How do performance appraisals help the company be legally compliant?
Helps establish the validity of employment decisions.
How does organizational development help organizations?
Helps them adapt to change
What is validity?
How accurately a measure assesses an attribute
What does strategic fit mean?
How well the company fits its internal capabilities with external opportunities
What is human resource planning?
Human resource planning is the process of making and executing plans to ensure that the right number of employees are available at the right time and place for the organization's needs.
What is usually the best way to implement a new program?
Implement it as a "pilot program" in a controlled environment to a select audience
An agreement created through the actions of the employer and employee is a(n) ________ contract.
Implied
What Three Factors Make a Performance Appraisal Instrument Valid or Invalid?
Incomplete or inaccurate information, poor communication (lack of clarity), and rating errors
What Are the Factors That Organizations Have Shifted Toward in Order to Attract Employees?
Increase employee self-control, increase bottom-up communications, emphasize intrinsic rewards, create more broadly defined job roles
One of HR's main objectives is to improve productivity. Which of the following best describes what HR managers should strive for when improving productivity?
Increasing output with higher quality
What type of compensation is becoming much more of a concern for employers?
Indirect compensation
Which of the Demand Data Gathering Methods Are Statistical Techniques?
Linear regression, multiple linear regression, productivity ratios, trend analysis, stochastic analysis
What Is Paired Comparisons?
Performance appraisal method that compares each employee to another, two at a time on a single standard, to determine which is better; then, a rank order can be obtained by counting the number of times each individual is selected as the better of a pair. The subordinate with the most favorable comparisons is thus ranked in the first place. The subordinate with the second-greatest number of favorable comparisons is ranked second
Which of the following is a form of direct compensation? Performance-based pay Employee services Employee benefits Trainings
Performance-based pay
What Are the 4 Steps or Phases in the HR Planning Process?
Phase 1: Developing Data. Phase 2: Establishing HR Objectives and Polices. Phase 3: HR Programming. Phase 4: HRP Control and Evaluation.
What Actions Are Involved in Reduction Planning, to Maintain Dignity and Morale?
Planning should involve outplacement counseling, buy-outs, job skill retraining, and job transfers.
Construct Validity
Requires demonstrating that a relationship exists between a selection procedure and a psychological trait or measure (construct). In other words, when using construct validity, HR professionals must identify important "constructs" from job behaviors and activities and infer the correlation between them.
List the Ways That Human Resource Planning Helps Organizations
To consider the organization's future staffing needs, and to help execute the organization's business strategy.
What Is the Purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act?
To prohibit discrimination of candidates or current employees based on the likelihood that potential employees (or their family members) will have future health issues, and to protect the rights of genetic information to remain confidential
What Is the Purpose of the Family and Medical Leave Act?
To provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave to an employee with a serious health condition, to take care of a family member with a serious health condition, or to add a child to the family; this Act requires an employer to return the employee to the same or a similar job position after leave ends.
HRP (human resource planning) is one of the first steps in creating an effective human resource management program. What is its purpose?
To understand the human capital needs of the organization
True or False: HR staff should be in close proximity to the line managers so they can keep up on their needs.
True
True or False: HRM is the responsibility of all managers in the organization.
True
True or False: The average age of the workforce is decreasing, and the younger employees are concerned with items such as flextime, opportunity for advancement, and using technology to complete their work.
True
What are the seven criteria for evaluating HRP?
1) Actual staffing levels vs. established staffing requirements 2) Productivity levels vs. established goals 3) Actual HRM flow rates vs. desired rates 4) Programs implemented vs. action plans 5) Program results vs. expected outcomes 6) Labor and program costs vs. budget 7) Ratios of program results to program costs
What are the three elements of a firm's affirmative action plan?
1) reasonable self-analysis; 2) reasonable rationale for taking affirmative action; and 3) reasonable affirmative action
HR Is Influenced By What Four Internal Environment Factors?
1. Culture; shaped by top management values 2. Technology; refers to the firm's equipment and knowledge 3. Organizational structure 4. Orgainizational size
What Are the Five Functional Areas of HR That a Generalist Should Know?
1. Training and development 2. Compensation and benefits 3. Employee and labor relations 4. Recruiting and selecting employees 5. Health safety and security
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor
Equal Pay Act
1963 law that required both men and women to receive equal pay for equal work
Civil Rights Act 1964
1964; banned discrimination in public accommodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal
Family and Medical Leave Act
1993; Requires employers with 50 or more workers to grant up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave a year to allow workers to take time off to help care for a new baby or an ill family member without fear of losing their jobs.
Givebacks
A reduction in employee wages or benefits conceded by a labor union in exchange for other benefits or in recognition of unfavorable economic conditions.
Consequentialist Theories
A consequentialist theory of ethics evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences of that action.
core plus option plans
A core-plus-option plan is a general core benefits program offered to all eligible employees, with an option to either increase or expand coverage. In some instances, employees may elect to receive cash amounts rather than benefits.
Building a solid compensation program requires______________?
A good job evaluation
Nominal Grouping Technique
A group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision-making.
What is an affirmative action plan?
A plan for government contractors to make efforts to hire women and minorities.
Delphi Technique
A method of group decision-making and forecasting that involves successively collating the judgments of experts.
Which of the following recruitment sourcing tools allows organizations to acquire a large pool of highly qualified individuals quickly?
Acquisitions and mergers
Affirmative action is defined as:
Action taken by an employer to overcome discriminatory effects of past or current practices.
Alternative ranking method
Ranking employees from best to worst on a particular trait, choosing highest, then lowest, until all are ranked.
When did benefits become much more popular?
After WWII
What Is a "Reduction" Plan?
An HR program in which a company needs to lay off employees
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
An amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, this Act makes it illegal to discriminate against a woman because of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 (OWBPA)
An amendment to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the OWBPA is intended to safeguard older worker's employee benefits from age discrimination.
Implied Covenant-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing Exception
An exception to the employment-at-will doctrine stating that each party in an employment relationship has made an implied promise to treat the other in good faith and fairness.
Multiple Linear Regression
An extension of simple linear regression analysis. In multiple linear regression, instead of relating employment to just one variable, multiple variables are used.
What is the first step of training and development?
Analysis
What law has had the biggest influence on eroding the employment at-will-doctrine?
Anti-discrimination laws
There are many sources from which to get information for appraisals. Which appraisal method is the most objective?
Appraisal by supervisors
Employment At-Will Doctrine
At-will means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason, except an illegal one, or for no reason without incurring legal liability.
Cash Plan
Back Provides for payment of profit shares at regular intervals.
What is indirect compensation?
Benefits that are given to all employees for being a part of the organization
What contract is an agreement between two parties in which each side agrees to fulfill his or her side of the bargain?
Bilaterial
BFOQ
Bona fide occupational qualifications are employment qualifications that employers are permitted to consider while making decisions about hiring and retaining employees. However, consideration of these qualities in any other contexts might be deemed discriminatory.
How Was the EEOC Created?
By the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Top management has a great influence on the HR manager and the department. How does top management influence the HR department the most?
By the roles they allow the department to play
Why is conventional rating the most widely-used form of performance evaluation?
Comparisons can be made across employees or departments.
Compensation has an extensive set of relationships with other HR activities. How are compensation and HR planning related?
Compensation is integrated into HR planning objectives
What Actions May Improve Performance?
Compensation; letting workers design their own jobs; goal setting
What is the three C's mindset of vulnerability?
Complacency Conservatism Conceit
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Comprehensive civil rights legislation, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, which prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Which of the following forms of performance evaluation is the most widely used?
Conventional rating
What is the goal of the selection process when trying to staff an organization's needs?
Create a match between candidate's ability and the needs of the job
Which policy has the power to back up the protections of Title VII?
EEOC - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Effective recruiting not only involves matching the job applicant's KSAs with the demands of the job, but also ensuring long-term retention. How can the organization best focus on long-term retention at the same time they are recruiting?
Develop policies regarding job offer acceptances
Empirical Validity
Empirical validity (also called statistical or predictive validity) describes how closely scores on a test correlate with behavior as measured in other contexts.
Employers face many costs. Which of the following is one of the fastest-growing?
Employee benefits
Narrative Essay Appraisal
Evaluation method in which the rater describes the employee's strengths and weaknesses and suggests methods for improving performance.
What is the type and number of competitors' openings considered when looking at supply and demand within HR?
External labor demand
What contract is an exchange of promises in which the terms by which the parties agree to be bound are declared either orally or in writing, or a combination of both, at the time it is made?
Expressed
Which of the following is not a role that line managers play in the selection and orientation process? Helping identify staffing needs Assisting with the job analysis Evaluating employee performance Gathering information about the potential employee
Gathering information about the potential employee
What is included in the new organizational model?
Greater self-control, more employee participation in workplace decisions, bottom-up as well as top-down communications, recognition of employee rights, an emphasis on intrinsic rewards, more broadly designed jobs that allow more worker discretion, and additional concerns to the quality of work life for employees.
Redundancy Planning
HR planning associated with the process of laying off employees who are no longer needed.
Although HR generalists and specialists should possess many of the same qualities, which of the following is correct about the level of expertise they should have?
HR specialists must have a more in-depth level of expertise
Actual Criterion
Includes the factors that are measurable that also constitute a successful person.
Why is it important to know what an organization's learning curve is when forecasting demand?
It helps the company get a more accurate idea of how many employees will be needed in the future.
What is an advantage to grouping jobs into classes?
It is an efficient way to administer salaries
KSAs
KSAs are a person's knowledge, skills, and abilities. Knowledge is a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. Skills are proficiencies developed through experience. Abilities, more enduring than skills, are qualities that a person has to perform a certain task.
Which of the Demand Data Gathering Methods Are Judgmental Techniques?
Managerial estimate, Delphi technique, nominal grouping technique
For many types of HR decisions, the fundamental question is often: Who should be chosen? This is where the need for rankings and comparisons comes in. Which ranking approach uses qualitative data rather than quantitative data?
Narrative essay
What Are the 3 Levels of Needs Assessment Associated with the ADDIE Model?
Organizational, Task, and Personal levels
Performance Formula
P (performance) = f (knowledge, skills, abilities, and situation) where performance (P) is a function (f) of KSAs and the situation.
What Is the Relationship Between Performance Appraisal Systems and Compensation and Training and Development?
Performance appraisal (part of performance management) drives salary increases as well placement decisions
What Is Alternative Ranking?
Performance appraisal method in which the first step is to put the best subordinate at the head of the list and the worst subordinate at the bottom, usually on the basis of overall performance; then the superior selects the best and worst from the remaining subordinates, repeating until all are ranked
What is a job evaluation?
Process of comparing jobs to determine their relative worth within the organization
The 403(b) plan is a tax-advantage retirement savings plan available to whom?
Public education employers
What three areas must an HR Generalist be familiar with?
Recruiting, Selection and Training & Development.
Title VII protects individuals against employment discrimination on the basis of:
Religion, sex, race, color, national origin.
What is replacement planning?
Replacement planning is a judgmental technique used by organization to make supply forecasts as well as succession planning.
Replacement Planning
Replacement planning uses charts that show the names of the current occupants of positions in the organization and the names of likely replacements.
Organizational size is an important factor in determining HR activities. With some exceptions, the larger the organization, the more developed its internal labor market is, and the less reliant it is on the external labor market. Based on this assumption, with some exceptions, what does the organization's size have to do with how the external market affects the organization?
Size does not matter, the external market affects both large and small organizations equally
Variable Compensation
Rewards that link employee pay to employee and organizational performance. Examples include forms of profit sharing, bonuses, stock options, merit pay, and piecework plans.
Why do some organizations prefer to use simulations instead of training in the actual job environment?
Simulations are less hectic and safer than the actual environment.
What are mandatory benefits for employees?
Social Security, Medicare, federal and state unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation.
Which of the following work designs can HR help implement that will serve to increase productivity and value?
Structured work, where employee tasks and responsibilities are highly detailed
What Are the Supply Forecasting Methods?
Succession Planning and Replacement Planning
Succession Planning
Succession planning tends to be long-term, developmental, and flexible. Although succession planning is widely practiced, many employers who use it tend to emphasize characteristics of managers and downplay characteristics of the positions to which the managers may eventually be promoted.
What is the HR department's role in most organizations?
The HR department assists line managers and aligns the HR function to the strategic objectives of the firm.
What Is "Transfer of Training"?
The ability to take what is learned in the classroom and apply it back on the job
Correlation Coefficient
The correlation coefficient reflects the stability of a test over time—the higher the coefficient of stability, the more reliable the measure.
Which of the following correctly describes a PPO (preferred provider organization) plan?
The employee must go to a doctor on the preferred provider list
What Is the Relationship Between Recruiting and Selection?
The more effective the recruiting, the greater the likelihood that selection will find suitable candidates for hire.
Who pays for defined benefit retirement plans?
The employer
Who usually pays the insurance premiums for workers compensation in most states?
The employer
Managerial Estimates
The most common method of estimating HR demand. Managerial estimates are typically made by top management (a top-down approach).
ADDIE Model
The generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and training developers. The five phases—Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—represent a dynamic, flexible guideline for building effective training and performance support tools.
How are jobs grouped together in job families?
The jobs can be different but need to be similar in value
What is test-retest reliability?
The measuring of a test at two points in time and comparison of the results
What is the formal structural system of measuring, evaluating, and influencing an employee's job-related attributes, behaviors, and outcomes?
The performance appraisal (or PA) is the formal structural system of measuring, evaluating, and influencing an employee's job-related attributes, behaviors, and outcomes.
What is a contract plan when it comes to the evaluation phase of a training or development program?
The plan written up near the end of the training by the participants that shows the parts of the training they feel were most beneficial and that they agree to apply after the training.
What is perhaps the most important financial relationship for individuals within the organization?
The relationship between compensation and performance appraisal
What Is the Main Benefit to Organizations of New Employee Orientation and Socialization?
These activities help reduce turnover among the new employees.
Civil Rights Acts of 1866, 1870, and 1871
These acts prohibit employers from discriminating against minorities.
Which of the following is a correct statement about an employee that is exempt from FLSA requirements?
They must be a salaried employee
Civil Rights Act of 1991
This Act allows for compensatory and punitive damages for violations of Title VII.
What is Title VII?
Title VII is a provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibits discrimination in virtually every employment circumstance on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, pregnancy, or national origin.
The EEOC acts as the enforcement agency for ____________ that protects people from discrimination based on sex, religion, race, national origin and color.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
What do organizations use utilization reviews for?
To assess the cost of benefits
What is the purpose of strategic business planning?
To determine the organization's goals, future products, growth rate, etc.
Why Is Transfer of Training Important?
Training serves no purpose if it is not used back on the job
True or False: An HR Specialist has deep knowledge in at least two areas of Human Resources but not in all functional areas.
True
True or False: Due to technological advances and demographic changes, the workplace has become more complex, increasing the importance of Human Resources.
True
True or False: HR professionals need to have business acumen, leadership skills and apply political savviness in the workplace to be successful.
True
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
U.S act that provides employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to care for family members or because of a serious health condition of the employee.
piecework plans
Under the piecework plan, employees are guaranteed a standard pay rate for each unit of output.
Strategy is about understanding how the organization is going to compete. When deciding on and implementing the organization's strategy, what is the necessary first step?
Understanding where the organization is.
Within the United States, what determines the supreme law of the land?
United States Constitution
Nation of Origin Employment Discrimination
When an employer commits nation of origin employment discrimination, it makes an unfair or harmful employment decision on the basis of where a person or their ancestors are from, or on the culture or people that a person associates with.
What is the definition of a central tendency bias error is when evaluating the performance of employees?
When managers rate the majority of incumbents in the middle of the pack
When Should Linear Regression Be Used Instead of Multiple Linear Regression?
When you have one variable with which you are forecasting labor demand (need), use linear regression; when there is more than one variable, use multiple regression.
In the changing world, what terms are now being used to describe the traditional work environment?
Worker alienation
similarity effect
a bias in which people are more likely to select or hire demographically similar others
When employers are urged to make up for historical discrimination, they are exercising _______________.
affirmative action
What conditions must not be present for group incentive systems to effectively motivate performance?
individual performance measures
What influences the performance appraisal process?
job analysis, selection and placement, compensation, and training and development.
What decisions can be made from performance appraisals?
-Salary increases or decreases -Demotions -Layoffs -Promotions/transfers -Terminations
What does HR organizational development do?
-assesses the need for change, -designs an intervention or process -helps management introduce the change -evaluates the effectiveness of the change
What are the four phases of human resource planning?
1) Gathering, analyzing, and forecasting data in order to develop an HR supply and demand forecast 2) Establishing HR objectives and policies and gaining approval and support for them from top management 3) Designing and implementing plans and action programs in such areas as recruitment, training, and promotion that will enable the organization to achieve its HR objectives 4) Controlling and evaluating HRM plans and programs to facilitate progress toward HR objectives
What are the Four Principal Determinants of Wages?
1) Job Evaluation 2) Determination of Job Classes 3) Establishment of Pay Structure 4) Individual Wage Determinations
What are the four principal determinants of wages?
1) Job evaluation 2) Determination of job classes 3) Establishment of pay structure 4) Individual wage determinations.
What are the three concerns an employer has regarding employee benefits?
1) Legislatively mandated benefits 2) Health-care cost containment 3) Family issues
What are seven common dynamics of change?
1) People will feel awkward and ill at ease 2) People will think of what they have to give up 3) People will feel alone, even if others are going through it also 4) People can only handle so much change at a time 5) People are at different levels of readiness for change 6) People will think they don't have enough resources 7) People will revert to old behavior once the pressure is off
What are the seven dynamics of change?
1) People will feel awkward and ill at ease 2) People will think of what they have to give up 3) People will feel alone, even if others are going through the same thing 4) People can only handle so much change at a time 5) People are at different levels of readiness for change 6) People will think they don't have enough resources 7) People will revert to old behaviors once the pressure is off
What are the eight steps when implementing HR processes within the organization?
1) Planning human resource needs within the organization 2) Staffing the organization's needs 3) Compensating and motivating employees 4) Appraising employee behavior and providing effective and constructive feedback 5) Enhancing the human potential within the firm 6) Improving the organization and using the human resource capital within the firm to help the organization reach its strategic goals 7) Maintaining effective work relationships 8) Globalizing the human resource management function within the firm
What are the six purposes of human resource planning?
1) Reduce costs by helping management anticipate shortages or surpluses of human resources and correct imbalances before they become unmanageable and expensive. 2) Provide a better basis for planning employee development that makes optimum use of workers' strengths. 3) Improve the overall business planning process. 4) Provide more opportunities for women and minority groups in the future growth and strategic plans of the organization. 5) Promote greater awareness of the importance of sound HRM throughout all levels of the organization. 6) Provide a tool for evaluating the effect of alternative HR actions and policies.
What are the five things an effective selection process does?
1. Contributes to the organization's bottom-line goals 2. Ensures that an organization's financial investment in employees pays off 3. Helps fulfill hiring goals and quotas specified in affirmative action programs 4. Minimizes litigation with people who claim to have been rejected on discriminatory bases 5. Helps hire and place job applicants in the best interests of the organization and the individual
What Three Actions Increase Transfer of Training?
1. Ensuring that conditions in the training program are identical to those in the job, 2. Teaching principles for applying the behaviors learned in the training program to the job situation, 3. Using the contract plan
What Uses of Performance Appraisal Are Considered Developmental Actions?
1. Feedback for performance improvement 2. Identification of training needs 3. Career planning
What Are the Four Implicit HR Objectives?
1. Improve productivity 2.Improve quality of work 3. Ensure legal compliance 4. Ensure ethical behavior
What Are the Six Major Trends That Represent the Major Events That Influence the Growth and Importance of HRM?
1. Increased competition 2. The costs and benefits associated with HR utilization 3. Productivity changes 4. The increasing pace and complexity of social, cultural, legal, demographic, and educational changes 5. The symptoms of dysfunction in the workplace 6. Societal trends of the 21st century
What Are the Eight Characteristics of a Strong HR Professional?
1. Knowledge of the business and industry (business acumen) 2. Greater understanding of economic phenomena 3. Analytical abilities 4. Leadership and influence 5. Propensity for action 6. Engagement 7. Political awareness 8. Customer focus
What Uses of Performance Appraisal Are Considered Administrative Actions?
1. Promotion 2. Wage and salary decisions 3. Validation of employee selection approaches 4. Evaluation of training effectivenes
What Are the Six Competencies of a Solid HR Professional?
1. Provide transformational leadership 2. Collaborate and resolve strategic challenges within the firm 3. Encourage real employee involvement 4. Empower and facilitate learning as well as change and decision-making 5. Design process and performance systems 6. Maintain a global business perspective
What Are the Three Basic Elements of An Affirmative Action Plan?
1. Reasonable self-analysis 2. Reasonable rationale for taking affirmative action 3. Reasonable affirmative action
Implied-contract Exception
An exception to the employment-at-will doctrine stating that a legally binding agreement is created between an employer and employee based on their actions, and not on a formal contract.
There are many variables that affect the selection process. How does job analysis help in selecting employees?
By clearly defining the qualities needed for the job