HRM - Ch. 16

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

" to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources."

can OSHA say who turned them in?

. OSHA can't cite employees for violations of their responsibilities.

A. Drug-free workplace programs include five components:

1) A drug-free workplace policy, 2) Supervisor Training, 3) Employee Education, 4) Employee Assistance, and 5) Drug Testing.

under OSHA, employers with ______________must maintain records of, and report occupational injuries and occupational illnesses, which are any abnormal conditions or disorders caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact with toxic substances or harmful agents.

11 or more employees

Milliken & Company—World class Safety Through Employee Engagement - founded in 1865 and is privately owned.It is the only company to consistently rank as a "most ethical company" for___ years running.

15

Job Hazard Analysis -

A systematic approach to identifying and eliminating workplace hazards before they occur.

Occupational Illness-

Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment.

Behavior-Based Safety- .

Identifying the worker behaviors that contribute to accidents and then training workers to avoid these behaviors.

1. Penalties -

OSHA can impose penalties. These generally range from $5000 up to $150,000 for willful or repeat serious violations but can be far higher. In general, OSHA calculates penalties based on the gravity of the violation and usually takes into consideration things like the size of the business, the firm's compliance history, and the employer's good faith.

Safety Awareness Program -

Program that enables trained supervisors to orient new workers arriving at a job site regarding common safety hazards and simple prevention methods.

Operational Safety Reviews -

Reviews conducted by agencies to ascertain whether units under their jurisdiction are complying with all the applicable safety laws, regulations, orders, and rules.

-what can sometimes lead to alcoholism and drug abuse, which are problematic for both the employee and employer. A variety of external workplace factors can lead to job stress.

Stress, Burnout, and Depression

Citation -

Summons informing employers and employees of the regulations and standards that have been violated in the workplace.

(T/ F) Employees are responsible for complying with all applicable OSHA standards, for following all employer safety and health rules and regulations, and for reporting hazardous conditions to the supervisor. Employees have a right to demand safety and health on the job without fear of punishment.

T

(T/F) Employers have the right to seek advice and off-site consultation from OSHA, request and receive proper identification of the OSHA compliance officer before inspection, and be advised by the compliance officer of the reason for an inspection

T

(T/F) Smokers increase the cost of health and fire insurance.

T

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) -

The agency created within the Department of Labor to set safety and health standards for almost all workers in the United States.

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970-

The law passed by Congress in 1970 "to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources."

Unsafe Conditions -

The mechanical and physical conditions that cause accidents.

Burnout -

The total depletion of physical and mental resources caused by excessive striving to reach an unrealistic work-related goal

many employers are turning to the _____ to support their safety and training programs.

Web

Human consequences of stress include

anxiety, depression, anger, and various physical consequences.

1. Operational Safety Reviews -

are conducted by agencies to ascertain whether units under their jurisdiction are complying with all the applicable safety laws, regulations, orders, and rules.

Asbestos Exposure at Work and Air Quality - there are four major sources of occupational respiratory diseases:

asbestos, silica, lead, and carbon dioxide.

Enterprise Risk Management - is "the process of

assessing exposures to loss within an operation and determining how best to eliminate, manage, or otherwise reduce the risk of an adverse event from having a negative impact on the business."

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts by Creating a Supportive Environment - "Organizations can develop a supportive environment

by training supervisors to be better leaders, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and social support, and establishing the value of safety."

there are three basic causes of workplace accidents:

chance occurrences, unsafe conditions, and employees' unsafe acts. A. Reducing Unsafe Conditions - reducing unsafe conditions is always an employer's first line of defense. Safety engineers should design jobs to remove hazards, and supervisors and managers should help identify and remove potential hazards.

16-3: There are three basic causes of workplace accidents: ___________.

chance occurrences, unsafe conditions, and employees' unsafe acts

The three-step stress-reduction technique involves

developing awareness, adjusting attitudes, and taking action. The HR department can take a positive role in reducing stress.

16-5: The centerpiece of Milliken's safety process is its involvement-based ________________ engagement program.

employee

1. Reducing Job Stress -

employees can reduce stress by getting more sleep, eating better, and negotiating with managers for realistic deadlines on important projects.

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts by Fostering a Culture of Safety -

employers and supervisors should create a safety-conscious culture by showing that they take safety seriously.

A. Company Security and Employee Privacy -

employers must consider employee privacy when using monitoring to investigate possible employee security breaches. Security programs often entail monitoring employee communications and workplace activities.

A. What The Employer Must Report -

employers must report all occupational illnesses and injuries, specifically those that result in medical treatment (other than first aid), loss of consciousness, restriction of work, (one or more lost workdays), restrictions of motion, or transfer to another job.

employers are responsible for providing a

hazard-free workplace, being familiar with mandatory OSHA standards, and examining workplace conditions to make sure they conform to applicable standards.

Human Resources can take several steps to reduce workplace violence risk which include the following:

heighten security measures, improve employee screening, use workplace violence training, use guidelines for firing a high-risk employee, and awareness of violence toward women at work.

16-4: In practice, _________________ boils down to reducing unsafe conditions and reducing unsafe acts.

how to prevent accidents

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts -

human misbehavior will short-circuit even the best safety efforts. Sometimes misbehavior is intentional. Unfortunately, just telling employees to "pay attention" isn't enough, employers should identify and try to eliminate potential risks, reduce potential distractions, and carefully screen and train employees.

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts through Training - training is especially appropriate for new employees. You should instruct employees

in safe practices and procedures, warn them of potential hazards, and work on developing a safety-conscious attitude. OSHA's standards require more than training

A. Securing the Facility -

in simplest terms, instituting a basic security program requires four steps: analyzing the current level of risk, and then installing mechanical, natural, and organizational security systems.

1. Burnout -

is the total depletion of physical and mental resources caused by excessive striving to reach an unrealistic work-related goal. Some suggestions for alleviating burnout include breaking your patterns; getting away from it all periodically; reassessing your goals in terms of their intrinsic worth; and thinking about your work.

1. The Inspection -

it begins when the OSHA officer arrives at the workplace. He or she displays credentials and asks to meet an employer's representative. (The credentials must include photograph and serial number). The OSHA inspector looks for all types of violations, but some areas grab more attention. The five most frequent OSHA inspection violations are: scaffolding, fall protection, hazard communication, lockout/tagout (electrical disengagement), and respiratory problems.

A. he Supervisor's Role in Accident Prevention -

local supervisors are responsible for day-to-day inspections. Daily inspections should be part of a supervisor's routine.

Conducting Safety and Health Audits and Inspections -

managers should inspect all premises for possible safety and health problems, using checklists as aids. All accidents and near misses should be investigated. A system should be in place for employees to notify management about hazardous conditions.

16-2: All managers need to be familiar with _____________

occupational safety laws.

16-7: Most employers today have _____________________________

occupational security and risk management programs.

Reducing personal conflicts on the job and encouraging

open communication between management and employees can help. Some employers use "resilience training" to help employees deal with stress.

1. Employee Depression -

organizations must ensure that depressed employees use available support services. Employers need to train supervisors to identify depression's warning signs and to counsel those who may need such services to use the firm's employee assistance program. Depression is a disease.

1. Job Hazard Analysis -

performing a job hazard analysis involves looking at the situation and asking the following questions: What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How could it happen? What are other contributing factors? The job hazard analysis should provide the basis for creating countermeasures.

1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -

protective gear should fit properly, be easy to care for, maintain, and repair; be flexible and lightweight; provide comfort and reduce heat stress; have rugged construction, be relatively easy to put on and take off; and be easy to clean, dispose of, and recycle.

C. Management's Role in Safety -

reducing accidents often boils down to reducing accident-causing conditions and accident-causing acts. Most safety experts would agree that safety should start at the top.

A. Reducing Unsafe Conditions -

reducing unsafe conditions is always an employer's first line of defense. Safety engineers should design jobs to remove hazards, and supervisors and managers should help identify and remove potential hazards.

A. Why Safety Is Important -

safety and accident prevention concern managers for several reasons, one of which is the staggering number of workplace accidents.

-1: The subject _____________ concerns managers for several reasons, one of which is the number of workplace accidents.

safety and the manager

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts through Posters, Incentives, and Positive Reinforcement -

safety posters are one, incentive programs are another, in which the emphasis is on non-traditional incentive like recognition, which should be a part of the comprehensive safety program.

Reducing Unsafe Acts by Setting Specific Loss Control Goals -

set specific safety goals to achieve. For example, set safety goals in terms of frequency of loss-time injuries per number of full-time employees.

A. Solving Computer-Related Ergonomic Problems -

short-term eye problems (like burning, itching, tearing, eyestrain, and eye soreness), backaches, and neck-aches are common complaints among video display operators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has several recommendations for reducing these problems.

A. Repetitive Motion Disorders -

such disorders include carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis. Employees can reduce the issue if the pace of work is altered.

1. What The Employer Can Do -

supportive supervisors and fair treatment are important.

A workplace with a safety-oriented culture exhibits the following:

teamwork, communication and collaboration, shared vision, assignment, continuous effort, and encouragement.

A. Workplace Smoking -.

the nature of the problem is serious for employees and employers. Smokers have significantly greater risk of occupational accidents and higher absenteeism rates than nonsmokers

A. Reducing Unsafe Acts through Screening - the basic aim is to identify

the trait that might predict accidents on the job in question, and then screen candidates for this trait. Studies suggest that the Employee Reliability Inventory (ERI)—which measures reliability dimensions such as emotional maturity, conscientiousness, safe job performance, job simulation test, and physical capabilities—is also used.

Reducing Unsafe Acts through Employee Participation -

there are at least two reasons to get the employees involved in designing the safety program. First, those actually doing the jobs are often management's best source of ideas about what the potential problems are and how to solve them. Second, it is generally easier to get employees to accept and enthusiastically follow the safety program when they've had a hand in designing it.

Reducing Unsafe Acts through Behavior-Based and Safety Awareness Programs -

this involves identifying the worker behaviors that contribute to accidents and then training workers to avoid these behaviors.

about _________ of people with an alcohol disorder work full-time.

two-thirds

the company's written safety policy should emphasize that accident prevention is of the _________ at your firm, and that the firm will do everything practical to__________ accidents and injuries.

utmost importance, illuminate or reduce

A. Preventing and Dealing with Violence at Work -

violence against employees is one such internal preventable enterprise risk, and a huge problem.

1. Safety Climate -

work schedules and fatigue can affect accident rate. The workplace "climate" or psychology is very important. A strong pressure to complete the work as quickly as possible, employees who are under stress, and poor safety climate were some of the psychological conditions leading to accidents.

16-6: Most ___________________aren't obvious, like unguarded equipment.

workplace health hazards

Occupational Security and Risk Management -

workplace security relates to protecting employees from internal and external surety risks.