HS 2712 Practice quizzes
True or False: According to the reading by David Mechanic, the perspectives of public health and sociology are markedly the same.
False
True or False: According to the summary of sociological studies of Lay Health Beliefs, (Crison:2007), the presence of disease always leads to the experience of illness.
False
True or False: Efficiency can be easily measured by the following formula: Equity + Health Care Output / Population.
False
True or False: Efficiency refers to a fair distribution of an output amongst the population.
False
True or False: Efficient Health Information Systems rely mostly, or wholly, on Qualitative Data.
False
True or False: Evaluation is an ongoing analysis of whether planned results are being achieved, so that timely corrective action can be taken.
False
True or False: Health Insurance works on the principle of 'risk pooling.' Meaning that the insurers form an association between other private entities and actively choose to take on only healthy clients.
False
True or False: Labelling theory focuses more on the deviant act than on the societal reaction to that "deviant act."
False
True or False: Leading sociologists concur that social life is a random series of events.
False
True or False: Objectives should be intelligent.
False
True or False: One of the fundamental principles of health economics is that resources are unlimited.
False
True or False: One of the main functions of Surveillance includes research and epidemiological review.
False
True or False: Strategic Planning begins with the current status and lays down a path to meet estimated future needs.
False
True or False: Surveillance is the ongoing measurement of performance of a health service or a health professional, or of the extent to which patients comply with or adhere to advice from health professionals.
False
True or False: The 'T' in the PESTELI trends analysis stands for: Timely.
False
True or False: The AIM RP Epidemiology Framework works specifically with infectious diseases only.
False
True or False: The Adult Life-course Paradigm of Epidemiology is when a "stimulus or an insult at a critical or sensitive period of development in foetal or early life has permanent effects of structure, physiology and metabolism. These lasting or lifelong effects predispose individuals to a range of chronic diseases.
False
True or False: The BRFSS is administered in high-schools across America to students 13-15 years old.
False
True or False: The Programming Paradigm of Epidemiology provides a model to conceptualize how various biological and social factors, experienced at different life-course stages, can independently, cumulatively, and interactively influence health and disease in adult life.
False
True or False: The Social Structuralism Approach to health would most likely use micro-level, individual case studies as a way to understand the experience of health.
False
True or False: The classic 5-step approach to strategic planning includes looking at where we are now; where we want to go; how we are going to get there; how will we know when we've gotten there; and who will go there with us.
False
True or False: The main function of a public health surveillance system is to monitor infectious diseases.
False
True or False: There is a precise formula of combined data sources and data collection methods that is universal in ALL Health Information Systems.
False
True or False: Today, there is a 36-year gap in life expectancy between countries. A child born in Malawi can expect to live for only 47 years while a child born in Japan could live for as long as 83 years. The reason for this is biological/genetic.
False
True or False: A major limitation of the concept of ethnicity in practice is that research specific definitions are often not clearly stated, with researchers sometimes failing to differentiate ethnicity from, for example, race.
True
True or False: A single unified sociological perspective concerning the nature of social reality does not exist.
True
True or False: According to Cloete et al., (2008), HIV positive MSM in Cape Town, South Africa, suffer from double or multiple stigma and discrimination compared to their non-MSM counterparts.
True
True or False: According to Jewson (1976) and his work on the evolution and development of medical knowledge, the fist 'cosmology' was 'patient-oriented,' and viewed the patient as a holistic being: a sum of their personal attributes. However, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, there was a shift to hospital based systems- along with a shift in the seat of power of medical knowledge to the physician. Under this 'cosmology,' patients were seen more as objects. Finally, in the last 'cosmology' termed 'laboratory medicine,' the 'patient as the object' transforms into the disease as a physio-chemical process.
True
True or False: According to Steinbach, 'the healthy migrant effect' is experienced when migrants are younger and healthier compared to both their population of origin, as well as people from the host country from similar ethnicity. However, this advantage diminished as the migrant assimilates into the host society.
True
True or False: According to the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective, patient dissatisfaction with their doctor can occur if a doctor adheres too rigidly to the bio-medical signs and symptoms of a disease, without considering the social experience of illness, and the patients health beliefs.
True
True or False: According to your readings, health care providers themselves may be reluctant to access the same testing, care and treatment they provide to their patients due to fear of stigma in the workplace and in the communities they serve.
True
True or False: Comparing diseases in subgroups of the human population proved to be a powerful tool for showing associations between environmental conditions or agents and specific diseases in the 19th century.
True
True or False: During the French Revolution in the 18th Century, it was first claimed that the health of the people was the responsibility of the state.
True
True or False: Epidemiology can be applied to both communicable and non-communicable diseases.
True
True or False: Health Quality of Life measures can be combined with measures of time in a particular health state to form Quality Adjusted life Years (QALYs).
True
True or False: Health economists generally interpret a health care need as the capacity to benefit from it.
True
True or False: Inputs into the productive process (that is economics) can include equipment, buildings, and people.
True
True or False: International Trade Policies can have a negative effect on health and health care, especially in the developing world.
True
True or False: Sociology is a "researched based study of society,"
True
True or False: Stigmatisation often leads to social exclusion to at least, some degree.
True
True or False: The 'Expert Patient Initiative' out of the United Kingdom was about shifting the focus of clinicians to include the patient's knowledge and experience of their own illness, as well as to encourage patients to take an active role in their own care.
True
True or False: The CDC III MRC Epidemiology Framework works specifically with infectious diseases.
True
True or False: The Following is the most recent and adhered to definition of Public Health Surveillance: Public Health surveillance is the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health data...The Concept of public health surveillance does not include administration of the prevention and control programs, but does include an intended link with those programs."
True
True or False: The Whitehall studies found inequalities in health and mortality between employment grades and found that risk factors could only explain one-third of the observed variation in health by employment grade.
True
True or False: The definition of 'Health Care' is "The Prevention, Treatment, and Management of illness and the preservation of health through the services offered by health care organizations and professionals.
True
True or False: The findings from a large range of epidemiological studies have concluded that social and psychological stress is one of the major factors impacting upon an individual's ability to maintain their health. True or False?
True
True or False: The health sector, according to Nyblade et al (2009) is one of the main places where HIV positive, or those perceived to be, experience stigma and discrimination.
True
True or False: The role of Health information systems are to generate, analyze, and disseminate sound data to support public health decision making.
True
True or False: The study of sociology encourages us to look at the social conditions and influencers that can affect the behavior of individuals (e.g. unhealthy diets, etc.).
True
True or False: The study of the natural history and epidemiology of the disease is not a main objective of public health surveillance.
True
True or False: The term 'Stakeholders' refers to people or organizations who wither a) stand to be affected by the programme/project or b) could 'make' or 'break' the programme/projects success.
True
True or False: The term 'clinical gaze' was termed b Foucault (1973) to describe the way that doctors look at their patients (as holistic objects).
True
True or False: When a disease label is attached to a person, it has the power to alter the personal and/or social identity of an individual.
True
True or False:The term 'migration' according to Steinbach, is: "the permanent relocation of an individual from one country to another."
True
The National Health Service o England adjusts their resource allocation formula based on which of the fllowing determinants of health? Select one: a. Age b. Sex c. Race d. Poverty e. None of the Above
a. Age
The use of parish mortality records in the 17th century is an excellent example of: Select one: a. An early Surveillance System b. An early Health Information System c. An early health care system d. Both A & B e. None of the above
a. An early Surveillance System
Which of the following is not a major concern or barrier to the advancement of public health surveillance? Select one: a. Common Information Systems b. Common Lexicon c. A skilled workforce d. Improved Data Access e. All of the above are major concerns or barriers
a. Common Information Systems
Which of the following was among the first records used to measure and map health outcomes, thus generating health information? Select one: a. Death Records b. Immunization Records c. Citizenship Records d. Hospital Records e. None of the above
a. Death Records
Choose the best definition of the process of 'socialization.' Select one: a. Growing up within a particular culture, and set of social structures b. Attending lessons on the social etiquette of one's country c. The process of meeting someone for the first time d. All of the above e. None of the above
a. Growing up within a particular culture, and set of social structures
__________ factors drive a migrant out of their country of origin. Choose the word that best fits this sentence. Select one: a. Push b. Pull c. Patent d. Migration e. None of the Above
a. Push
Which of the following is not an Epidemiological Paradigm? Select one: a. Snow's Valuation of Water Currents b. Programming (Barker Hypothesis) c. Adult Risk Factor Approaches d. Life-course e. All of the above are Epidemiological Paradigms
a. Snow's Valuation of Water Currents
BRFSS is a state-based system of health surveys. What does BRFSS Stand for? Select one: a. Binary Risk from Syndromic Surveillance b. Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System c. Behavioural Risk From Syndromic Survey d. Binary Risk Factor Syndromic Surveillance e. None of the Above
b. Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System
Which of the following is the best example of a Population Health Outcome Indicator? Select one: a. Death data, as reported as standardized rates b. Deaths within 30 days of admission to hospital for stroke c. Birth Rates of the general population d. Both A & B e. None of the Above
b. Deaths within 30 days of admission to hospital for stroke
__________ is the study of how society decides what, how and for whom to produce. Choose the word that best fits this sentence. Select one: a. Health b. Economics c. Distribution Systems d. Migration e. None of the Above
b. Economics
Which of the following are NOT Push Factors for Migration? Select one: a. War b. Employment Opportunities c. Poverty d. Hunger e. Discrimination
b. Employment Opportunities
According to your readings, which of the following are not experiences of stigma in the health care setting. Select one: a. Neglect and Differential treatment b. Lessened wait times c. Verbal abuse d. Disclosing of a patient's status without their consent e. All of the Above
b. Lessened wait times
Which model on the social class inequalities and health is best characterized by the following statement: "Disadvantaged people are more likely to live in areas where they are exposed to harm such as air-pollution and damp housing." Select one: a. Behavioural model b. Materialist model c. Bio-chemical model d. psycho-social model e. Life course model
b. Materialist model
__________ are typically quite broad and will give an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; whereas __________ are the detailed requirements to achieve the overall aim, they are statements of overall desirable achievements, described where possible in quality, quantity and time. Choose the term that best matches with the above sentence. Select one: a. Vision; Mission b. Mission; Vision c. Aims; Objectives d. Objectives; Aims e. Vision; Aims
c. Aims; Objectives
Which of the following are no one of the three basic characteristics of Public Health Surveillance, as adopted by the 21st World Health Assembly: Select one: a. Systematic Collection of Data b. Consolidation and analysis of the collected data c. Common review and eradication of transmissible diseases d. Dissemination of information by means of narrative epidemiological reports e. None of the Above
c. Common review and eradication of transmissible diseases
Which of the following is not true about the economics of health care? Select one: a. The resources used to provide it are finite b. It is impossible to satisfy the populations demand for health care c. National Health Care Systems are designed to meet the wants of people d. National Health Care Systems are designed to meet the needs of people e. None of the Above
c. National Health Care Systems are designed to meet the wants of people
A sound Health Information System should include which of the following? Select one: a. Health Determinants, and Health Outcomes b. Performance or Outputs of the Health System c. Health inequities in determinants, outputs of the system, and health outcomes d. All of the Above e. None of the Above
d. All of the Above
Which is the following are essential sources of health related information? Select one: a. A Decennial Census b. Household Surveys c. Health Research d. All of the Above e. None of the Above
d. All of the Above
Which of the following is a way in which 'supply' is analyzed? Select one: a. Productivity b. Factor Substitution c. Market Substitution d. All of the above e. None of the Above
d. All of the above
Which of the following is not an adequate measure of health care performance? Select one: a. Patient Satisfaction b. Quality of Processes (e.g. implementation of guidelines) c. Quantity of health care organizations (e.g. No. of Patient beds) d. Birth and Death Rates at the National level e. None of the Above- all are adequate measurements of health care performance.
d. Birth and Death Rates at the National level
Which of the following can be used to measure health status? Select one: a. Pathological measures b. Clinical Measures c. Statistical measures d. Both A & B e. Both B & C
d. Both A & B
How does the institution of medicine, according to Foucault exercise power? Select one: a. Coercion b. Explaining individual problems (disease/illness) c. Providing a solution (cure/health) d. Both B & C e. All of the above
d. Both B & C
During the 19th century, Sir Edwin Chardwich, Secretary of the __________ Law Commission in England was the first Health Administrator to demonstrate through __________ that __________ and __________ were closely related. Choose the word(s) that best fits this sentence. Select one: a. Common; Information Systems; Poverty; Health b. Poor; Information Systems; the Social Determinants of Health; Disease c. Common; Surveillance; the Social Determinants of Health; Health d. Poor; Surveillance; Poverty; Disease e. Poor; Information Systems; Poverty; Health
d. Poor; Surveillance; Poverty; Disease
Match the following Definition to the term that it most aptly identifies: __________ Measure the effect of health care (or Public Health Interventions) on health status at a population level. Select one: a. Disaggregated Data b. Performance or Outputs of the Health System c. Aggregated Data d. Population Health Outcome Indicators e. None of the Above
d. Population Health Outcome Indicators
Which model on the social class inequalities and health is best characterized by the following statement: "stressful social circumstances produce emotional responses which bring about biological changes that increase risk of heart disease." Select one: a. Behavioural model b. Materialist model c. Bio-chemical model d. Psycho-social model e. None of the above
d. Psycho-social model
In the case of sickness, the process of __________ deviance is constituted through the act of diagnosis wherein doctors engage in a process of classification through which people are either labelled ill (deviant from the 'norm') or healthy, where as __________ deviance represents the illness experience. Match the words, in order to the sentences, as best you can. Select one: a. Primary, Secondary b. Absolute, Relative c. Relative, Absolute d. Secondary, Primary e. None of the Above
d. Secondary, Primary
Completed the text with the appropriate words: Dr. John __________ epidemiological studies on __________ found that the disease was related to, among other things, the __________ of a particular company: Select one: a. Snow, Tuberculosis, Product b. Cameron, Tuberculosis, Water c. Cameron, Cholera, Water d. Snow, Cholera, Water e. Hippocrates, Cholera, Product
d. Snow, Cholera, Water
Which of the following is NOT a theoretical approach or perspective within Sociology? Select one: a. Social Structural Approach b. The Interpretive Approaches c. Societies as a syntheses of agency and structure d. The Social Investigative approach e. All of the above ARE theoretical approaches or perspectives within Sociology
d. The Social Investigative approach
Which of the following are NOT a part of the study of Sociology? Select one: a. That which gives social life a sense of stability and order b. The extent to which the society in which people are born shape their beliefs, behavior, and life chances (including health outcomes) c. The relationship of the individual to the society in which they live d. The demarcation of sociological 'myths' or 'constructions' against the 'true reality.' e. None of the above - All are a part of the study of sociology
d. The demarcation of sociological 'myths' or 'constructions' against the 'true reality.'
Researchers have documented health inequalities in the distribution of health which of the following areas: Select one: a. Social Class b. Gender c. Ethnicity d. Both A & B e. All of the Above
e. All of the Above
Which of the following is an example of health events under surveillance: Select one: a. Mortality b. Birth Defects c. Health Practices d. Mental Illness e. All of the Above
e. All of the Above
Which of the following social factors can be used to explain the higher mortality rates of men in the United Kingdom? Select one: a. Employment b. Risk Taking Behaviour c. Smoking d. Alcohol e. All of the Above
e. All of the Above
In the CDC III MRC mnemonic, the last 'C' stands for 'control.' Which of the following is the best way to control an infectious disease? Select one: a. Prevention b. Immunization c. Prophylaxis d. Treatment e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following are a part of the 'Lay Referral System'? Select one: a. Friends b. Family c. The local grocer d. The mailman e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which of the following are the four major models used to explain social class inequalities in health? Select one: a. Behavioural model, Material model, bio-chemical model, Life-course model b. Behavioural model, Income model, bio-chemical model, Life-course model c. Ethnicity d. Behavioural model, Income model, Psycho-social model, Life-course model e. Behavioural model, Material model, Psycho-social model, Life-course model
e. Behavioural model, Material model, Psycho-social model, Life-course model
Which of the following, according to your readings, is considered to be a defining feature of medical health care systems? Select one: a. Modernity b. Medical knowledge c. Power d. Both A & B e. Both B & C
e. Both B & C
In the CDC III MRC mnemonic, CDC stands for: Select one: a. Centre for Disease Control b. Mode of Transmission, Immunity, Prevention c. Clinical Trials, Disease, Causal Agent d. Clinical Agent, Death, Causal Features e. Causal Agent, Distribution, Clinical Features
e. Causal Agent, Distribution, Clinical Features
Which of the following are Epidemiologists NOT concerned with? Select one: a. Death b. Illness c. Disability d. Means to improve health e. Epidemiologists are concerned with all of the above
e. Epidemiologists are concerned with all of the above
Which of the following are NOT required for the equality of access to health care? Select one: a. Equal travel distance to the facility b. Equal transport and communication services c. Equal wait times d. Equal charges e. Equal number of nurses to doctors
e. Equal number of nurses to doctors
Which of the following is not a type of disease measurement: Select one: a. Signs- blood pressure, temperature, X-ray b. Symptoms- Disease specific checklists c. Co-morbidity- Charlson Index, ICED d. Adverse events- pain bleeding, readmission e. None of the Above- all are types of disease measurements
e. None of the Above- all are types of disease measurements
