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The number of specialists is increasing because

of the development of medical technology

An MS-DRG is a refined DRG that includes:

patient severity

A patient with special needs could expect to receive efficient, appropriate, team-approach care from which of the following

patient-centered medical home

In a free market, who would pay for the delivery of health care services?

patients

In the US, public health and private practice of medicine developed separately because _____.

physicians were skeptical of the government taking control of medical practice

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act requires

protection of patients' personal health information

what is the incentive under fee-for-service reimbursement

providers have an incentive to deliver nonessential services

Which of the following can be considered a factor contributing to health status?

safety of neighborhoods, access to health care, air quality

Compared to suburban areas, there is a _______ of physicians in rural areas

shortage

Which entity oversees the licensure of health care facilities?

state government

The asynchronous form of telemedicine uses which type of technology?

store-and-forward

Which entity in hospital governance is legally responsible for the hospital's operations?

the board of trustees

under retrospective reimbursement, a health care organization is paid according to

the costs incurred in operating the institution

he private medical sector in the United States has been heavily regulated by the government mainly because ______.

the government finances Medicare and Medicaid

Crude rates refer to

the total population

What is the main application of quality-adjusted life years?

they are used as a measure of health benefits

In technology assessment, what role do clinical trials play?

they are used for evaluating efficacy and safety

What was the major objective of the Affordable Care Act?

to provide insurance coverage

Which of the following is not a behavioral risk factor?

unsafe neighborhoods

private health insurance is also referred to as

voluntary health insurance

Medicare and Medicaid programs were created for population groups regarded as ______.

vulnerable

One reason women's health centers were created is

women seek care more often than men

Which of the following was the main force that presented a government-run national health care program from becoming a reality in the United States?

Beliefs and values

Under free market conditions, the relationship between the quantity of medical services demanded and the price of medical services is _______.

inverse

A hospital that is accredited by the Joint Commission

is deemed to have met certification requirements

Medicaid is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement

low-income

Medicaid is primarily for people who meet which of the following eligibility requirements?

low-income

Which of these organizations was specifically created to bring management expertise to physician group practices?

management services organizations

When two organizations cease to exist and a new corporation is formed, this is called a

merger

The most prominent reason for the decline in the number of procedures performed in hospitals is

most of these procedures were shifted to the outpatient setting

Which of the following countries has a National Health Service (NHS)?

Great Britain

Utilitarianism emphasizes

Happiness and welfare for the most people possible

Who was the first American president to make an appeal for National Health Insurance?

Harry Truman

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?

foot care for a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes

Self-insurance was spurred by

government policy

The phenomenon called "moral hazard" results directly from

health insurance coverage

Countries whose health systems are orientated more toward primary care achieve

higher satisfaction with health services among their populations

To be classified as a critical access hospital, the number of acute care beds should not exceed

25

Initially, what was the main purpose of private health insurance in the US?

Compensate for loss of income during sickness and temporary disability

Crude birth rate is calculated by

Dividing the number of live births in a period of time by the total population

What main purpose was served by an almshouse in the preindustrial period?

It performed general welfare and custodial functions

MCO stands for

Managed Care Organization

Which of the following is not true about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010?

Most Americans supported the legislation once they found out what was in it

Which type of MCO has achieved the greatest success in employment-based enrollment?

PPOs

Reimbursement is associated with which of the quad functions?

Payment

Allied health professionals include

Physician assistants

What is the main intent of the Stark Laws?

Prohibit self-referral by physicians to facilities in which they have an ownership interest

What does "PPS" stand for?

Prospective Payment System

What is tertiary prevention?

Rehabilitative therapies and monitoring of health to prevent complications or further illness, injury, or disability

Holistic health adds which element to the World Health Organization definition of health?

Spiritual

Why could most people not afford the services of a qualified physician in the preindustrial period?

The economic cost of travel was too high

Incidence is

The number of new cases occurring during a specified period divided by the population at risk

What is gatekeeping?

The process by which primary care physicians refer patients to specialists

Prevalence is

The total number of cases at a specific point in time divided by the specified population

Which country spends the most in administrative health care costs?

United States

A DRG represents

a group of principal diagnoses

Sharing of existing resources without joint ownership of assets describes an

alliance

According to US law, nonprofit organizations

are tax exempt

Magnet hospitals have been found to

attract and retain well-qualified nurses

What is the main advantage of interoperability within an electronic health records (EHR) system?

information can be shared between physicians, pharmacies, and hospitals

Physician maldistribution occurs by

both specialty and geography

When a fixed monthly fee per enrollee is paid to a provider, it is called:

capitation

What is the main function of the National Institutes of Health?

conduct and support biomedical research

Resource inputs, such as staff time, required to increase patient satisfaction or increase the number of sick days avoided is one example of the elements that pertain to which of the following?

cost-effectiveness analysis

The expectation that Americans have about what medical technology can do to cure illness are driven by which of the following?

cultural beliefs and values

The expectation that Americans have about what medical technology can do to cure illness is based on

cultural beliefs and values

When providers deliver unnecessary services with the objective of protecting themselves against lawsuits, this practice is called

defensive medicine

What department houses Indian Health Services

department of Health and Human Services

Medical care in preindustrial America had a strong _____ character

domestic

Medicare is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement

elderly

Medicare is primarily for people who meet the following eligibility requirement:

elderly

For most privately insured Americans, health insurance is

employer-based

You cannot have both Medicare and Medicaid

false