Hst 111 ch 26 practice questions

c

"Yuppie" was a term for: a) counterculture hippies of the 1960s. b) politically conscious students of the 1960s. c) wealthy, young urban professionals of the 1980s. d) the conservative youth of the 1970s. e) senior citizens who favored Reagan's policies in the 1980s.

e

All of the following are evidence that freedom for women expanded in the 1970s EXCEPT: a) Title IX, which banned gender discrimination in higher education. b) a higher divorce rate and lower birth rate. c) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act. d) more employment opportunities, such as with AT&T. e) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.

a

Bowers v. Hardwick: a) upheld the constitutionality of state laws outlawing homosexual acts. b) took the United States off the gold standard. c) ruled affirmative action was constitutional in university decisions regarding enrollment. d) stated that a criminal had the right to a state-appointed lawyer. e) upheld the practices of racial housing segregation.

e

By the end of Reagan's second term in office, he viewed the Soviet Union: a) as an evil empire. b) with great disdain. c) as an expansionist power. d) as a strong ally. e) with much less suspicion.

e

Domestically, President Gerald Ford: a) was successful at reviving the American economy. b) introduced programs that encouraged growth in the manufacturing sector. c) reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d) restored Americans' confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e) failed to revive the economy.

c

In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, which: a) was passed over President Nixon's veto. b) banned racial discrimination in higher education. c) banned gender discrimination in higher education. d) banned gender discrimination in the workplace. e) guaranteed women equal access to pay.

b

In a historic move, in 1972 President Nixon opened diplomatic relations with: a) Taiwan. b) China. c) Cuba.

a

Nixon's Family Assistance Plan: a) proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all Americans. b) won approval by Congress. c) was seen as too radical by liberals. d) replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children. e) was seen as inadequate by conservatives.

a

Reagan's economic program, known as "supply-side economics" relied on: a) tax cuts and high interest rates. b) tax increases and low interest rates. c) tax cuts specifically for low-income Americans. d) increased environmental regulations. e) increased regulation of workplace safety.

e

The Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the National Transportation Safety Board were all established during the administration of: a) Lyndon Johnson. b) Gerald Ford. c) Ronald Reagan. d) Jimmy Carter. e) Richard Nixon.

a

The Equal Rights Amendment: a) passed Congress but failed ratification. b) passed Congress and was ratified by the required 38 states. c) had the support of all American women. d) had little support from American men.

c

The Three Mile Island nuclear plant: a) proved the success of the alternative energy resource. b) was the first of its kind to be operational. c) brought a halt to the nuclear energy industry's expansion. d) was the first nuclear plant to have an accident. e) stood as a symbol of American scientific and technologic superiority.

e

The writer Tom Wolfe dubbed the 1970s the "____ Decade." a) Narcissistic b) Be Happy c) Proud d) Free e) Me

d

Under the Nixon administration, the United States: a) supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile. b) boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid. c) supported democratic reforms in Iran. d) continued to undermine Third World governments. e) focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia.

d

Who were the Redstockings? a) A militant black group. b) A communist group. c) An underground group promoting anarchy. d) A radical feminist group. e) A gay and lesbian group.

e

Affirmative action was: a) found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration. b) mandated by law only for construction workers. c) implemented only in Philadelphia. d) never a priority during the Nixon administration. e) first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.

b

During the 1970s, conservatives: a) continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. b) insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government. c) employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d) made little progress. e) appealed primarily to urban Americans.

b

During the 1970s, evangelical Christians: a) significantly declined in number, as they became less vocal. b) significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. c) became more liberal in their beliefs. d) were banned from holding public office. e) were banned from making television appearances.

a

During the 1970s: a) the age at which Americans married increased and divorce rates rose. b) the age at which Americans married decreased and divorce rates declined. c) the baby boom continued unabated. d) divorce became less socially acceptable. e) marriage became obsolete.

a

Geraldine Ferraro is best known as: a) the first female candidate on a major-party presidential ticket. b) a conservative who campaigned against the Equal Rights Amendment. c) the leader of the Redstockings. d) cofounder of the National Organization of Women (NOW). e) the first female Supreme Court justice.

a

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended: a) as the only war lost by the United States. b) as a military, political, and social victory for the United States. c) leaving very few Vietnamese casualties. d) leaving many Americans optimistic. e) as a result of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.

a

In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he: a) promised never to lie to Americans. b) pledged to pardon Richard Nixon. c) did not support affirmative action. d) was well connected within the Washington political scene. e) promised a return to American isolationism.

c

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that: a) affirmative action was unconstitutional. b) racial quotas for college admissions were constitutional. c) fixed affirmative action quotas were unconstitutional. d) race could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions. e) gender could no longer be used as a factor in college admissions.

e

In foreign policy, Reagan: a) opposed "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes. b) embraced Carter's emphasis on human rights. c) decreased military spending. d) called for a halt to the development of nuclear weapons. e) initiated the largest military buildup in American history.

c

In his relations with major communist powers, President Nixon: a) was a fierce anticommunist. b) viewed China and the Soviet Union as a unified bloc. c) signed a strategic arms limitation treaty with the Soviet Union. d) rejected Henry Kissinger's "realist" approach to the Cold War. e) rejected "détente."

d

In order to protect U.S. interests, the Carter Doctrine declared that the United States would: a) never intervene in the affairs of another nation. b) use military force, particularly in Southeast Asia. c) use military force, particularly in the Western Hemisphere. d) use military force, particularly in the Persian Gulf. e) use nuclear weapons only if attacked first.

b

In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all of the following policies EXCEPT: a) boycotting the Moscow Olympics. b) breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan. c) placing an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union. d) funneling aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets. e) dramatically increased American military spending.

b

In the early 1970s, which commodity did many Americans have to wait in long lines to purchase? a) Automobiles. b) Gasoline. c) Water. d) Tires. e) Oil.

b

Jerry Falwell created the: a) Christian Majority. b) Moral Majority. c) Silent Majority. d) Super-Majority.

d

One of the loudest opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment was: a) Alice Paul. b) Gloria Steinman. c) Betty Friedan. d) Phyllis Schlafly. e) Geraldine Ferraro.

a

Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, like Phyllis Schlafly, argued that the passage of the ERA would: a) take away a woman's right to be a housewife. b) finally make women truly equal citizens, a goal set forth at Seneca Falls over a century before. c) be amended so as to exclude women from being drafted into the armed forces. d) elevate women to a superior class, allowing women to outnumber men in politics, professional jobs, & higher education programs in a decade.

e

President Carter's foreign policy emphasized: a) the need to fight communism around the world. b) the policy of containment. c) the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. d) an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e) human rights as a diplomatic priority.

e

Reagan's economic policies: a) expanded food stamps and school lunch programs. b) enlarged government revenue. c) decreased the national debt. d) strengthened labor unions. e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.

c

Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court were intended to: a) continue the liberal trend set by the Warren Court. b) be balanced with conservatives and liberals. c) lead the court in a conservative direction. d) break gender barriers by his appointment of the first female justice. e) appease the Democrats, since he had to work with them in Congress on other issues.

a

Ronald Reagan's economic policy focused on: a) tax cuts. b) high tariffs. c) government spending on welfare. d) reducing the federal debt. e) expanding trade with China.

a

The Church Committee revealed that since the beginning of the Cold War: a) the CIA and FBI had engaged in abusive actions. b) the Catholic Church had secretly channeled funds to Third World countries fighting communism. c) every administration had traded arms for hostages behind the back of Congress. d) the Ku Klux Klan had been receiving funds from the FBI to sabotage the civil rights movement.

c

The Iran-Contra affair: a) had the approval of Congress and the American public. b) was the greatest achievement of the Reagan administration. c) was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration. d) resulted in impeachment charges against Ronald Reagan. e) refers to the U.S. efforts to overthrow the shah of Iran.

b

The Moral Majority: a) favored abortion rights. b) feared family values were being undermined. c) focused on taxes and the federal debt. d) wanted divorces to be easier to obtain. e) favored decreasing military spending.

d

The Nixon administration's Philadelphia Plan: a) expanded the War on Poverty. b) eliminated Aid to Families with Dependent Children. c) implemented forced busing to integrate public schools. d) expanded affirmative action. e) provided free health insurance for families living below the poverty line.

d

The Reagan Revolution: a) included an emphasis on global human rights. b) introduced an expanded welfare state. c) strengthened the labor movement. d) included cuts to government programs. e) had little appeal for most Americans.

d

The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by: a) declining oil prices. b) low inflation rates. c) stagnant economic growth and low inflation. d) stagnant economic growth and high inflation. e) high income tax rates.

d

The election of 1980 reflected: a) the end of conservatism. b) the validation of big government. c) a return to progressivism. d) growing frustration over America's condition. e) a referendum for the ERA.

c

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis: a) was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b) restored Americans' confidence in their nation. c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d) made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. e) ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.

c

The opponents of the ERA defined freedom for women as: a) being within the public sphere. b) the right to control their own bodies. c) residing in the roles of wife and mother. d) economic opportunity. e) the right to an easy divorce.

d

Voters approved Proposition 13 in California, a law that banned: a) Mexican immigration. b) bilingual education in public schools. c) abortions. d) further increases in property taxes. e) issuing drivers licenses to illegal aliens.

c

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970? a) The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail. b) South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor. c) The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime. d) The impressive military action convinced Communist China to approach the United States. e) The invasion toppled Cambodia's communist government.

c

When he assumed the presidency, Richard Nixon announced a new policy regarding the Vietnam War known as: a) Détente. b) Americanization. c) Vietnamization. d) Massive retaliation. e) The New Look.

c

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into: a) the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsberg's office. b) the Washington Post's headquarters. c) the Democratic Party headquarters. d) George McGovern's apartment. e) the Committee to Reelect the President's (CREEP's) headquarters.

b

Which is NOT an agency created or act passed under the Nixon administration? a) Endangered Species Act. b) Office of Economic Opportunity. c) Occupational Safety and Health Administration. d) National Transportation Safety Board. e) Environmental Protection Agency.

d

Which nation held fifty-three Americans hostage from November 1979 until January 1981? a) Saudi Arabia. b) Nicaragua. c) El Salvador. d) Iran. e) Libya.

d

Which of the following statements best assesses the impact of Proposition 13 in California? a) The measure offered a windfall to homeowners at the expense of small businesses. b) The measure flushed public schools with short-lived budget surpluses. c) Proposition 13 led to a dramatic expansion of the California prison system. d) The measure reduced funds for libraries, schools, and other services. e) The measure stirred anti-immigrant sentiment in the Golden State.

e

Which striking labor group did Reagan have fired? a) Steel workers. b) Textile workers. c) Truck drivers. d) Post office workers. e) Air traffic controllers.

a

Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970? a) The country had elected socialist Salvador Allende into office. b) The U.S. sought to prevent the coup of General Augusto Pinochet. c) The Chilean government had blocked U.S. access to Chilean copper mines. d) The government of Chile had provided North Vietnam with covert support. e) Chile had been hosting Che Guevara, a long-time public enemy to the United States.

d

Why had it been premature for liberals to celebrate the downfall of their political adversary Richard Nixon? a) Nixon would stage a second political comeback in the Reagan administration. b) As many Democrats as Republicans wound up in jail in the Watergate scandal. c) Nixon remained popular with the American public, despite the Watergate scandal. d) Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government.