HTML Quiz 1

client

A Device that requests and renders web content such as browsers, mobile applications, screen readers, and the various content aggregators.

Web Standards

The formal, non-proprietary standards and other technical specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide Web.

web semantics

Using specific web languages and syntaxes to add meaning to online content.

What is the internet?

-Anarchy by design... The internet is decentralized. It doesn't exist in one single location but instead, is a global connection of millions of computers. -The internet is more of a concept than an actual tangible entity, and it relies on a physical infrastructure that connects networks to other networks. -The internet is not the web.

Why Do We Need Web Semantics?

-Control the organization and display of content -Identify and present common web elements to viewers -Ensure functionality -Provide easy access to page content -Allow search engines to easily index and find -Make content more relevant

3 types of HTML Elements

1. Block-level 2. Inline 3. Other

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)

1. Part of the family of XML markup languages. It mirrors or extends versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which Web pages are formulated. 2. A hybrid between HTML and XML specifically designed for Net device displays. 3. XHTML is a markup language written in XML; therefore, it is an XML application.

named character entity

1. use a character or a symbol thats not readily available on your keyboard like the trademark symbol or the copyright symbol or a character from another language. 2. use a symbol that's actually reserved for use by HTML that you're really not supposed to use. For example, using the left or right angle brackets in your content could actually cause rendering errors.

HTML5

A W3C specification that defines the fifth major revision of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). One of the major changes in HTML5 is in respect to how HTML addresses Web applications.

What is a website?

A collection of files stored on a server and located at a web address that anyone can find. There are two kinds of websites, static & dynamic.

semantics

Adding meaning through language. Focusing on the relation between signifiers (like words, phrases, signs, and symbols) and what they stand for; their denotation.

The Document Tree

All HTML documents are trees. Each level of the tree is described in the same manner as a human family tree, with ancestors, descendants, parents, children and siblings. CSS rules are based on the document tree. If you understand the document tree concept, then CSS selectors will be easy to understand and apply.

Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)

An HTML-embedded scripting language that is used to write web pages. An example of PHP is a script that displays the date in a website. It is also used for forms, contact, filling out and submission of information.

API

An abbreviation of application program interface, is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. The API specifies how software components should interact and APIs are used when programming graphical user interface (GUI) components. For example, Amazon.com released its API so that Web site developers could more easily access Amazon's product information. Using the Amazon API, a third party Web site can post direct links to Amazon products with updated prices and an option to "buy now."

server

An application that delivers web content or services to clients. There is a wide range of web servers and types that specialize in specific types of data or specific processing capabilities. When you type in a URL ( uniform resource locator) you are actually accessing a remote server that stores the website.

doctype declaration

An instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in.

browser

An interpreting program that translates markup ( xml, html, xhtml ) and renders it visually using style information ( css ). Examples include, Safari, Firefox, Opera, Chrome, and Internet Explorer, etc.

HTML Attributes

Attributes provide additional information about HTML elements. -HTML elements can have attributes -Attributes provide additional information about an element -Attributes are always specified in the start tag -Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets 1. A style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language. 2. A way of indicating how a document should appear visually. Can be used to format both text and layout of elements.

internet

Global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide to exchange information. Some of the early impetus for such a network came from the U.S. government network Arpanet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), starting in the 1960s.

websites are written in

HTML

Conventions

HTML conventions have evolved over time in commonly recognized page elements. Most pages, for example, contain some form of the following: -navigation -search capability -branding region -main content -footer

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language 1. Unifying language of the World Wide Web. 2. Standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages. 3. A set of instructions used to create and structure web documents. It defines formatting and placement of elements that make up a web document. 4. Standard protocol for formatting and displaying documents on the World Wide Web.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol 1. An application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. 2. The foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. 3. Structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text. 4. A standardized way of exchanging documents on the web.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

Markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format which is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is defined by the W3C'sXML 1.0 Specification and by several other related specifications, all of which are free open standards. XML was designed to store and transport data. XML tags are not predefined like HTML.

Cross-Platform Compatible

Refers to the capability of software or hardware to run identically on different platforms. Many applications for Windows and theMacintosh, for example, now produce binary-compatible files, which means that users can switch from one platform to the other without converting their data to a new format. Cross-platform computing is becoming increasingly important as local-area networks become better at linking machines of different types.

What is a Named Character Entity?

Special codes that browser user agents will recognize and then replace them with the character that you need are named character entities. The syntax form is straight forward: begin with an ampersand, then follow by using the named entity itself, and then follow that with a semicolon. Click the link below for a reference sheet for all named character entities. http://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref

Attributes

Tags can have attributes, which are extra bits of information. Attributes appear inside the opening tag and their values sit inside quotation marks.

Elements

Tags mark the beginning and end of an element. Elements are the blocks that make up web pages. For example, everything that is in between (and including) the <body> and </body> tags is the body element.

Cache

Temporary computer memory that holds most recently accessed data to speed up subsequent access of the same data.

Tags

The basic structure of an HTML document includes tags, which surround content and apply meaning to it. <html> <head> <title>website title</title> </head> <body> content of website ... </body> </html>

permissions

The server allows the internet user to view a website via a browser but doesn't usually allow them to edit the website unless you have a login name and password. This is known as permissions. Permissions are the only thing stopping other people from editing your website when you don't want them to.

Syntax

The spelling and grammar of a programming language. Computers are inflexible machines that understand what you type only if you type it in the exact form that the computer expects. The expected form is called the syntax. Each program defines its own syntactical rules that control which words the computer understands, which combinations of words are meaningful, and what punctuation is necessary to be a correctly structured document.

What is the web?

The web is an application that allows you to access the internet. Other apps that allow you access are email (smtp), Usenet news groups, instant messaging and FTP and more. Through the internet and a client, your computer has access to other computers called servers. Those servers are the backbone of the internet. They store websites and then "serve" them up to clients.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator A reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. A URL has two main components: Protocol identifier: For the URL http://example.com, the protocol identifier is http . Resource name: For the URL http://example.com , the resource name is example.com.

WaSP

Web Standards Project 1. Grass roots effort to encourage the main browser makers to create a standard implementation of the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and other Web standards and recommendations of the World Wide Consortium (W3C). 2. A group of professional web designers dedicated to encouraging the use of web standards (www.webstandards.org).

Cross-Browser Compatible

When a site works on multiple web browsers. Cross-browser sites may need to generate custom HTML, CSS, or JavaScript in order to be compatible across multiple sites.

Controlling White Space

Within code, any amount of white space after the first character of white space is ignored. If you want to add additional whitespace you must use a named character entity known as a non breaking space. &nbsp; HOWEVER! Creating a chunk of white space is not what the non breaking space character entity is actually meant for. You will want to do that within styles in a CSS. What it is meant for is to make it so that two words don't separate when a browser window is resized. When you place &nbsp; in between two words, those two words will stay together and jump to the next line when the browser window is made smaller.

WWW

World Wide Web 1. An information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another. 2. A way of transmitting data over the internet using the HTTP protocol and HTML.

W3C

World Wide Web Consortium 1. The main standard organization for the www that works in developing standards (www.w3c.org). 2. The primary keepers of the internet languages, a group made up of developers and designers. Their goals are to propose and certify language standards.

block-level HTML element

an element that creates large blocks of content like <p> for paragraphs or <div> for page divisions. They start new lines of text when you use them, and can contain other blocks as well as inline elements and text or data.

inline HTML element

an element that defines text or data in the document like <strong> makes the enclosed text strongly emphasized and <q> says the enclosed text is a quotation. They don't start new lines when you use them, and they generally only contain other inline tags and text or date. Or they include nothing at all, like the <br> tag.

other HTML element

an element that isn't displayed at all. These tags provide information about the page but don't necessarily show up in the visible portion of the page. For example <style> to define styles and stylesheets, <meta> to define meta data, and <head> to hold those elements.

static website

is just a folder (directory) full of web page files. Each page of the site is a different file. A one page website is one file, a two page website is two files, and so on.

dynamic website

is one whose content is updated by a content management system (much like WordPress) rather than being hardcoded in HTML. Besides blog posts, we'll mainly be dealing with static websites during this course.