HU-141 Exam 1 Guide

"Know the broad general dating of the Renaissance movement and be aware of the four sub-Renaissance movements we study in this first section of the course"

14th to 17th century; Middle Ages, Late Gothic, Florentine Renaissance, Franciscan Movement

"Be aware of how Erasmus and Luther compare and contrast - how they are similar and also very different"

Erasmus was an internationalist who sought to establish a borderless Christian union; Luther was a nationalist who appealed to the patriotism of the German people

"Be aware of the historical importance of Donatello's David"

First unsupported standing work of bronze cast during the Renaissance, and the first freestanding nude male sculpture made since antiquity

"Be aware of how Renaissance architecture differs from Medieval Gothic architecture, and how free Mannerist architecture differs from Renaissance"

Gothic design is more vertical in design, thus, the use of pointed arches, and flying buttresses. Renaissance architecture is more round or circular, hence, the use of domes and semi-circular arches and windows.

"Review Veronese' defense of his Last Supper painting against the charges of the Roman Catholic religious inquisition, and his refusal to change it - he just changed the name. How did this defense make artistic history?"

He changed the paintings name to "The House of Eli" and faced the Inquisitors about "improper figures in a religious composition.

"Be able to identify the most important humanistic contributions of Erasmus and Martin Luther"

Luther: sparking Protestantism, 95 thesis, Erasmus: revising ancient works and translating them into Greek and Latin such as the Bible

"Be able to identify how a Medieval Madonna and child would differ from a Renaissance Madonna and child"

Medieval Madonna is on par with size and the other is not. The faces are less "carbon copy"

"Remember how Machiavelli and Mirandola compare and contrast"

Mirandola argues that humans can turn themselves into beasts of burden or into divine creatures, Machiavelli says human nature can be reduced to a rather limited set of modes of operation

"Remember how great artists were perceived, in Italy, after the Renaissance became an establishment movement, as opposed to how they were perceived before that time"

Plato says "all art is Artifice", dangerous and deceptive, art became commissioned and widely loved.

"Be able to identify the great works of Michelangelo"

The Last Judgment, The David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Creation of Adam, Bacchus, The Pieta

"What would you think to be the broad, overall message or synthesis of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel Ceiling, as a total work?"

The complex and unusual iconography of the Sistine ceiling has been explained by some scholars as a Neoplatonic interpretation of the Bible, representing the essential phases of the spiritual development of humankind seen through a very dramatic relationship between humans and God.

The Northern Renaissance was inspired in part by the Protestant Reformation. Be able to identify how the ideas behind the reformation became a benefit to learning in Northern Europe

The reformers taught the parents and the church held the primary responsibility of educating children under the authority of God's Word

Humanities

as a study of how the arts interact throughout history with ideas and power structures.

"How was Machiavelli's little book, The Prince, an important contribution to Humanism in the Florentine Renaissance?"

first to creatively explore relatively unethical methods of rule while roaming within the intellectual bounds of humanism.

"Know how St. Francis' ministry was lived out in such a way that artists could usually not bear to portray him as a two-dimensional figure against a gothic picture's golden, saintly glow"

he was declared a saint and practiced Faith much differently than others, retains halo b/c of theological abstraction

"Be aware of the ways in which Leonardo Da Vinci was different from other Renaissance artists and why he could be considered historically important"

innovative techniques that he used in laying on the paint, his detailed knowledge of anatomy, his innovative use of the human form in figurative composition, and his use of sfumato

"Be familiar with the identifying markers of the Mannerist movement. Speaking of creative rather than academic mannerism, what makes a painting or a literary work "Mannerist"

intentional departure from High Renaissance norms, expressing a disordered world.

"Be aware of the three levels of love and beauty believed in by Neo-Platonism and how these are reflected in the work of Botticelli's Rite of Spring and Birth of Venus"

love for the physical beauty of his beloved, love for the moral beauty of his beloved, love for the divine beauty of his beloved

"Be aware of how the Crusades contributed to the inspirations for the Renaissance movement."

new "old manuscripts" came through; Pythagorean theorem, pictures, and sculptures from Greece and Rome brand new texts from Aristotle and Plato

"Remember why Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man elevated humanity above all other creation. What did he think was so special about Humanity?"

no other work more forcefully, eloquently, or thoroughly remaps the human landscape to center all attention on human capacity and the human perspective.

"Be aware of the historical contributions of Masaccio's works during the early Florentine Renaissance. How do they contribute to art history?"

profoundly influenced the art of painting in the Renaissance. Masaccio used light and perspective to give his figures weight and three-dimensionality, a sense of being in a space rather than simply on a painted surface

"Be aware of what was "reborn" during the Renaissance movement in Europe"

rebirth in science, art, and culture

"Be aware of the message behind Hieronymus Bosch's surrealistic northern Renaissance work, The Garden of Earthly Delights. Be aware of how that message relates to the title"

the insatiable weakness of man for not resisting sinful physical temptation, and eternal damnation in hell as just punishment of lustful human folly

"Remember the subjects and the message behind Raphael's School of Athens"

the marriage of art, philosophy, and science