Human A&P Chapter 13
The specificity of hormone action derives from
target cell receptors that are unique for the hormone type
An up-regulated cell has an increase in
the number of receptors available for binding.
Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
vasopressin
With age,
levels of GH decrease but of ADH increase
Growth hormone signals the release of IGF-1 from the
liver
A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a
long half-life
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system
may have a longer lasting effect
The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is
melatonin
A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.
molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
In addition to a drop in blood calcium concentration, a symptom of hypoparathyroidism is
muscle cramps
ADH and oxytocin are secreted by
neurosecretory cells
A type of hormone that the adrenal medulla secretes is a
none of the above
All hormones are
organic compounds
Secretions that affect only nearby cells are termed
paracrine
A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.
12.5
What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues?
33%
Diabetes insipidus is caused by
ADH deficiency
President John F. Kennedy had
Addison disease
_________ inhibits secretion of prolactin.
Dopamine from the hypothalamus
Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs?
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone signals the release of
IGF-1
__________ controls hormone concentrations.
Negative feedback
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
A person who is stressed usually has increased
blood pressure
Nonsteroid hormones cause _________________ in their target cells.
activation of adenylate cyclase
Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex leads to
addison disease
Secretion of insulin causes
a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose
Cretinism results from
a deficiency of thyroid hormones at birth.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by
a disorder of the immune system
The Edmonton protocol is
a pancreatic islet transplant
Addison disease
all of the above
Cushing syndrome
all of the above
Growth hormone
all of the above
Hormones from the adrenal medulla increase
all of the above
Hyperparathyroidism
all of the above
In diabetes mellitus,
all of the above
Steroid hormones
all of the above
Treatment of type 2 diabetes usually includes
all of the above
Graves disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism, is caused by
an autoimmune disorder
As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine
and cortisol rise
Nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete
antidiuretic hormone
The pineal gland is located
attached to the thalamus
The hormone that stimulates calcium deposition into bone is
calcitonin
A nonsteroid hormone acts on a target cell by
causing synthesis of a second messenger
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the
concentration of blood calcium
Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to
conserve sodium and excrete potassium
Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to
decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength
Cortisol is useful in controlling inflammation reactions because it
decreases the permeability of capillaries.
A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by
directly causing protein synthesis
Hormones
do all of the above
Thyroxine
enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized.
A sweat gland is an example of a(n) _______ gland.
exocrine
One of the hallmarks of Graves disease is
goiter
Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of
hyperthyroidism
Hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes are synthesized in the
hypothalamus
Athletes abuse erythropoietin (EPO) because this hormone
increases the number of red blood cells
Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has
inhibited secretion of ADH
Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from
insensitivity of cells to insulin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which regulates the formation of melanin, is produced by the
intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.
"Endocrine" means
internal secretion
Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks
iodine
Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
prolactin
Up-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to
prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.
Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to
prolonged increase in the level of a hormone
The blood concentration of growth hormone
rises at puberty and levels off after adolescence
Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands
secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior
Tropic hormones
stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones.
Cortisol
stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates.
David Vedder was known as the "bubble boy." He was born without a thymus gland. After he had a bone marrow transplant, he left his protective bubble - a set-up that kept him free of infection - but soon died of infection. He died because
the thymus produces white blood cells, which protect against infection.
Pheromones differ from hormones in that
they are transmitted between members of the same species.
The thymus gland secretes hormones called _____ that _______.
thymosins; control production and differentiation of white blood cells
The _______ secretes triiodothyronine.
thyroid gland
Diabetes mellitus results in
urine with high osmotic pressure
Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate
uterine contractions