Human Anatomy
What is Vitamin D necessary for?
Absorption and transport of calcium and phosphate ions.
Where does secondary ossification centers occur?
In the center of epiphyses.
Osteoblasts differentiate within a connective tissue, osteoblasts cluster together and secrete organic matrix, ossification occurs at the ossification center are all a part of what?
Intramembranous Ossification
What does the presence of an epiphyseal line indicate?
It indicates that the epiphyseal growth has ended.
What bone makes up the lower jaw?
The mandible
What cavity of bones contains marrow?
The medullary cavity
What are found in bones?
Blood, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue and nerve tissue.
During ossification, an existing tissue is replaced with what?
Bone
What are long bones?
Bones of the limbs
What are intramembranous bones?
Bones that develop from membranous connective tissue.
What does the parathyroid hormone do?
Stimulates osteoclast activity, increases the rate of calcium excretion, decreases the rate of calcium excretion.
What does the presence of an epipyseal disk indicate?
That the long bone is still growing
What does a compound fracture result in?
The bone breaking the skin
What is the longest bone in the human body?
The femur
What is the process of depositing calcium into a tissue called?
Calcification
What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?
Calcium
Regular exercise :
Causes bone to become thicker, causes bone to store more calcium, increase the length of bones.
Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify, blood vessels invade the perichondrium, the perichondrium is converted into periosteum, and the inner layer produces bone, osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone, osteoclasts create a marrow cavity.
Endochondral Ossification
The formation of hyaline cartilage model, periosteum forms a collar around the cartilage, and osteoblasts deposit bone in areas of cartilage loss is all part of what process.
Endochondral Ossification
What is the lining of the marrow cavity called?
Endosteum
What is the medullary cavity of a log bone lined with?
Endosteum
What is the head of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
What are osteoclasts?
Large multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.
What are canaliculi?
Narrow passageways that make up cytoplasmic extensions in the osteocytes.
What are bone-forming cells called?
Osteoblasts
What are mature blood cells called?
Osteocytes
What do spongy bones lack?
Osteons
What is the normal loss of bone that occurs with aging called?
Osteopenia
What bones make up the fingers and toes?
Phalanges
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Providing support, storage, protection, and allows for blood cell production.
What aids in the formation of blood cells?
Redbone marrow
What two bones make up the forearm?
The radius and the ulna.
What are sutures?
The tight connections that join the skull bones.
In compact bone, how are osteons arranged?
They are lined up parallel to the long axis.
How does the hormone calcitonin function?
To increase the rate of bone deposition.
What are the plates of bone found in spongy bone?
Trabeculae
When have long bones reached their adult length?
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone.