Human Bio Final

Approximately ________% of the stored energy of an organism at one level of a food web is transferred to the tissues of the organism that consumes it at the next level of the food web.

10

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?

Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH.

All of the following are key elements of evolution EXCEPT which one?

Change has been accomplished with a purpose and a plan.

The two countries that are the largest emitters of greenhouse gasses are

China and the United States of America.

To reduce the extent of this damaging phenomenon, many power plants have been required to install systems to remove and capture sulfur dioxide from their emissions.

acid rain

The release of LH in human males signals that

blood levels of testosterone are low.

The opening of the uterus is referred to as the

cervix.

Using the figure above, answer this question. All of the following directly excrete wastes out of the body EXCEPT which one?

circulatory system

Populations of species that occupy the same geographic area and interact with each other are collectively called a(n)

community.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding mature human gametes?

contain the haploid number of chromosomes

The main human activities that have raised atmospheric CO2 levels are

deforestation and burning fossil fuels.

The ultimate goal of the male reproductive system is to

deliver sperm into the female's reproductive system.

A scientist is studying the flow of energy into and out of a rain forest as well as the usage of energy by the organisms that inhabit that area. This study would be at the level of a(n)

ecosystem.

The process by which undigested material is removed from the gastrointestinal tract is

elimination.

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

emulsifying large fat droplets into tiny ones, providing more surface area for enzymes.

Most precipitation reaching land results from

evaporation of water from oceans.

Freshwater is most likely to be polluted

from organic solvents and farming chemicals in surface water runoff.

Differences in populations may arise over time when physical structures in the environment, such as mountains or large bodies of water, change. These structures are referred to as

geographical barriers.

An individual has been diagnosed with persistent proteinuria. This condition is due to damage in which one of the following regions of the nephron?

glomerular capsule

The figure above shows the skeletal structure of the forelimbs of several vertebrates. Because these skeletal elements are similar in form and are believed to have evolved from a common ancestral structure, they are said to be

homologous.

Which one of the following forms of birth control is effective over the longest period of time?

hysteroscopy

The use of cancer-specific antigens to generate antibodies that target cancer cells is a process known as

immunotherapy.

When a cancer remains in one location, it is referred to as

in situ cancer.

The development of a cancerous condition in immature white blood cells located in bone marrow is called

leukemia.

Which one of the following is shown in the figure above?

metastatic tumor

The theory that individuals with certain traits are more fit for their local environment and therefore are more likely to survive and reproduce is known as

natural selection.

A mass of rapidly dividing cells that have potentially lost the ability to regulate cell division is called a(n)

neoplasm.

When the oocyte is released from the ovary, it is transported to the uterus through the

oviduct.

Which one of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ?

pancreas

The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerulus to the

peritubular capillaries.

Omnivores differ from carnivores in that omnivores derive their energy from

plants and animals.

During male ejaculation, the internal urethral sphincter closes tightly to

prevent urine from leaking into the urethra.

Trees undergoing photosynthesis in a mature forest can best be described as

primary producers.

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that specifically targets

protein

The primary sources of the nitrogenous wastes that are eliminated by the kidneys are

proteins.

Oncogenes are derived from

proto-oncogenes.

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption occur?

proximal tubule

Female sexual arousal causes the vagina and area around the labia to

secrete lubricants for penis insertion.

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the small intestine are referred to as

segmentation.

Synthesis of new sperm cells occurs in the

seminiferous tubules.

The end products of the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are absorbed in the

small intestine.

Following ovulation, rising levels of estrogen

stimulate the endometrium to continue to proliferate.

The salivary glands include

sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands.

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is characterized by a primary phase that affects the genitals, and secondary and tertiary phases that spread throughout the body?

syphilis

When two species contain identical or nearly identical molecules such as proteins, this suggests

the two species share a common ancestry.

Which one of the following carcinogens accounts for 30% of all cancer deaths?

tobacco smoke

The nitrogenous waste ammonia is usually converted to a less toxic substance known as

urea.

When urine leaves the kidneys, it enters the

ureter.