Human Bio Final pt 3

In a mating of two CF carries, the probability of having CF-affected offspring is _________ for each birth

0.25

In a mating of a homozygous normal man with a women that possess one mutant Huntington's disease allele, the probability of having a Huntington's affected offspring is _________ for each birth.

0.50

If a DNA codon changed from AGC to AGT, then the corresponding mRNA codon would change from ______ to _______

UCG;UCA

Aspirin is a drug that was originally obtained from

a plant species

An alternate version of a gene is called a

allele

PC-SPES is an herbal supplement marketed for its ___ activity and today, it is ___ in the USA

anti-cancer; banned

Our most important medical tool to help people deal with bacterial infections are

antibiotics

Which chemicals in our environment "is a/are" known disrupters?

arsenic, mercury, lead, bisphenol A

Antibiotics kill or slow the growth of

bacteria

Women can inherit alleles of a gene called BRCA1 that puts them at higher risk for breast cancer. The alleles associated with elevated cancer risk are dominant. Of the genotypes listed below, which carries the lowest genetic risk of developing breast cancer?

bb

Bacteria reproduced by

binary fission

A sensitive S. aureus bacterium acquires a new gene that allows it to resist the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics. What might the protein encoded by that gene do?

digest beta-lactum antibiotics

"Change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time" is a definition for

evolution

Which of the following are ways to reduce your exposure to environmental toxins?

filtering home water, string/carrying water in stainless steel containers, microwaving food items in ceramic containers rather than plastic

What are the two major mechanisms by which bacterial populations generate genetic diversity?

gene exchange (=horizontal gene transfer) and mutation

When a mutation causes a gene to become longer, this change in DNA is called a

insertion

MRSA is an acronym for

methicillin-resistant S. aureus

A mutation causes a substitution of one amino acid for another in the encoded protein. What type of mutation is this?

missense

Taxol interferes with _______ and it is active in________ of the cell cycle

mitosis; metaphase/ anaphase

DNA replication mistakes that make it safely through the system of monitoring, and repair or destruction are called

mutations

In a diploid cell undergoing meiosis, its DNA replicates __________ and the cell divides _________

once; twice

What can cause cancer to develop and progress?

oncogene and mutated suppressor gene

The process that directly causes the thickened mucous in the lungs of CF patients is

osmosis

The exchange pf homologous chromosome arms occurs during _______ of _________

prophase 1; meiosis

Both _______ and _________ are directly responsible for the fact that no two gametes produced by humans are genetically identical

recombination; independent assortment

Why are more antibiotics given to healthy farm animals in the state of North Caroline each year than to all of the sick people in the USA?

so the animals grow faster

What will NOT reduce the speed of drug-resistant bacteria?

taking a strong antibiotic at the first sign of illness

Normally,______ tell cells to pause the cell cycle to fix mistakes

tumor supressor genes

The negative consequences of taking antibiotics for a viral infection include

waste of money, increases likelihood of the evolution of additional antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, alters the assemblage of essential prokaryotes that inhibit your large intestine