Human Biology Chapter 4 (Tiss & Integument)

Which type of neuroglia cell is found outside of the brain? astrocytes microglia oligodendrocytes Schwann cells axons

Schwann cells *Outside the brain, Schwann cells are the type of neuroglia that encircle long nerve fibers and form a myelin sheath. (Section 4.04)

Which body cavity contains the small and large intestines? abdominal cavity dorsal cavity cranial cavity vertebral canal pelvic cavity

abdominal cavity *The abdominal cavity contains the small and large intestines. (section 4.07)

The epithelial lining of the small intestine is modified for what function? absorption secretion excretion removing debris protection

absorption *Because food is absorbed from the small intestine, the epithelial lining is modified for absorption. (Section 4.05)

The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of multiple nuclei per cell. actin and myosin filaments. intercalated discs. the branching of the cells. tendons connecting the muscle to bone.

actin and myosin filaments. *Actin and myosin have alternating light and dark bands that give skeletal muscle a striated appearance. (Section 4.03)

Which structure produces "goose bumps?" arrector pili muscles hair follicles sebaceous glands sudoriferous glands cuticle

arrector pili muscles *Contraction of the arrector pili muscles attached to the hair follicles cause the hairs to stand on end creating the appearance of "goose bumps." The hair follicles are not responsible for the "goose bumps" but instead they are pulled upright. Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sudoriferous glands produce produce sweat. The cuticle is a fold of skin that hides the nail root. (section 4.06)

In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue? ependymal cells plasma membrane synovial membrane basement membrane transitional membrane

basement membrane *In epithelial tissues, the basement membrane serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue. (section 4.05)

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch? Pseudostratified epithelium Glandular epithelium Transitional epithelium Stratified epithelium Columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium *Transitional epithelium forms the lining of the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch. (Section 4.05)

Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain blood glucose levels. blood volume. urine levels. blood pH. body temperature.

body temperature. *Sweating cools the body and is part of the homeostatic control of body temperature. (section 4.08)

Alison was looking at a tissue under the microscope. It had cells within lacuna and the matrix was glassy looking. What type of tissue is she looking at? blood bone cartilage adipose areolar

cartilage *Both bone and cartilage have cells in lacuna. Hyaline cartilage has a glassy-looking matrix. (Section 4.02)

The three major components of connective tissue are cells, ground substance, and carbohydrate fibers. cells, fat, and protein fibers. cells, ground substance, and protein fibers. cells, ground substance, and enzymes. ground substance, enzymes, and protein fibers.

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers. *The three components of connective tissue are cells, ground substance, and protein fibers. (Section 4.02)

Gynecologists perform yearly pap smears for women. This procedure is important in early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer? breast cancer colon cancer cervical cancer pancreatic cancer liver cancer

cervical cancer *A pap smear is an important procedure utilized to detect cervical cancer in women. (Section 4.05)

What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues? actin collagen keratin fibrinogen myosin

collagen *The protein collagen provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues. (Section 4.02)

Which component of the neuron receives the signal from the sensory receptor? dendrite axon cell body nucleus myelin sheath

dendrite *The dendrite receives the signal from the sensory neuron. The axon sends the impulse away from the neuron. The cell body processes the impulse and passes it to the axon. The nucleus contains the cells genetic material. The myelin sheath assists in conducting the impulse away from the cell body. (Section 4.04)

When you put your hand on a hot stove, ____ receive signals from the sensory receptors or other neurons and ______ conduct nerve impulses. astrocytes, oligodendrocytes axons, dendrites astrocytes, dendrites dendrites, axons dendrites, astrocytes

dendrites, axons *Dendrites receive signals from the sensory receptors or other neurons and axons conduct nerve impulses. (Section 4.04)

Only the nervous and endocrine systems are involved in homeostasis. True False

false *All of the body systems are involved in maintaining homeostasis. (section 4.08)

The cells in bone tissue are found scattered throughout the matrix and are not connected to each other. True False

false *Although bone cells are scattered throughout the matrix they are still connected to each other and to the central canal. (Section 4.02)

There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid. True False

false *Blood is a fluid connective tissue and has a liquid matrix. (Section 4.02)

Lymph contains no cells. True False

false *Lymph contains white blood cells. (section 4.02)

The cardiovascular system is limited to just the heart and the blood. True False

false *The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, the blood, and the vessels the blood moves through. (section 4.07)

Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type? epithelial connective muscle nervous fat

fat *The basic tissue types include epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. (Section 4.01)

Todd's father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of elastic cartilage. hyaline cartilage. composite cartilage. fibrocartilage. bone.

fibrocartilage. *The intervertebral disks are composed of fibrocartilage. (Section 4.02)

The best description for the two components of blood are red blood cells and plasma. platelets and plasma. white blood cells and red blood cells. formed elements and plasma. formed elements and platelets.

formed elements and plasma. *Blood is composed of the formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) and plasma. (Section 4.02)

The body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called homeostasis. development. homogeneous. coordination. feedback.

homeostasis *Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment by adjusting its physiological processes. (section 4.08)

Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing? immune system integumentary system cardiovascular system urinary system musculoskeletal system

immune system *The role of the immune system is to protect us from infections. (section 4.07)

While observing cardiac muscle under the microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called perpendicular plates. Volkman canals. Broca's area. Haversian canals. intercalated discs.

intercalated discs. *Intercalated discs, where cardiac muscle cells are bound end to end, are exclusive to cardiac muscle. (section 4.03)

Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin? mucus keratin hyaline cartilage sweat wax

keratin *The protein keratin is important in waterproofing the skin. (section 4.06)

As a result of an infection, which component of blood would increase? platelets erythrocytes leukocytes plasma serum

leukocytes *Because leukocytes are involved in protecting the body, their numbers go up in the case of an infection. (Section 4.02)

What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue? bone and blood fibroblasts and matrix hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage adipose and cartilage loose fibrous and dense fibrous

loose fibrous and dense fibrous *Loose fibrous and dense fibrous tissues are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue. (Section 4.02)

Which of the following is mismatched to its location in the skin? fat--subcutaneous layer sense organs--dermis keratinization--epidermis nerves/blood vessels--epidermis hair follicle--dermis

nerves/blood vessels--epidermis *The epidermis is not associated with the nerves and the blood supply. (section 4.06)

Jacob looked up and saw the car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue? Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous Vascular

nervous *Nervous tissue receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses. (section 4.01)

The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as neuroglia. neurons. dendrocytes. astrocytes. Schwann cells.

neurons *Neurons are specialized cells that conduct a signal. (Section 4.04)

Which two types of cells make myelin? oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells microglia and astrocytes astrocytes and oligodendrocytes microglia and oligodendrocytes Schwann cells and microglia

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells *Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheaths around fibers in the brain and spinal cord while Schwann cells do so outside the brain. (Section 4.04)

Which of the following is not a function of the integument? protection from pathogen invasion inhibition of water loss regulation of body temperature synthesis of vitamin D production of white blood cells

production of white blood cells *The integumentary system does not produce leukocytes or white blood cells. (section 4.06)

One of the dangers of smoking is that it disrupts the defensive system that utilizes ciliary action of what type of specialized epithelia? pseudostratified epithelium glandular epithelium cuboidal epithelium stratified epithelium columnar epithelium

pseudostratified epithelium *Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, which contains upward beating cilia, is important in preventing harmful substances from entering the lungs. (section 4.05)

Which type of blood cell is responsible for transporting oxygen? red blood cells platelets leukocytes plasma thrombocytes

red blood cells *Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen on the hemoglobin protein. Platelets are fragments of blood cells that assist in plugging a wound. Thrombocytes is another name for platelets. Leukocytes are blood cells that assist in protecting the body. Plasma is the fluid medium that the blood cells are contained in. (Section 4.02)

What carries oxygen in the blood? platelets serum plasma white blood cells red blood cells

red blood cells *Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. (Section 4.02)

Which of the following is not involved in body temperature homeostasis? constriction or dilation of blood vessels secretion of sweat glands shivering respiration rate the hypothalamus

respiration rate *The respiration rate is involved in acid-base balance of the blood, not temperature regulation. (section 4.08)

Which type of tissues make up the epidermis? stratified squamous epithelium dense fibrous connective tissue adipose tissue elastic fibers loose connective tissue

stratified squamous epithelium *The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. The dermis is made up of dense fibrous connective tissue. Adipose and loose connective tissue are components of the subcutaneous layer. Elastic fibers are part of the dermis. (section 4.06)

What characteristic can be used to differentiate bone and cartilage? whether the matrix is solid or liquid the presence or absence of cells the flexibility of the matrix the presence of fibers in the matrix whether it is fibrous or specialized connective tissue

the flexibility of the matrix *In cartilage the matrix is flexible while in bone the matrix is rigid. (Section 4.02)

What membrane is infected in meningitis? the lining of the brain and spinal cord the lining of the lungs the lining of the heart the lining of the digestive tract the lining of the reproductive tract

the lining of the brain and spinal cord *The meninges are the membranes found within the dorsal cavity, covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges. (section 4.07)

The pleurae would be found in which body system? the respiratory system the cardiovascular system the muscular system the urinary system the skeletal system

the respiratory system *The pleurae cover the lungs and thus would be part of the respiratory system. (section 4.07)

What cavities develop from the ventral cavity? cranial and vertebral thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic pelvic and abdominal cranial and thoracic cranial, vertebral, and thoracic

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic *The ventral cavity later divides into the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. (section 4.07)

Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called membranes. organs. tissues. glands. organisms.

tissues *Tissues are specialized cells that together perform a common function. (Section 4.01)

If temperature were controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body's temperature would continue to rise. True False

true *A positive feedback system results in an increasing change in the same direction. (section 4.08)

Moving from the outside of the body, the first type of tissue encountered is epithelial tissue. True False

true *Epithelial tissue covers surfaces and lines body cavities. (Section 4.05)

Schwann cells are a type of neuroglial cells located outside of the brain. True False

true *Outside the brain, Schwann cells are the type of neuroglia that encircle long nerve fibers and form a myelin sheath. (Section 4.04)

Skin accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human. True False

true *Skin is the most conspicuous system in the body and accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human. (section 4.06)

Smooth muscle in the bladder contracts sending urine into the urethra. True False

true *Smooth muscle lines the bladder and is responsible for the ability to urinate. (Section 4.03)

With a negative feedback system, the value in question will vary around the set point. True False

true *When the value overshoots the set point, the system shuts off. When the value is under the set point, the system turns on. Therefore, the value will vary around the set point. (section 4.08)

Which of the following body parts is surrounded by a mucous membrane? the ovaries the heart the cavities of freely movable joints tubes of the digestive system the abdominal cavity

tubes of the digestive system *Mucous membranes line the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts. (section 4.07)

Which of the following body systems is located in only one cavity of the body? urinary system skeletal system cardiovascular system muscular system immune system

urinary system *The urinary system is located in the pelvic cavity while all the others occur throughout the body. (section 4.07)

________ glands are considered ductless glands and ______ glands contain ducts. Exocrine, endocrine Transitional, exocrine Transitional, endocrine Endocrine, exocrine Sudoriferous, transitional

Endocrine, exocrine *Endocrine glands are considered ductless glands and exocrine glands contain ducts. (section 4.05)

What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses? Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue Vascular tissue

Nervous tissue *Nervous tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses. (Section 4.04)

Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integument called? subcutaneous layer Langerhan layer epidermis hypodermis dermis

dermis *Tears in the dermis result in stretch marks. (section 4.06)

It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which type of fiber is affected in this disorder? elastic fibers reticular fibers collagen fibers hyaline fibers ground fibers

elastic fibers *In Marfan syndrome, there are mutations in the fibrillin gene, which produces a component of elastic fibers. (Section 4.02)

Which layer of the skin is responsible for tanning? epidermis dermis subcutaneous layer keratin hypodermis

epidermis *Melanocytes are found in the epidermis, so tanning alters the number of melanocytes produced in that layer. The dermis does not contain the melanocytes. The subcutaneous / hypodermis does not contain melanocytes either. Keratin is a structural protein that is responsible for waterproofing the skin. (section 4.06)

Which of the following cells would have a greater probability of developing into cancer? brain cells neurons epithelial cells muscle cells liver cells

epithelial cells *Cells that divide often, such as epithelial cells and blood cells, have a greater probability of developing into cancer. (Section 4.01)

Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities? epithelial tissue connective tissue muscular tissue nervous tissue vascular tissue

epithelial tissue *Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities. (Section 4.01)

Which systems function in adjustment of the acid-base balance of the blood? cardiovascular and muscular cardiovascular and urinary respiratory and urinary respiratory and skeletal muscular and skeletal

respiratory and urinary *Both the respiratory and urinary system adjust the acid-base balance of the blood. (section 4.07)

Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called carcinomas. sarcomas. leukemias. lymphomas. blastomas.

sarcomas *Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called sarcomas. (section 4.01)

Which type of gland can become blocked and form a "blackhead?" sudoriferous sweat endocrine sebaceous compound

sebaceous *Blackheads result from failure of the sebaceous glands to discharge their content known as sebum. (section 4.06)

In turning a page, you would mainly be using what type of tissue? cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle adipose tissue epithelial tissue

skeletal muscle *In turning a page, you would mainly be using skeletal muscle. (Section 4.03)

Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the bile. small intestines. large intestines. stomach. blood.

small intestines. *Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the small intestines. (Section 4.02)

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the air sacs and permits exchange of gasses? squamous epithelium columnar epithelium pseudostratified columnar epithelium cuboidal epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium

squamous epithelium *Squamous epithelium lines the air sacs and permits exchange of gasses. (Section 4.05)