Human Development Final

According to Erikson's theory of development, infants are experiencing what psychosocial stage of development? a. Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt b. Industry vs Inferiority c. Trust vs Mistrust d. Initiative vs Inferiority

c. Trust vs Mistrust

Put in order the progression of language development for infants Babbling, Crying, Gestures, Cooing

1. Crying 2. Cooing 3. Babbling 4. Gestures

How many chromosome pairs are contained within a human cell?

23

How much time should children in early childhood engage in physical activity?

3 hours per day

Approximately what percentage of babies are delivered by cesarian section in the US?

38%

Match the Body Mass Index (BMI) criteria for being at risk, overweight, and obese to their classifications. 85th to 94th percentiles 95th to 96th percentiles 97th percentile

85th to 94th percentiles At-risk 95th to 96th percentiles Overweight 97th percentile Obese

What percentage of children are born in hospitals in the US?

99%

The book describes parents from low SES as (1) more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations (2) make it clear that parents have authority over children (3) more likely to use physical punishment (4) more directive and less conversation with their children Using Baumrind's parenting typologies, how would you classify these kinds of parents?

Authoritarian

You have attached earlobes but both of your parents have unattached earlobes. If unattached earlobes are dominant traits, how did you end up with unattached earlobes?

Both parent are carriers of the recessive gene

Kangaroo care involves: a. having an Australian nurse b. Giving a baby to a kangaroo c. Laying a baby on the chest of their mother or father without clothes d. Jumping with a baby on a trampoline to stimulate brain development

C. Laying a baby on the chest of their mother or father without clothes

After the cellular process of meiosis there are 4 cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes called ___________

Gametes

Which cellular process results in two identical cells?

Mitosis

Social referencing refers to:

When an infant "checks" for emotional reactions from others

When an infant is born, its head makes up ____ of its total body size. a. 1/4 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 1/8

a. 1/4

Approximately, how may couples in the US experience infertility? a. 10-15% b. 15-20% c. 20-25% d. 5-10%

a. 10-15%

When we talk about middle adulthood, what age rage does this generally refer to? 40 to 65 40 to Retirement 45 to 60 53 to Retirement

a. 40-65

What is the average age that women go through menopause? 51 56 59 42

a. 51

--% of women experience postpartum blues a. 70 b. 20 c. 100 d. 50

a. 70%

Nutrition in early childhood can affect which of the following? a. All of the above b. Skeletal Growth c. Susceptibility to disease d. Body Size

a. All of the above

Which of the following has lead to a decrease in free play in childhood? a. All of the above b. More focus on academic pursuits c. Reduction of recess time in d. increased screen time

a. All of the above

Which of the following is not a function of play discussed in the book? a. All of the above b. Play promotes language development c. Play helps a child to release tension d. play assists in cognitive development

a. All of the above

You hear Jonathan say: "that motorcycle is angry" when he hears a Harley Davidson rumble past. Jonathan is demonstrating: a. Animism b. Egocentrism c. Centration d. Operations

a. Animism

Michael is playing with his father's iPad. His father, who does not want him to play with it punishes him with a sharp rebuke hoping that Michael will be less likely to play with his iPad in the future. Michael's father is following the assumptions of which theory? a. Behaviorism b. Information Processing theory c. Ecological Theory d. Social Cognitive Theory

a. Behaviorism

What is the term for a baby that is not positioned head down? a. Breech b. Normal c. Reversed d. Inversed

a. Breech

Which of the following theorists thought that the human life could be divided into 8 stages characterized by a psychosocial crisis? a. Erik Erikson b. Albert Bandura c. Jean Piaget d. Lev Vygotsky

a. Erik Erikson

During middle and late childhood, which strategy is most responsible for improvements in memory? a. Gist b. Mental Imagery c. Elaboration d. Verbatim Memory

a. Gist

During elementary school, children become interested in how things work and how they are made. According to Erikson, what stage is a child in elementary school in? a. Industry vs Inferiority b. Initiative vs Guilt c. Pre-Operations d. Concrete Operations

a. Industry vs Inferiority

Jeffrey is being observed during the strange situation. The researchers noticed that he is not distressed by his mother's absence and allows the stranger to play with him. What kind of attachment would you classify him as having? a. Insecure Avoidant Attachment b. Insecure Attachment c. Secure Attachment d. Independent Attachment

a. Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Justin is 2 years old and his parents decide to take him to the zoo. There he sees the tigers and exclaims "those are big doggies!" Justin is engaging in a process of assimilation and accommodation according to which theorist? a. Jean Piaget b. Lev Vygotsky c. Urie Bronfennbrenner d. B. F. Skinner

a. Jean Piaget

During which phase of attachment does an infant begin to show preference for his/her primary caregiver a. Phase 2 b. Phase 4 c. Phase 3 d. Phase 1

a. Phase 2

When taking a sociometric test of her classroom, Sarah is rated by many of her peers as being disliked and no one rates her as a best friend. Sarah would be considered a: a. Rejected child b. Disliked child c. Average child d. Neglected child

a. Rejected child

You hear Annabelle say that she goed to the store yesterday. This is an example of a a. rule based error b. poor grammar c. fast mapping d. cognitive delay

a. Rule based error

Timmy likes to play with baby dolls but his father doesn't want him to because "girls play with dolls." Timmy's father encourages him to play with cars and tools and discourages him from playing with dolls. Timmy's father is trying to shape Timmy's gender using what theoretical approach? a. Social cognitive theory b. Social role theory c. psychoanalytic theory d. Social definition theory

a. Social cognitive theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that the textbook suggests helping toddlers develop speech? a. Supply words when the toddler is slow in talking b. Use simple, concrete, and repetitive language c. Name what the toddler is appointing at. d. Talk in a slow pace.

a. Supply words when the toddler is slow in talking

Stage 2 o delivery begins when: a. The baby's head begins to pass through the cervix b. Contractions become more regular and intense c. The baby is far enough along that you can tell if it has hair or not d. The baby has completely exited the birth canal

a. The baby's head begins to pass through the cervix

Gay and Lesbian couples tend to be better at co-parenting than heterosexual couples a. True b. False

a. True

Most of person's traits are not due to individual genes but rather to a combination of genes. a. True b. False

a. True

No single theory can explain the rich complexity of the life-span development. a. True b. False

a. True

When we talk about "normal" development, we are not making a value judgement, but rather referring to the most common experience. a. True b. False

a. True

________ theories try to explain the development of complex thinking skills. a. cognitive b. ecological c. psychoanalytic d. behavioral

a. cognitive

Early adults experience more _____ stressors while middle-aged adults experience more ______ chronic stressors. daily; chronic manageable; impactful repeated; extreme extreme; constant

a. daily; chronic

During middle adulthood, sons are more likely than daughters to take on a caregiving role to aging parents True False

a. false

________ refers to the desire that a person has to leave a legacy for the next generation. Generativity Altruism Care Charity

a. generativity

A ________ is a specific assertion or prediction that can be tested. a. hypothesis b. law c. theory d. hunch

a. hypothesis

Dr. Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Harmon believes that development is: a. multidimensional b. multidirectional c. plastic d. contextual

a. multidimensional

Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in understanding development through the life span. This indicates how development is: a. multidisciplinary b. multidimensional c. contextual d. multidirectional

a. multidisciplinary

You can't teach an old dog new tricks." This old saying refutes the life-span perspective that views development as being: a. plastic b. lifelong c. contextual d. multidisciplinary

a. plastic

Menopause is the result of hormonal changes in a woman's body. True False

a. true

The majority of individuals who divorce during middle adulthood belief that the divorce was a positive decision. True False

a. true

An infant that is born weighing on 2.5 lbs would be considered a. very low birth weight b. low birth weight c. normal birth weight d. extremely low birth weight

a. very low birth weight

Jennifer notices her baby smiling when she is sleeping but is concerned that she does not smile when she is awake. How old you think Jennifer's baby is? a. 7 months b. 1 month c. 12 months d. 4 months

b. 1 month

__% of women experience postpartum depression a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

b. 10

How many phases of penatal development are there? a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4

b. 3

Reflexes such as the moro, sucking, and rooting reflex disappear around what age? a. 9-12 months b. 3-4 months c. 5-6 months d. 1-2 months

b. 3-4 months

Boys are ____ times more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. a. 3 b. 5 c. Girls are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder d. 4

b. 5

When average Americans were asked what ages comprised middle adulthood, what was their response? 40 to 65 53 to Retirement 45 to 60 40 to Retirement

b. 53 to retirement

Piaget believed that between Birth and 24 months, learning occurs: a. A parents teach their children about the world b. As infants experience the world with their sense and motor skills c. As infants develop trust versus mistrust d. None of the above. Piaget thought learning began after the preschool years

b. As infants experience the world with their sense and motor skills

During infancy, physical development progresses from the head towards the feet. What is this pattern of development called? a. Moro development b. Cephalocaudal c. Proximodistal d. Top-down

b. Cephalocaudal

Erika is not receiving the needed care from her family. She is experiencing what kind of child maltreatment? a. Sexual Abuse b. Child neglect c. Emotional Abuse d. Physical Abuse

b. Child neglect

Which of the following is not one of the emotional changes that we talked about happening during middle and late childhood? a. Children begin to self-generate feelings of pride and shame b. Children begin to feel emotions like pride and shame c. Children understand that they can experience multiple emotions at once d. Children are better able to hide their negative emotions

b. Children begin to feel emotions like pride and shame

Which of the following is the most effective way to treat ADHD a. Behavior modification b. Combination of behavior modification and stimulant medication c. There are no effective treatment options for ADHD d. Stimulant medication

b. Combination of behavior modification and stimulant medication

Julia is talking on the phone to her grandma. Her grandma asks her if she would like to come to her house to bake cookies. Julia nods her head in response. Julia is demonstrating: a. Centration b. Egocentrism c. Operations d. Animism

b. Egocentrism

A high percentage of children who experience maltreatment abuse their own children a. True b. False

b. False

A person's intelligence is almost completely influenced by their genetics a. True b. False

b. False

All friendships are important to improving a child's social skills, educational achievements, and emotional regulation a. True b. False

b. False

Attachment behaviors are primarily motivated by the need for food. a. True b. False

b. False

Birth order accounts for large difference between children a. True b. False

b. False

Infants are born with perfect eye sight a. True b. False

b. False

Infants are born with the ability to regulate their own emotions a. True b. False

b. False

Justin has an IQ of 90, he would be considered as having an intellectual disability. a. True. b. False

b. False

The term teratogen only applies to drugs, alcohol, and nicotine. a. True b. False

b. False

Trimesters during a pregnancy generally align with the three periods of prenatal development: a. True b. False

b. False

Picking up cheerios, threading yarn through beads, and writing letters are examples of: a. Sensorimotor b. Fine motor skills c. Gross motor skills d. Cognitive development

b. Fine motor skills

Jeremy is surprised that you would suggest that you change the rules of a game. He says that the rules can't be changed. This is a feature of: a. Autonomous morality b. Heternomous morality c. Cognitive development d. Symbolic play

b. Heteronomous morality

When Chuck was in pre-school, he would define himself by the toys that he had and the activities that he engaged in. Now Chuck is in 4th grade and his sense of self has changed Which of the following statements would you expect Chuck to say when he is asked to describe himself. a. "I'm never bad" b. "I am the smartest boy in my class" c. "I have two dogs" d. "I play with my Legos"

b. I am the smartest boy in my class

A preschool that is designed to allow children freedom to choose what activities they engage in is using a: a. Zone of Proximal Development b. Montessori Approach c. Scaffolding d. Developmentally Appropriate Practice

b. Montessori Approach

Which of the following is NOT one of the influences of children being overweight discussed in the textbook? a. Screen time b. Parents' emotional states c. heredity d. Parents' activity levels

b. Parents' emotional states

Sickle-cell Anemia is an example of a gene-linked abnormality. What is the cause of a gene-linked abnormality? a. Someone has either too many or two few of an individual chromosome b. Someone has issues with specific genes on the chromosomes c. Someone's cells have difficulty with meiosis d. Someone has too many genes

b. Someone has issues with specific genes on the chromosomes

Within infancy, goodness of fit refers to: a. The compatibility of two parents' parenting styles b. The compatibility of a parent's parenting style and an infants temperment c. The compatibility between siblings d. The compatibility of parents who want to adopt a child

b. The compatibility of a parent's parenting style and an infants temperment

When does the germinal period end? a. When the fetus attaches to the uterine wall b. When the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall c. When the brain has begun to develop d. When the zygote has divided into 20 cells

b. When the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall

Middle-aged adults experience large declines in their cognitive abilities. True False

b. false

The majority of couples experience a decline in marital satisfaction once they have an "empty nest" True False

b. false

The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is: a. multidimensional b. lifelong c. plastic d. contextual

b. lifelong

Many individuals become wiser as they age, but their performance on tasks that require speed in processing information starts to decline. This illustrates how throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is: a. contextual b. multidirectional c. multidimensional d. plastic

b. multidirectional

Understanding the degree to which both internal processes and our environment affect our development is the core of the: a. continuity-discontinuity issue b. nature-nurture issue c. gene environment interaction d. stability-change issue

b. nature-nurture issue

Sarah's father died unexpectedly in an accident when she was four years old. This incident will likely affect Sarah's development and is an example of a: a. non normative history-graded influence b. non-normative life event c. normative age-graded influence d. normative history-graded influence

b. non-normative life event

Breastfeeding is associated with all of the following EXCEPT for: a. fewer gastrointestinal infections b. reduced risk of adult obesity c. greater happiness d. reduced risk of SIDS

b. reduced risk of adult obesity

__________ refers to a loss of muscle mass due to aging. arthritis Sarcopenia atrophy osteoperosis

b. sarcopenia

The APGAR scale is used to assess the health of babies at one minute and five minutes after birth. What score would indicate that the baby needs emergency care to survive? a. 9-10 b. 4-6 c. 0-3 d. 7-8

c. 0-3

A typical newborn sleep about _____ hours a day. a. 8-9 b. 20-22 c. 16-17 d. 12-15

c. 16-17

Marie is playing with a stuffed animal when you take it a place it under a blanket. Marie does not look for the tow under the blanket. How old do you think that Marie is? a. 6 months b. 10 months c. 2 months d. 5 months

c. 2 months

When does the chance of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) dramatically decrease? a. 24 weeks b. 12 weeks c. 20 weeks d. 36 weeks

c. 20 weeks

At what point is a baby typically able to survive outside the womb? a. 12 weeks b. 36 weeks c. 24 weeks d. 20 weeks

c. 24 weeks

How many phases are there in labor & delivery a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

You tell John the following story. Sally places a toy in a basket and then leaves the room. Anne takes the toy from the basket and places it in a box. You ask John where Sally will look for the toy when she returns. He says that she will look in the box for the toy. How old do you think that John is? a. 5 b. 2 c. 3 d. 6

c. 3

Boys are ____ more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. a. 5% to 10 % b. 2% to 3% c. 4% to 9% d. Girls are more likely than boys to be diagnosed with ADHD

c. 4% to 9%

About how many children, born to married parents, will experience the divorce of their parents? a. 24% b. 30% c. 40% d. 50%

c. 40%

Most infants sleep through the night by about ____. a. 12 months b. 18 months c. 6 months d. 9 months

c. 6 months

Infants show a visual preference for which of the following stimuli? a. plain white b. plain yellow c. A human face d. plain red

c. A human face

What is the leading cause of death among children in the United States? a. Poverty b. Disease c. Accidents d. Murder

c. Accidents

Changes in weight during middle and late childhood are primarily due to: a. Larger bones b. Greater muscle mass c. All of the above d. Larger organs

c. All of the above

Which of the following is not one of the functions of friendship that we discussed in class? a. Stimulation b. Affection & Intimacy c. All of the above are functions that we talked about in class d. Ego support e. Companionship

c. All of the above are functions that we talked about in class

What prenatal test takes a sample of the amniotic fluid in order to test for chromosomal disorders? a. Chorionic villus sampling b. Ultraosound c. Amniocentesis d. Fetal MRI

c. Amniocentesis

Using Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, a student with what kind of intelligence does the best in a normal school setting? a. Verbal intelligence b. Creative intelligence c. Analytical intelligence d. Practical intelligence

c. Analytical intelligence

Jessica's mom constantly tells her child no and often uses physical punishments has misbehavior such as slapping Jessica's hand when she reaches for something she shouldn't. Jessica's mom is practicing a. Permissive Parenting b. Authoritative parenting c. Authoritarian parenting d. Neglectful parenting

c. Authoritarian parenting

When dealing with stress, children during middle and late childhood are better able to utilize ____________________, such as shifting their thoughts and reframing. a. Feel-good actions b. Emotion regulation c. Coping strategies d. Cognitive tools

c. Coping strategies

Howie is 11 months old. He has always had a consistent sleep schedule, he adapts easily to disruptions to his normal routine, and his parents describe him as a relaxed and happy baby. a. Difficult temperament b. Secure attachment c. Easy temperament d. Easy attachment

c. Easy temperament

When Joel starts to cry in the middle of the store, Joel's mother tries to help Joel label his emotions and understand what he is feeling. Joel's mother is practicing: a. Emotion dismissing parenting b. Authoritative parenting c. Emotion coaching parenting d. Permissive parenting

c. Emotion coaching parenting

The combination of genes that results in a visible trait is called a: a. Phenotype b. Chromosome c. Genotype d. DNA

c. Genotype

Breastfeeding is associated with all of the following EXCEPT for: a. Fewer gastrointestinal infections b. Reduced risk of adult obesity c. Greater happiness d. Reduced risk of SIDS

c. Greater happiness

When compared to individuals from previous generations, you and I would be considered as having very superior intelligence. This is called the Flynn effect. According to the book, what do we believe in the primary cause of the Flynn effect? a. Better testing instruments b. Genetic mutations c. Increasing levels of education d. Better nutrition

c. Increasing levels of education

Noam Chomsky believed that people are born with an innate ability to learn language. What did he call this? a. Wernicke's Area of the Brain b. Language Placticity c. Language acquisition device d. Broca's Area of the Brain

c. Language acquisition device

Jane's mother buys her treats at the store to avoid her daughter's tantrums. Jane's mother is practicing: a. Authoritative Parenting b. Authoritarian Parenting c. Permissive Parenting d. Emotion Coaching Parenting

c. Permissive Parenting

Children's vocabularies improve dramatically during early childhood. One explanation is that fast mapping is occurring. What is fast mapping? a. Someone tells you the connection between a word and what it means b. Intuitive understanding of what words mean. c. Quickly making a connection between a word and what it means based on context d. Dora the Explorer explains what words mean

c. Quickly making a connection between a word and what it means based on context

Down syndrome is an example of a chromosomal abnormality. What characterizes a chromosomal abnormality? a. Someone has issues with specific genes on the chromosomes b. Someone has an extra X chromosome c. Someone has either too many or too few of an individual chromosome d. Someone's chromosomes do not split properly during mitosis

c. Someone has either too many or too few of an individual chromosome

What is self-efficacy? a. The ratio of successes and failures and domains that are b. A domain specific evaluation of ones abilities c. the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes d. A global sense of self worth

c. The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

While Erikson's psychosocial theory and Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory address different components of human development, they do have something in common. What is it? a. They both focus on understanding how a child thinks b. They both were developed by the same person c. They both view development as occurring over a series of stages d. They both focus on physical growth in children

c. They both view development as occurring over a series of stages

Social cognition is: a. Thinking about your own popularity b. A group of people thinking together c. thinking about social matters d. Thinking about your own friends

c. Thinking about social matters

Which of the following is NOT a way that apps and computer programs can be beneficial for child development? a. Is story based to encourage engagement b. Encourages social interactions between children and parents c. Uses bright colors and sounds to encourage engagement d. Make the programming interactive and require thinking

c. Uses bright colors and sounds to encourage engagement

What do we call the range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to accomplish by themselves, but that can be accomplished with the help of an adult or more capable peer? a. The Montessori Approach b. Developmentally Appropriate Practice c. Zone of Proximal Development d. The sweet spot

c. Zone of Proximal Development

_______ intelligence refers to reasoning abilities while ______ intelligence refers to facts and information. Rational; Concrete Crystal; Fluid Fluid; Crystal Concrete; Rational

c. fluid; crystal

When you draw upon your own personal experience to understand what is true about the world, you are using a _________ epistemology. In class, we will be discussing what we know about human development using research, or a _________ epistemology. a. personal; authority b. individual; social c. personal; empirical d. personal; rational

c. personal; empirical

Dr. Jones believes that the mind is comprised of three different structures: the id, ego, and superego. Dr. Jones ascribes to which theoretical view? a. cognitive b. ecological c. psychoanalytic d. behavioral

c. psycholanalytic

Declines in memory during middle adulthood are caused by a decline in: retrieval attention working memory encoding

c. working memory

According to the book, about how many students report being bullied? a. 1/2 b. 1/4 c. 1/5 d. 1/3

d. 1/3

About how many adults experience a midlife crisis where they make drastic changes to their former life in search for a new one? 45% 75% 25% 10%

d. 10%

Boys are ___ times more likely to be diagnosed with a Learning Disability. a. Girls are more likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability b. 4 c. 5 d. 3

d. 3

Sarah is playing with a puzzle. She is able to pick up the pieces with ease but is unsteady at placing them where they belong in the puzzle. To try and make it fit, she will hit the piece repeatedly to try and get it to fit. a. 4 b. 2 c. 5 d. 3

d. 3

What percentage of married adults in middle adulthood believe that their marriage was very good? 64% 55% 32% 72%

d. 72%

What kind of parenting style produces well behaved and successful children with poor social skills? a. Permissive parenting b. Neglectful parenting c. Authoritative parenting d. Authoritarian parenting

d. Authoritarian parenting

Myelination is a developmental process in the brain that: a. Removes unused neural connections b. Strengthens neural connections c. Forms higher level brain structures d. Coats neurons in a fatty coating

d. Coats neurons in a fatty coating

____________ is the most important mechanism newborns have for communicating to their caregivers. a. Gestures b. Babbling c. Smiling d. Crying

d. Crying

Put in order, from smallest to largest, the following terms: DNA, Gene, Cell, Chromosome, Nucleus a. Nucleus, Genes, Cell, Chromosome, DNA b. Cell, Chromosome, DNA, Gene, Nucleus c. Chromosome, DNA, Gene, Cell, Nucleus d. DNA, Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

d. DNA, Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

Variations in growth in size during the early childhood are primarily due to: a. Nutrition b. Exercise c. The environement d. Heredity

d. Heredity

Before 6 months of age, researchers generally agree that infants possess _______ memory but not _______ memory. a. Explicit, implicit b. Long-term, short-term c. Short-term, long-term d. Implicit, explicit

d. Implicit, explicit

The Heinz dilemma is used to assess what kind of development? a. Cognitive Development b. Emotional Development c. Social Development d. Moral Development

d. Moral development

Charlie received a major head trauma and now his IQ is 45. What kind of intellectual disability would you say that he has? a. Educational intellectual disability b. Trauma intellectual disability c. Cultural-familial intellectual disability d. Organic intellectual disability

d. Organic intellectual disability

Joey is well liked in his classroom and when taking a sociometric test, he is rated by a lot of his classmates as one of their best friends. Joey would be considered a: a. Average child b. Controversial child c. Liked child d. Popular child

d. Popular child

Which of the following is currently the best way to prevent bullying in schools? a. Working with victims on social skills b. There are no effective bullying prevention programs c. Working with bullies on social skills d. School wide training in social skills

d. School wide training in social skills

If a child says, "I'm a good student," what are they demonstrating? a. Self-esteem b. Self-assurance c. Self-image d. Self-concept

d. Self-concept

The popular girls in school are spreading rumors about Jenna so that no one wants to be her friend. What kind of Bullying is Jenna experiencing? a. Cyber b. This is not bullying c. Physical d. Social

d. Social

Organogenesis occurs during which phase of prenatal development? a. The Birthing period b. the Fetal Period c. The germinal period d. The Embryonic period

d. The Embryonic period

Infants express less stranger anxiety in all of the following situations except: a. When the stranger is outgoing and smiling b. When they maintain physical contact with primary caregiver c. when the stranger is a child d. The presence of cats instead of dogs

d. The presence of cats instead of dogs

According to Ainsworth's attachment's styles, securely attached children, are most likely to exhibit which of the following behavior: a. Cling to the caregiver and then fight against the closeness b. Show insecurity by evading the mother c. Refuses to be comforted by the caregiver d. Use the caregiver as a secure base to explore

d. Use the caregiver as a secure base to explore

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that: a. begins at childhood and continues until adulthood b. begins at conception and continues until adulthood c. begins at birth and continues through the human life span. d. begins at conception and continues through the human life span

d. begins at conception and continues through the human life span

___________ theories try to explain how individuals develop behaviors through interacting with the environment. a. cognitive b. ecological c. psychoanalytic d. behavioral

d. behavioral

When couples divorce during middle adulthood, what is the most common reason they say they didn't divorce earlier? tried to make it work worried about money social pressure to stay married concerned about their children

d. concerned about their children

Human gestation lasts from: a. meiosis to birth b. fertilization to labor c. first missed menstruation to birth d. fertilization to birth

d. fertilization to birth

Which of the following positive outcomes is not related to leisure time in middle adulthood? fewer cognitive problems greater satisfaction with life slower physical decline financial stability

d. financial stability

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, a person's ________ refers to those contexts that have the most direct influence like a person's family or peers. a. exosystem b. chronosystem c. mesosystem d. microsystem

d. microsystem

Which of the following is not one of the defining features of middle adulthood that was discussed in class. awareness of how much time is left financial stability empty nest political activism

d. political activism

Epigenetics is the study of how environmental influences: a. affect behavior b. Change the number of chromosomes a person has c. cause cancer d. strengthen and weaken the impact of certain genes

d. strengthen and weaken the impact of certain genes

A ________ is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and make predictions a. hypothesis b. law c. hunch d. theory

d. theory