Human Geography: Cultural Differences
What is a dialect?0
. a set of small variations in the vocabulary, syntax, and cadence of a language
Approximately _____ different languages are spoken in Africa.
1,000
The number of languages spoken worldwide is between __________.
5,000 and 6,000
Explain the relationship between a subculture and a dominant culture.
A subculture is practiced by a smaller group of people than a dominant culture. Subcultures are different from the larger group for reasons that include beliefs, customs, ethnic backgrounds, and religion. Larger, dominant cultures may see subcultures as a threat.
Why does cultural diffusion happen more quickly today than in previous centuries?
Advancements in transportation and communication make it easier to spread culture.
As a religious faith, Candomblé appropriates beliefs from both __________.
African faiths and Catholicism
Which of the following characteristics is not shared by the faiths of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam?
All three are polytheistic religions.
The language of Afrikaans was influenced by all of the following languages except __________.
American Indian languages
Which of the following events was not a result of the Bosnian civil war?
An independent, democratic Yugoslavia was restored.
Which of the following statements about language in Canada is true?
Canada's government wants to preserve French within the province of Quebec.
Which of the following languages is spoken by the most people in the world today?
Chinese
Which of the following statements about the spread of Christianity is false?
Christianity did not spread to as many people as Islam did; Christianity is the world's second-largest religion.
Conflict between __________ has been raging in Nigeria since 1999.
Christians and Muslims
Why was the Roman Catholic Church so powerful in Europe during the Middle Ages?
Church officials controlled knowledge and learning and often held influential positions in government.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the process of cultural sharing?
Cultures change over time as groups pass their values to other groups and adopt practices practices of other groups.
In Buddhism, the __________ provides a set of concepts to improve life and reach enlightenment.
Eightfold path
Which of the following people is responsible for making the Christian faith the official religion of the Roman Empire?
Emperor Constantine
An individual's identity is unrelated to that person's gender.
False
Race and ethnicity are interchangeable terms; both are used to describe a person's skin tone.
False
Scientists have shown that a person's race is determined by a set of biological traits found in their DNA.
False
Polytheism, reincarnation, and following a path to a better life are all tenants of __________.
Hinduism
Place the following events in chronological order: I. Muslims and Croats are killed in ethnic cleansing. II. Milosevic becomes president of Serbia. III. Civil war begins in the Balkans. IV. Bosnia and Herzegovina declare independence.
II., IV., III., I.
The English language is part of which language family?
Indo-European
What is the significance of the 1995 Dayton Peace Accords?
It ended a conflict between Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia.
Which of the following statements about the history of Judaism is false?
Judaism is considered an important religion today due to the large percentage of people on Earth who follow its beliefs.
Which of the following lists the correct order in which the three religions were founded, from oldest to newest?
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Which of the following statements about the development of language over time is true?
Languages are always changing and are influenced by trade, communication, and migration.
Which of the following statements about race is false?
Race has a biological basis.
In what geographic region were both Buddhism and Hinduism founded?
South Asia
Why did so many Native American peoples adopt Christianity in Latin America during the 1500s?
The pope required that the Spanish monarchs make the conversion of native peoples to Christianity a priority during colonization.
If we were to examine a vocabulary word for two languages in the same language family (for example, English and German), which of the following would be the most likely result?
The spelling of the two words might be similar, and some sounds might be the same.
Which of the following beliefs is not one of the four noble truths of Buddhism?
There will be no other Torah.
Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy.
True
Cultures may adopt the values and practices of other groups.
True
English and Punjabi belong to the same language family.
True
Language shapes culture, and culture shapes language.
True
Religion is a set of devoutly followed beliefs that often explain the creation of the universe and the nature of human existence.
True
Which of the following statements best characterizes opportunities for women in India?
Women have fewer opportunities for education and employment than men.
The Torah consists of five books that include __________.
a compilation of Judaic law
If a person has adapted to an environment, they have __________.
adjusted to the differences within their new environment
The Indo-European languages are believed to have originated __________.
around the Caucasus Mountains
Tuareg men wear a veil (tagelmust) for all of the following reasons, except __________.
because Sharia law dictates that Muslim men must wear veils
The changes to Boston's harbor and land area are examples of the ability of __________ to manipulate and change the __________.
culture . . . environment
Cultural characteristics that are spread by mass media like movies and television are examples of cultural __________.
diffusion
The spreading of soccer around the world is an example of cultural __________.
diffusion
What was the original cause of the split between Shia and Sunni Muslims within Islam?
disagreement over who should lead the faith
Quebecois French __________.
diverged from Parisian French
"Matriarchal" is best defined as a __________.
domination of a government or social group by females
Which of the following words is used to categorize the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino," according to the US Census?
ethnicity
Which of the following beliefs is not included in Islam's Six Articles of Faith?
faith in the Vedas as sacred texts
The murder or abandonment of baby girls is called __________.
female infanticide
Popular culture is practiced by a diverse and __________ group of people.
heterogeneous
The "Middle Belt" describes the __________.
imaginary line dividing Nigeria into north and south
Popular culture __________.
is fluid and can change quickly
In Candomblé, orixás are __________.
lesser deities with individual personalities who serve the all-powerful god Olodumare
Which of the following is not a result of language convergence?
new dialects
Which of the following statements about the causes of the violence in Nigeria is false?
not Despite being one of the world's fastest-growing economies, there is an uneven distribution of wealth, high poverty rates, and high unemployment, all of which have contributed to tensions and violent actions
Appropriation is best described as the process by which __________.
one culture adopts features from a nearby culture for its own benefit
Which is a characteristic of popular culture?
quick to change its commonalities..
Skin color, facial features, height, and build are all physical characteristics that would most likely be used to identify someone's __________.
race
The name of the culture that exists within the dominant culture is
subculture
Ethnic neighborhoods most often form in order to __________.
support new immigrants in a new location and preserve cultural heritage
Which of the following is not included in the Christian Bible?
the first three books of the Qur'an
The term "Diaspora" refers to __________.
the spread of Judaism through the Middle East and southern Europe
What was the biggest reason the government of South Africa created a policy of apartheid?
to ensure that a racial minority group kept its political and economic dominance
