Human Geography - Exam 5

who controls the harvesting, collecting, mining, etc of resources and by what methods

- are they doing to in an environmentally safe a manner as possible? - who determines the consumption level of the resources? - how will a resource be reused, recycled, renewed

distribution of sports

- cricket is popular in Britain some former British colonies - ice hockey is most popular in cold climate areas (Canada, northern Europe) - martial arts are popular in chain and other east Asian countries (but has spread throughout the world) - baseball primarily in north and central America, but has spread to many Asian and European countries - lacrosse is primarily only popular where it originated, north America, but has spread to England, Australia, and some other countries

knowledge and values

- how knowledge are the people making the decisions - how knowledgeable are the people electing or appointing the people making the decisions - what are their interests, priorities, values regarding the environment and resource use? - what cultural-value systems or constraints do they live/work within regarding the environment and resources used?

organizational levels

- professional leagues or sports - Olympic games (winter and summer) - college level athletes

both men's and women's NCAA awarded championships

Basketball, cross country, gold, gymnastics, ice hockey, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, tennis, swimming and dividing, track and field (indoor and outdoor), volleyball (indoor), water polo

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

The association that administers college and university athletic program - has 3 division at which sports are played - some of the sports are contested by both men and women on separate teams, some sports played only by men or only by women, and 3 on mixed teams - the NCAA currently awards 90 national championships yearly, 46 for woman's teams, 41 for men's teams, and coed championships for fencing, refile, and skiing

the hydrosphere

all the water above, on, and in the earth

amateur-profession athlete

an athlete who competes in a sport at a skill equal to or nearly equal to a "professional" and may receive some type of financial compensation but is not "official" considered a "true professional" - college athlete can receive free tuition of NIL deals (news, image, and linkness)

terminal illness

an illness and that is lifelong and ends in death

college-level club teams

an organizational level above the intramural leagues and below the "official" student-athletes

sport activities

any aspect of a populations culture, and like their language, clothing, music, food, etc., sports is dynamic and changes with the changes in the culture

sports

any athletic activity requiring at least some skill or physical prowess by those who engage in it and often of a competitive nature

amateur athlete

any person who engages in a sport for pleasure rather than financial benefit or compensation

little leagues for youth sports

are children from age 4 or 5 to early teens who may participate in a variety of sports both team and individual

college level sports

are distributed where there are college - the sports offered will vary within interests and economics

political systems

are they business friendly vs environmentally friendly or a mixture of the 2, and at what ratio - does the political system favor exploitation of resources or conversation or a mixture?

non-vectored diseases

are transmitted by direct contact between host and victim - an example is COVID-19, the common cold, influenza (flu), the tuberculosis are carried from person to person by droplets of saliva in the air

4 physical spheres

atmospheres, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere

men only NCAA awarded championships

baseball, football, wresting

women only NCAA awarded championships

beach volleyball, bowling, field hockey, softball

common chromic diseases

cancer, heart disease, lung ailments (asthma, COPD), arthritis, diabetes, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, depression, osteoporosis, and other - the leading causes of death in the US are (collectively) heart/coronary and circulatory diseases, and caner

cultural systems

do they have strong feelings of being a part of nature or of being above/better than nature, separate from nature or somewhere in-between? - what are their views on reducing consumption, reuse of resources and products, and recycling?

high school athletics

even more than college, high schools are limited by financial constraints as to the number of sports they can support - this will vary with the sport and the region of the country though

combined teams NCAA awarded championships

fencing, rifle, and skiing

rec-leagues (recreational leagues)

involves adult participants in various sports

the biosphere

is all the living organisms of the planet and the interconnections between them and their physical environment

the lithosphere

is the earth's crust

human population issues

is the population of an area/country increasing or decreasing? what does this mean regarding resource usage?

education level of proper and safe hygiene

knowing how to prevent diseases can be important (perhaps more) as knowing how to treat them once they occur

title IX

no person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance - title IX is best known for its impact on high school and collegiate athletics, the original statue made no explicit mention of sport

rugby

originated from soccer in about 1823 at rugby college in rugby, England and spread in a similar fashion to soccer

a balanced diet of calories is also important

refer to the diversity of calories consumed - it is not just the number of calories consumed, but the kind or quality of calories consumed that is important

caloric intake

refer to the overall number of calories a person consumes in a day - daily caloric intake varies widely across the world from large (>300 calories per person in europe and north america) to very low (<2000 per person in most of africa

epidemic

refer to the rapid spread of an infectious diseases to a large number of people in each population within a short period, usually 2 week or less

endemic

refers to a diseases that is maintained in a population without the need for external or outside inputs - it is in a steady state, not growing but not diminshing - mononucleosis among college students is often described as being endemic

pandemic

refers to an epidemic of infections diseases that has spread across a large region, usually multiple continents, or even worldwide - past pandemics have included types of influenza, cholera, typhoid fever, smallpox, measles, COVID-19, typhus, tuberculosis AIDs is currently considered a pendemic - the COVID-19 pandemic has infected (confirmed cases) over 769 million world-wide and killed (reported) over 6.9 million (estimates of 17-31 million), as of august 2023

resource scarcity

refers to how scarce or abundant a resource may be, and can be either absolute scarcity or relative scarcity

nutrition

refers to the quantity and quality of food consumed by an individual and the population - 2 factors important for good nutrition are a minimum daily caloric (calories) intake and the type or quality of calories consumed (having a balanced diet)

recreational athletes

represent the "true amateur" participation in sports and play because they enjoy the sport

intramural leagues and sports

seen at the college level played by students who are not the "official" student-athletes at the college and play against other students from the same college

professional level sports

show a distributions than is directly correlated to economics - it is simple supply and demanded economics - where can the owners of a team, or sponsors of an event, and/or the athletes earn the most money from the playing of the sport - professional sports is a business, a tertiary sector business (entertainment), and as with service sector business, the primary factor is to locate where there are customers

soccer (association football)

started in England then came to America and was modified into American football - other forms include Canada (Canadian football) and Australian (Australian rules football)

economically depleted resources

the cost of extracting them is greater than the monetary profit

environmental degradation

the depletion or destruction of a renewable resources (on a human time scale)

3 factors that determine someone diet

the economic circumstances, cultural traditions, and what can be produced where they live

sustained yield

the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used without reducing its available supply throughout the world or in a particular area

sanitary conditions

the level of technology of their sewer systems, fresh drinking water systems (if they have either of these)

level of health care

the quantity and quality of healthcare varies widely across the globe with most MDCs enjoying enough health professional, facilities, and medical supplies

genetic diseases and conditions

the result of mutations to the genes of the chromosomes which are reflect in the offspring - includes down syndrome, sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, tay-sachs disease, marfan syndrome, huntingtons diseases, and many others

medical geography

the study of health and diseases from a geographical perspective, the sources, diffusion routes, and distribution of disease - also includes the distribution of healthcare facilities, practices, behaviors, politics, etc

the atmosphere

the thin gaseous veil, which surrounds the earth

depletion time

the time it takes to use a certain fraction, ~80%, of the known or estimated supply of a non-renewable resource

infants and children

they are the most susceptible in a population to variation in health care and nutrition thus to the effects of diseases

vectored diseases

those carried from one host to another by an intermediate host, such as malaria and yellow fever carried by mosquitoes and sleeping sickness carried by the tsetse fly to humans - the deadliest of this type of diseases are found primarily in tropical areas where hosts are more plentiful and climatic conditions favor a potential year-round season

essential resources

those deemed necessary for human life by the society that are beyond the vital resources - examples include energy (oil), farmland, trees, various minerals, (iron, aluminum, etc), clothes, shelter, etc

vital resources

those necessary for sustaining basic life - these are food, water, and air

perpetual resources

those which are essentially inexhaustible on a human time scale - the supply of these resources will not "run-out" - include solar energy, wind, air, etc

chromic diseases

those which are persistent or long-lasting in its effects - they often cause long-term deterioration of the body

material or tangible resources

those which can be quantified or measured - include oil, natural gas, coal trees, food, water, air

renewable or potentially renewable resource

those which can be replenished rapidly through natural process on a human time scale - include trees, grass, wild and domesticated plants, and animals, fresh water, soil, etc

non-renewable or exhaustible resources

those which exist in a fixed amount in various places in the earths crust - thus, not on a human time scale - examples are energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas) metallic mineral resources (iron, copper, aluminum), and nonmetallic mineral resources (salt, clay, and)

infectious diseases

those which result from an invasion of parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc and their multiplication in the body - these may be vectored or non-vectored diseases

professional athletes

those who engage in a sport for financial gain, as a means of livelihood

non-material or intangible resources

those whose quantity cannot be measured because they cannot be touched - they are emotions or physiological (feelings) - includes beaty, love, solitude, aesthetics, etc

baseball

thought to have originated in England and developed out of a game called rounders in the 1600-1700s and then brough to Canada and the US

economic systems

what are the effects of agricultural system vs industrial systems on the environment?

ecological footprint

what is the amount of land needed to produce all the resources used by an average person in a country, given their standard of living

carrying capacity

what is the number of individuals that an area/country (the planet) can sustain at a particular resource usage rate or level without using up the resources and at what standard of living (humans)?

malnourished

when an individual or population are getting the minimum number of calories, but have a deficiency in the diversity consumed - they are not consuming a proper balance of essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals

undernourished

when an individual or population cannot obtain the minimum number of calories needed to meet basic energy needs

geography of resource supplies

where are they, who controls them, and what is the availability both physically and economically?

high school sports

will be distributed where there are high schools - the specific sports will vary by region, and between public and private schools, primarily based on interests and economics

recreational sports

will be just about anywhere you find people - the specific sport will vary from place to place but there will always be some form of athletics, sport, or play conducted just for the fun of it