Human Nutrition Chapter 4

Continued evidence supports lifestyle management techniques to improve blood glucose control. Directly aligning with the Dietary Guidelines, individuals with diabetes are encouraged to

1: limit or avoid intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. 2: reduce sodium to less than 2300 mg per day. 3: eat fatty fish at least 2 times (2 servings) per week. 4: work closely with a RDN and endocrinologist to obtain individualized lifestyle recommendations.

stomach

acid inactivates carbohydrate digesting enzymes

liver

converts most fructose and galactose to glucose

Lots of pressure in the colon caused by excessive straining during defecation can cause small pouches called ____________ to protrude through the large intestine wall.

diverticula

When these pouches are inflamed and painful, the condition is known as ____________ . During periods of inflammation, a ____________ diet is indicated.

diverticulitis and low fiber

If pouches in the large intestine exist without painful symptoms, the condition is known as ____________ . In this case, a ____________ diet can ease stool elimination and prevent future attacks.

divitculosis and high fiber

Individuals with type 1 diabetes

do not produce insulin

Individuals with type 2 diabetes

do not respond to insulin

Amylose chains contain more sites for enzyme action than do amylopectin chains. This means that amylose-containing starchy foods raise blood sugar more quickly than do amylopectin-containing starchy foods. Group starts

false

Mary's seven-year-old daughter was recently diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Research indicates that Mary should not feed her daughter any refined sugar products because sugar intake causes hyperactivity in children. Group starts

false

Some people with irritable bowel syndrome may benefit from eliminating FODMAPs from their dietary pattern. Which of the following types of carbohydrates are classified as FODMAPs?

fructose, lacotse, and sugar alcohols

The type of diabetes that may occur during pregnancy is called ____________ . Women with this type of diabetes are at increased risk for developing ____________ later in life.

gestational diabetes, type two diabetes

f excessive straining occurs during defecation, the anal veins can swell, causing ____________ .

hemorrhoids

large intestine

houses bacteria that ferment soluble fiber

Immediately after eating a meal, blood sugar levels

increase

The treatment for type 1 diabetes always includes

insulin

small intestine

produces maltase, lactase, and sucrase

pancreas

produces pancreatic amylase, insulin, and glucagon

mouth

produces salivary amylase

For those with diabetes, insulin pumps

reduce severe low blood glucose episodes.

For individuals with normal blood glucose control, the release of insulin by the pancreas after a meal will cause blood sugar levels to

return to about normal

Fiber plays an important role in bowel health. A diet that is low in fiber and/or water leads to ____________ stools. This condition is known as

smal, hard, constipation

Type 2 diabetes can be treated with injection of insulin. Group starts

true

Approximately 5-10% of diabetes cases are ____________ (formerly called ____________ -dependent or ____________ -onset diabetes). This type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in ____________ .

type 1 diabetes, insulin, juvenile, no pancreatic insulin production

Diabetes is a disease of improper glucose regulation that results in more than 250,000 deaths per year in North America. The majority of people with diabetes in North America have ____________ (formerly called ____________ -dependent or ____________ -onset diabetes). This type of diabetes is characterized by ____________ .

type two diabetes, noninsulin, adult, insulin resistance