Human Nutrition Chapter 7: Amino Acids

Which of the following is true about protein deficiency in the United States?

It is uncommon.

What type of disease results in the poor absorption of nutrients from the small intestine?

celiac disease

Your body makes proteins by following information coded in your ____________________.

deoxyribonucleic acid DNA

Omega-3 fatty acids may need to be consumed from plant sources for those who do not eat

fish

Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a

food intolerance

Choose how nitrogen is lost from the body.

loss of hair and nails intestinal tract sheds cells urinary elimination

Making dietary choices based on nutritional genomics, height, weight and health assessment is the concept of

personalized nutrition

Gluten-free products that are not nutrient dense include

potato chips cookies

After being digested, most amino acids are

transported into absorptive cells

Although food insecurity exists in the United States, protein deficiency is

uncommon. present in specific population groups.

The project undertaken in the 1990s to identify and sequence the approximately 23,000 genes that code for protein synthesis in the human DNA is called the ______.

Human Genome Project

Where are dipeptides and tripeptides broken into amino acids?

Microvilli

Which element is primarily lost through the elimination of urea and creatinine?

Nitrogen

Which naturally occurring food is 100% protein?

No naturally occurring food is 100% protein.

Which of the following cells do not contain protein?

None, all cells contain some protein

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts?

Nonessential

Choose the true statements about protein.

Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Proteins are organic molecules. All living organisms contain protein.

Gluten sensitivity and celiac disease have which of the following in common?

Requires a gluten free diet

The structure of hemoglobin is an example of the ______________________ structure.

quaternary

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein?

10-35%

Celiac disease is a common inherited condition that results in poor ______ of nutrients from the small intestine.

absorption

After being digested, most amino acids are first transported into _________.

absorptive cells

A protein can be altered through exposure to ______.

acids physical agitation heat

Proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

A meal that provides all of the essential amino acids without including animal protein consists of

complementary combinations.

People with PKU need to avoid

egg. milk products. meats.

Choose the food sources that contain high-quality proteins.

eggs and milk meat and fish

Plant proteins are a healthy alternative to animal proteins because this type of diet has lower rates of ______.

hypertension obesity type 2 diabetes

In the United States, the average protein intake ______.

is about 1.44 g/kg body weight is about 15 to 18% of total calories

Intolerance to wheat products, resulting in IBS-like symptoms is defined as ______.

non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Vegetarians who do not consume fish may have difficulty obtaining ______.

omega-3 fatty acids

Amino acids are the building blocks of _________.

protein

In most cases, an allergen is a(n)

protein

Most foods contain some ______.

protein

Not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because _____ breaks down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and then recycles them to make new proteins.

protein turnover

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein turnover

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) directly contains the codes for making ______

proteins

Choose the true statements about amino acid derivatives.

serve important physiological roles examples include creatine and melanin nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins

Gluten-free products are not always healthier as some are high in

simple sugars. fats. sodium.

To make dishes with complementary combinations, a consumer must know

which plant foods are good sources of protein. which essential amino acids are limiting in plant foods.

A high-protein diet is defined as a protein intake of ______.

20 to 35% of calories

The percentage of adults who do not eat meat, fish or poultry is about ______.

3.3%

Which of the following elements are combined to make a protein?

Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen

T or F? Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False

What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?

allergy

The process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid is called

deamination.

Children and adults with PKU need to avoid foods that are rich sources of ______.

phenylalanine

Choose benefits of a plant-based diet.

reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers lower body fat and a reduced risk of obesity

The health professional who will consider genetically driven dietary recommendations when helping people with their personalized nutrition plan is the

registered dietitian nutritionist

The ______ of a protein influences its function.

structure

A food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as

sulfites. lactose. MSG.

Which of the following is true about deamination?

Once the nitrogen is removed, the remaining amino acid is a carbon skeleton A process of removing the nitrogen-containing group from an unneeded amino acid Occurs primarily in the liver

When a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone ______.

denaturation.

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are not proteins but have important physiological roles are called amino acid _________.

derivatives