Human Phys. Chapter 20
How many sperm are produced from one spermatogonium? A) One B) Two C) Four D) Eight
Four
Infants that are breastfed receive ________ from the mother. A) IgA B) IgG C) IgF D) IgE
IgA
The secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) will ________ during the onset menopause. A) increase B) decrease C) remain the same
Increase
If a male has his testes removed following testicular cancer, which of the following is likely to occur? A) Decreased FSH/LH secretion B) Increased testosterone production C) Increased inhibin production D) Increased levels of GnRH
Increased levels of GnRH
What hormone triggers ovulation? A) LH B) FSHC C) Progesterone D) hCG
LH
Lack of adequate progesterone after ovulation can lead to a miscarriage. Which of the following could cause the decreased progesterone levels? A) Increased estrogen production from the ovaries B) Increased FSH from the anterior pituitary gland C) Lack of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone production D) Lack of estradiol from the corpus albicans
Lack of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone production
How many ova are produced by oogenesis of one oogonia? A) One B) Two C) Four D) Eight
One
What is it called when a mature follicle ruptures and ejects the oocyte into the uterine tube? A) Gestation B) Menstruation C) Ovulation D) Fertilization
Ovulation
What hormone may play a role in reducing the size of the uterus following delivery? A) Progesterone B) Prostaglandin C) Oxytocin D) Prolactin
Oxytocin
What are the small cells produced by the uneven cytoplasmic divisions or oogenesis? A) Thecal cells B) Follicles C) Antrum D) Polar bodies
Polar bodies
Which of the following is NOTGaRroAlDe EofSeMstOriRolEin.pCaOrtMurition? A) Produces more receptors for oxytocin B) Produces the hormone relaxin C) Produces more receptors for prostaglandins D) Produces more gap junctions between myometrial cells
Produces the hormone relaxin
Choose the event in the male reproductive process that does not involve the Sertoli cells. A) Production of androgen-binding protein B) FSH stimulation of spermiogenesis C) Protection of developing sperm from the male's immune system D) Production of testosterone
Production of testosterone
What is the major hormone produced during the luteal phase? A) Progesterone B) Estrogen C) Androgen D) hCG
Progesterone
What hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates production of milk proteins? A) Oxytocin B) Growth hormone C) MSH D) Prolactin
Prolactin
What allows the compaction of chromatin in the process of spermiogenesis? A) Histones B) Acrosome C) Protamines D) Testosterone
Protamines
Tight junctions between ________ are responsible for the formation of the blood-testis barrier. A) Leydig cells B) Sertoli cells C) spermatogonial cells D) trophoblast cells
Sertoli cells
What is the principle sex steroid in males? A) Estrogen B) Testosterone C) Progesterone D) Aldosterone
Testosterone
Which is NOT characteristic of a mature ovarian follicle? A) Has a fluid-filled antrum B) Granulosa cells secrete estradiol C) Contains a secondary oocyte D) The oocyte has completed meiosis II
The oocyte has completed meiosis II
Which of the following is a precursor to melatonin synthesis? A) Tryptophan B) Serotonin C) Tyrosine D) Both tryptophan and serotonin are correct.
Tryptophan
Choose the least invasive way of determining structural abnormalities in the fetus. A) Ultrasound B) Chorionic villi biopsy C) X-ray D) Amniocentesis
Ultrasound
How many autosomal chromosomes are present in human cells? A) 23 pairs B) 46 C) 22 pairs D) 2 pairs
22 Pair
For the rhythm method to be successful, coitus must not happen ________. A) during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle B) 6 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation C) during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle D) Both during the first 10 days of the menstrual cycle and during the last 10 days of the menstrual cycle.
6 days prior to ovulation through 2 days after ovulation
Which structure would be found in normal somatic cells of women but not men? A) An X chromosome B) A Y chromosome C) A Barr body D) 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes
A Barr body
Choose the hormone that would not result in growth of, or secretion by the ovaries or testes. A) Adrenocorticotropin B) FSH C) LH D) GnRH
Adrenocorticotropin
Male androgens ________. A) stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth B) stimulate bone growth C) stimulate erythropoiesis D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct
What occurs during spermiogenesis? A) Chromosomes are compacted by protamines B) Flagellum and acrosome form C) Cytoplasm removed by Sertoli cells D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct
High progesterone levels during the luteal phase ________. A) causes cervical mucus to thicken B) suppresses FSH and LH C) causes thickening of the endometrium D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
Testosterone, not DHT, stimulates embryonic development of ________. A) seminal vesicles B) ductus deferens C) ejaculatory duct D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
What event(s) occur to start puberty? A) GABA release in hypothalamus is reduced. B) Glutamate stimulation of the hypothalamus is increased. C) Secretion of GnRH to the anterior pituitary increases. D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
What type of genes are found on the Y chromosome? A) X-transposed genes B) Degenerate genes C) Testis-specific genes D) All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
What enzyme is needed for the conversion of testosterone into estradiol in the male brain? A) 5-alpha reductase B) Aromatase C) ATPase D) cGMP phosphodiesterase
Aromatase
How many chromosomes are found in a normal human cell? A) 23 B) 23 pairs C) 46 D) Both 23 pairs and 46 are correct.
Both 23 pairs and 46 are correct.
What ion is released by the fertilized egg that prevents polyspermy? A) Na+ B) K+ C) Cl- D) Ca2+
Ca2+
Besides chromosomes, what else does the sperm provide to the zygote that is necessary for cell division to occur? A) Mitochondria B) Centrosome C) Enzymes D) All of the choices are correct.
Centrosome
The placental hormone that, when elevated, may contribute to gestational diabetes. A) Chorionic somatomammotropin B) Chorionic gonadotropin C) Progesterone D) Estrogen
Chorionic somatomammotropin
What process occurs as the zygote travels towards the uterus in the fallopian tubes? A) Cleavage B) Fertilization C) Capacitation D) Polyspermy
Cleavage
What is the process that occurs when a mature follicle ruptures and ejects the oocyte into the uterine tube? A) Macula lutea B) Corpus luteum C) Fibroids D) Mature ovarian follicle
Corpus luteum
What type of genetic change occurs when an allele is silenced by methylation of cytosine bases? A) Genomic B) Epigenetic C) Mutation D) None of the choices are correct.
Epigenetic
Apoptosis of T lymphocytes requires that Sertoli cells produce ________. A) FAS ligand B) androgen-binding protein C) testosterone D) All of these choices are correct.
FAS ligand
Sertoli cells are stimulated by ________, while Leydig cells are stimulated by ________. A) FSH; LH B) LH; FSH C) testosterone; LH D) FSH; testosterone
FSH; LH
Ova are fertilized in the ________. A) cervix B) fallopian tubes C) uterus D) vagina
Fallopian tubes
What structure of a mature follicle is a barrier to sperm and fertilization? A) Zona pellucida B) Corona radiata C) Antrum D) Cumulus oophorus
Zona pellucida
The ________ provides enzymes that allow the sperm to digest a pathway through the zona pellucida to the oocyte. A) chorion B) zygote C) acrosome D) blastocyst
acrosome
Pubic and axillary hair growth at puberty results from increased secretion of ________. A) anterior pituitary gonadotropins B) estrogen and testosterone from the gonads C) androgens from the adrenal cortex D) melatonin from the pineal gland
anterior pituitary gonadotropins
Viagra works by blocking ________, which raises cGMP concentration, and promotes vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle of the penis. A) 5-alpha reductase B) aromatase C) ATPase D) cGMP phosphodiesterase
cGMP phosphodiesterase
The process of sperm gaining the ability to fertilize an ovum as they pass through the female reproductive tract is called ________. A) capacitation B) receptiveness C) spermatogenesis D) spermiogenesis
capacitation
The blastocyst consists of the ________. A) blastocyst and amnion B) morula and placenta C) chorion and inner cell mass D) embryo and chorion
chorion and inner cell mass
Increased maternal lipolysis is stimulated by the secretion of ________ by the placenta. A) human chorionic gonadotropin B) chorionic somatomammotropin C) progesterone D) estrogen
chorionic somatomammotropin
Genetic disorders can be detected earliest by ________. A) amniocentesis B) chorionic villus biopsy C) newborn screening D) ultrasound
chorionic villus biopsy
A lack of testosterone in males will cause the genital tubercle to form a(n) ________. A) penis B) testis C) clitoris D) ovary
clitoris
The chorion frondosum develops from the ________ layer of the chorion. A) cytotrophoblast B) yolk sac C) syncytiotrophoblast D) amnion
cytotrophoblast
The maternal contribution to the placenta is the ________. A) decidua basalis B) chorion frondosum C) chorionic villi D) yolk sac
decidua basalis
The first event to occur during development of the reproductive system would be the ________. A) descent of the testes into the scrotum B) formation of the vagina C) onset of testosterone production D) development of the Müllerian ducts
development of the Müllerian ducts
The movement of semen into the urethra is called ________. A) emission B) erection C) ejaculation D) ovulation
emission
Nidation is the process of the blastocyst implanting itself into the thick ________. A) myometrium B) fallopian tubes C) endometrium D) epimetrium
endometrium
Sperm are stored and matured in the ________. A) vas deferens B) seminal vesicles C) epididymis D) prostate gland
epididymis
The LH surge is caused by ________. A) estradiol increasing frequency of GnRH pulses B) more FSH receptors placed in granulosa cells C) a quick drop in FSH D) rapid increase in progesterone
estradiol increasing frequency of GnRH pulses
The sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin is increased by ________. A) prostaglandin B) progesterone C) testosterone D) estrogen
estrogen
The Contraceptive Pill contains ________. A) FSH B) estrogen C) progesterone D) estrogen and progesterone
estrogen and progesterone
The weak form of estrogen found in the blood of postmenopausal women is termed as ________. A) estrogen B) progesterone C) estrone D) menopausal estrogen
estrone
The correct order of the four phases of sexual response is ________. A) excitation, plateau, orgasm, resolution B) plateau, excitation, orgasm, resolution C) orgasm, excitation, resolution, plateau D) resolution, plateau, excitation, orgasm
excitation, plateau, orgasm, resolution
Day 1 of the menstrual cycle is the ________. A) day ovulation occurs B) first day of the menses C) last day of the menses D) first day of the proliferative phase
first day of the menses
Women who are thin, athletic, and under prolonged stress may experience cessation of menstruation or ________. A) dysmenorrhea B) menorrhea C) primary amenorrhea D) functional amenorrhea
functional amenorrhea
The trophoblast cells of the chorion secrete ________, which maintains the corpus luteum, thereby preventing menstruation. A) GnRH B) ACTH C) hCG D) FSH
hCG
What hormone is secreted by the trophoblast cells of the chorion that is used in a pregnancy test to determine if a woman is pregnant? A) LH B) hCG C) Estrogen D) Oxytocin
hCG
Males lacking testosterone receptors would ________. A) develop as genotypic females B) have testes and female external genitalia C) lack gonads D) have male internal genitalia
have testes and female external genitalia
Secretion of LH is inhibited by ________. A) high concentrations of inhibin B) rapidly rising concentrations of estradiol C) high concentrations of testosterone D) decreasing concentrations of progesterone
high concentrations of testosterone
Initiation of labor involves all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) corticotropin-releasing hormone from the placenta B) DHEAS from the fetal adrenal gland C) cortisol from the mother and fetus D) human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta
human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta
To delay labor, a drug would need to act by ________. A) inhibiting the actions of progesterone B) stimulating the actions of estrogen C) inhibiting the actions of oxytocin D) stimulating the actions of chorionic gonadotropin
inhibiting the actions of oxytocin
Luteal regression may be inhibited by ________. A) inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins B) stimulating the synthesis of progesterone C) stimulating the synthesis of LH D) inhibiting the synthesis of FSH
inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins
Development of the mammary gland during gestation ________. A) is inhibited by estrogens B) is stimulated by estrogens C) is elevated when dopamine is given to pregnant women D) requires the permissive effects of insulin, testosterone, and cortisol
is stimulated by estrogens
The embryonic urethral fold becomes the female ________. A) labia minora B) labia majora C) glans clitoris D) All of the choices are correct.
labia minora
The secretory phase of the endometrium occurs when the ovary is in the ________ phase. A) follicular B) luteal C) menstrual D) ovulatory
luteal
In males, androgens are required for ________. A) initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty B) regression of the wolffian ducts during embryonic development C) maintenance of accessory sex organs D) development of the Müllerian ducts
maintenance of accessory sex organs
Milk let-down ________. A) is stimulated by epinephrine B) relies only on autonomic nerves C) is inhibited by oxytocin D) may occur in response to auditory cues
may occur in response to auditory cues
The last embryonic tissue layer to form is the ________. A) trophoblast B) endoderm C) ectoderm D) mesoderm
mesoderm
A ball of about eight cells formed about 50 to 60 hours after fertilization is called a(n) ________. A) zygote B) morula C) blastocyst D) embryo
morula
Those with testicular feminization syndrome have ________. A) an extra X chromosome B) a missing X chromosome C) an extra chromosome 23 D) no chromosomal number abnormalities
no chromosomal number abnormalities
The LH surge causes ________. A) menses B) ovulation C) endometrium build-up D) All of the choices are correct.
ovulation
Nitric oxide released by endothelial cells in vascular smooth muscle is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation, and therefore responsible for ________. A) reduced blood flow to bronchioles B) increased blood flow in placenta C) increased blood flow to the fetus D) penile erection
penile erection
The ________ is an "incomplete endocrine gland" because it cannot produce estrogen and progesterone without the aid of precursors supplied to it by both the mother and the fetus. A) ovary B) uterus C) placenta D) uterine tube
placenta
A stem cell that can give rise to all tissues except the trophoblast cells of the placenta is called ________. A) totipotent B) retropotent C) multipotent D) pluripotent
pluripotent
In the female menstrual cycle ________. A) ovulation is stimulated by decreasing concentrations of progesterone B) menstruation occurs during the last four days of the cycle C) progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH D) the luteal phase is characterized by high circulating concentrations of estrogens
progesterone secretion is stimulated by LH
Estradiol amounts rise during the ________ phase of the endometrial menstrual cycle. A) proliferative B) menstrual C) secretory D) follicular
proliferative
The first sign of puberty in females is ________. A) breast development B) menarche C) rapid longitudinal growth of the skeleton D) axillary hair growth
rapid longitudinal growth of the skeleton
After meiosis I in males, ________ are formed. A) primary spermatocytes B) secondary spermatocytes C) spermatids D) spermatozoa
secondary spermatocytes
The ________ phase of the endometrium is supported when the ovary is in the luteal phase. A) proliferative B) secretory C) menstrual D) ovulatory
secretory
About 60% of the volume of semen is produced by the ________. A) seminal vesicles B) prostate gland C) bulbourethral glands D) testes
seminal vesicles
Removal of the ________ would result in a lack of energy in the semen to support the sperm cells. A) seminal vesicles B) prostate C) testis D) epididymis
seminal vesicles
The majority of the testis is comprised of ________. A) Leydig cells B) interstitial cells C) Sertoli cells D) seminiferous tubules
seminiferous tubules
Estrogen may play a role in spermatogenesis, as evidenced by estrogen receptors found on developing ________. A) sperm cells B) testes C) uterine D) Leydig cells
sperm cells
Gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary will affect the gonads in all of the following ways EXCEPT ________. A) stimulation of spermatogenesis or oogenesis B) stimulation of gonadal hormone secretion C) suppression of sexual drive D) maintenance of gonad structures
suppression of sexual drive
Ovarian granulosa cells synthesize estradiol, which is produced by the theca interna cells from ________. A) FSH B) progesterone C) testosterone D) LH
testosterone
Spermatogenesis is regulated by ________. A) FSH B) testosterone and its derivatives C) growth hormone D) progesterone
testosterone and its derivatives
The calcium wave that prevents polyspermy also causes ________. A) the sperm to lose its tail B) the secondary oocyte to finish meiosis II C) mitosis to occur D) All of the choices are correct.
the secondary oocyte to finish meiosis II
The ability of a cell to give rise to an entire organism if implanted in a uterus is termed as ________. A) totipotent B) multipotent C) pluripotent D) reproductive cloning
totipotent
A follicle that does not complete development into a mature ovarian follicle will ________. A) rest until the next month B) continue meiosis C) become a primordial follicle D) undergo follicle atresia
undergo follicle atresia
The most successful method of contraception is ________. A) vasectomy B) oral contraceptives C) the rhythm method D) condom usage
vasectomy
A fertilized egg is called a(n) ________. A) autosome B) zygote C) ovum D) Barr body
zygote
A fertilized egg is called a(n) ________. A) zygote B) blastocyst C) morula D) embryo
zygote
