Human science

In what three ways are proteins important to the body

1) needed for tissue growth and repair 2) play a part in chemical reactions within cells 3) serve as a source of energy

*Epithelial Tissue *Connective tissue * Nervous Tissue *Muscle tissue

1- the tissue that lines the interior and exterior body service. 2- A type of tissue that provides support for the body. 3- Nerve impulse are transmitted though out the body. 4- Movements of the body are possible.

What is a calorie?

A calorie is thr amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Small intestine. Almost where all of the digestive enzymes enter the intestine. Pancreas

A pancreas is a gland that serves three functions. 1. To produce hormones that regulate the blood sugar levels. 2. Produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. 3. The pancreas also produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that quickly neutralizes stomach acid as chyme enters the duodenum.

Excretory system How does ammonia occur?

Ammonia, one of the most toxic of there waste compounds, is produced when the amino acids from proteins are used for energy.

Digestive system

Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum.

Respiratory system

Brings in oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removed excess carbon dioxide from the body. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs.

Cells Tissue Organs Organ system

Cell- A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. Tissue- A group of cells that perform a single function is called a tissue. Organs- A group of different types of tissue that work together to perform a single function or several related functions. Organ system- An organ system is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

Endocrine system

Controls growth, development, and metabolism. Maintains homeostasis. Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid. Pancreas, ovaries.

What occurs during digestion?

During digestion, food travels through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestines.

Kidneys- Nephrons.

Each kidney contains nearly a million individual processing units called nephrons. Most of the kidneys work takes place where the nephrons are.

Excretory system

Eliminates waste products from the body. Skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

What are two roles of the liver in maintaining homeostasis.

Eliminating waste products from the body.

The type of tissue that covers the body, likes internal surface and forms glands.

Epithelial tissue

A Tissue is a group of cells that perform a single function. What are the four major types of tissue in the human body?

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle tissue.

How is the human body organized?

Every cell in the human body is both an independent unit and an interdependent part of a larger community.

Fats help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and are a part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones.

Fats usually form when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids. Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Balanced diet provides nutrients in adequate amounts and enough energy for a person to maintain a healthful weight. How can food labels be hard to plan a balanced diet.

Food labels provide general information about nutrition as well as specific information about the product.

Integumentary system

Guards against infection and injury and ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Helps to regulate body temperature. Skin, hair, nails, sweat, and oil glands

Immune system

Helps protect the body from diseases. Collects fluid lost from blood vessels and return it to the circulatory system. White blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels.

Homeostasis means similar standing. What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis describes the relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain despite changes in internal and external environment.

Elimination/ diarrhea.

If not a lot or what is absorbed, a condition known as diarrhea occurs. If to much water is absorbed from the undigested materials, a condition known as constipation occurs.

Why is it important for an organism to maintain homeostasis

It is important for organisms to maintain homeostasis, because it is homeostasis that keeps the organisms strong, stable, and healthy.

Why does raw food matter?

It is used to bios and repair body tissue. •the nutrition that the body needs include water, car

The kidneys

Major organs of excretion. A pair of fist sized organs located on either side of the spinal column. The kidneys excrete the waste. Urine

Digestion: mechanical and chemical

Mechanical is the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into small pieces. Chemical are enzymes breaking down food into the small molecules the body can use.

Inorganic nutrients that your body needs, usually in small amounts are called

Minerals

How are nutrients absorbed and wastes eliminate? Villi

Most nutrients from good are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. The large intestine absorbs ware and several vitamins and prepares waste for elimination from the body. A villi are finger like projections that are covered with tiny projections known as microvilli.

Where do most of the products of carbohydrate and protein are absorbed?

Most of the products of carbohydrates and protein digestion are absorbed into the capillaries in the villi.

Which of the following is the basic functional unit in the kidney

Nephron

What prevents food from moving into the air passageways to the lungs?

Once food is chewed, the combined actions of the tongue and throat muscles push the clump of food called the bolus, down the throat. When you swallow, the bolus first enters the area at the back of the throat called pharynx

Filtration Glomerulus Bowman's capsule

Passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove waste is called FILTRATION.- takes place in glomerulus. GLOMERULUS is a small but dense network of capillaries encased in upper nephron. Bowman's capsule- hollow cupped shaper structure

The stomach is a large muscular lar sac that contains the chemical and mechanical digestion of good. Other glands release an enzyme called pepsin. What's pepsin

Pepsin breaks proteins into smaller polypeptide fragment.

Next is the esophagus. You might think that gravity draws food down through the esophagus, but it's not true.

Peristalsis provides force that moved food through the esophagus toward the stomach.

The liver

Plays many roles in excretion. The conservation of potentially dangerous nitrogen waste, a product of proteome breakdown, into less toxic urea.

Reproductive system

Produces gametes, in females, nurtures and protects developing embryo. Testes, epididymis, urethra, ovaries, penis.

Proteins They supply raw materials fit growth and repair structures of the skin.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids. The busy is able to synthesize only 12 of the 20 amino acids.

Reabsorption and Loop of Henle

Reabsorption- the process by which water and dissolved substance are taken back into the blood. Loop of Henle- responsible for conserving water and minimizing the volume of the filtrate.

Nervous system

Recognizes and coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external environments. Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Circulatory system

Supports the body. Protects internal organs. Allows movement, stores minerals. Contains cells that produce blood. Bones, Cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Inhibition and feedback inhibition

The act of blocking the action of. Feedback inhibition refers to a response that blocks further actions of a stimulus l.

The lungs

The blood transports carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration from the body cells to the lungs

How does the body regulates it's temperature.

The body regulates temperature by a mechanism that is remarkably similar to that of a home heating system.

After food passes, what goes into the stomach?

The cardiac sphincter closes

What are the functions of the digestive system?

The digestive system converts food into small molecules that can be used by the cells of the body.

The hypothalamus releases chemicals that signal muscles under the skin. What happens when the body temperature rises.

The hypothalamus slows down cellular activities to reduce heat production.

What is the process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environmentis called?

The process of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment is called homeostasis. Homeostasis is able to occur in our bodies with the help of another process called negative feedback

The mouth. * teeth *saliva

The teeth does the chemical work of digestion. Saliva helps moisten the food. Part of chemical digestion- amylase begins to break the chemical bongs in starches and forming sugar

What do all types of tissue have in common?

They are made of cells.

Kidney failure

When kidneys can no longer cleanse the blood and maintain a state of homeostasis in the body, a person is set to kidney failure.

Muscle system

Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movements. Helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive system. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle , cardiac muscle