Human Sexuality: TEST ONE

____% of TV shows contain sexual content ; about ____ sex scenes every hour. Example: Dream of Jeannie

- 70% - 5

BOOK NOTES | CHPT. 1 (SEXUALITY ACROSS TIME)

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BOOK NOTES | CHPT. 2 (Psychoanalytic Perspective)

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BOOK NOTES: CHPT. 3

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BOOK NOTES: CHPT. 4 (FEMALE ANATOMY)

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BOOK NOTES: CHPT. 5 (MALE ANATOMY)

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CLASS NOTES | CHPT. 2

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CLASS NOTES: CHPT 1

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CLASS NOTES: CHPT. 11

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CLASS NOTES: CHPT. 4

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CLASS NOTES: CHPT. 5

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CLASS NOTES| CHPT. 3

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ORAL: age range: conflict: characteristics: adult traits found:

0-1 yrs oral gratification; breast feeding sucking,biting, chewing agressive, dependence

* Penile Shaft: What are it's three structures ? ________ are the tiny spaces in the first structure that fill with blood during erection

1) corpora cavernoso: - lay on either side of the penis - harden during arousal - control angle of a males erection 2)corpus spongiosum: - decends down center of penis into glands - enlarges during erection, contributing to size 3) penile bulb: - round mass of erectile tissue at the base of penis - sinusoids

What are the TWO EXTREMES in relation to sexuality around the world.

1) inis beag 2) mangaia

What are the three criteria research use to evaluate abnormality?

1) involve using force ? 2) potential for serious harm ? 3) cause personal stress?

*Two glands provide (SEMEN) fluid that adds to sperm: 1) ____________ ________: - next to bladder - provide nutrients for sperm - 70% of ejaculate 2) __________ _________: -base of bladder - neutralize acidic nature of vagina - 30% of ejaculate T/F: Sperm is LESS than 1% of ejaculate _________________ = tail of sperm which propels it forward T/F: prostate cancer is the most common cancer among males ______________ = inflammation of prostate $ benign prostatic hyperplasia =

1) seminal vesicle 2) prostate gland TRUE TRUE flagellum prostatitis enlarged prostate; causes weak urine flow and high frequency.

ANAL: age range: conflict: characteristics: adult traits found:

1-3 yrs anal gratification; toilet training retaining, excreting feces obsessive, controling, messy, no comitment..

Avg. american spends __/__ of their time watching TV.

1/3

Most depictions of sex in media are misleading, unrealistic, and inaccurate. Only ___% of shows w/ sexual content address risk/ safe responsibilities.

14%

The G-Spot (grafenberg spot) Where is it located? T/F: sometimes more arousing than clitoral

2 inches inside the vagina on the front wall towards the abdomen TRUE

The Menstrual Cycle: The average cycle last a range of how many days? However, it could range any where between how many days? Regardless, ovulation occurs generally ____ days before cycle. Women have a range of how many cycles on averaged dure the entire reproductive yrs? T/F: Hormonal birth control pills sort of prevent menstraution.. people only have a withdrawl bleed that is lighter. The first period after stopping hormonal pills will be ____________ because it is a withdrawl bleed.

28- 30 days ; 20-40 days 14 days 300-450 TRUE lighter

Variations in Penis Size and shape Length of penis flaccid is typically how many inches? Erect? Only _____% of penis's are larger than 7 inches Circumference of penis flaccid is how many inches? Erect? Penis size is largely dependent on ___________. There is no way to permanently increase penis size other than surgery which is risky. However, what are some things men can do to give the illusion of a larger penis? T/F: For sexual partners the majority finds that size is important and that width is usually more important than length.

3-4 inches long ; 5-6 inches long 15% 3-4 inches ; 4-5 inches heredity excercise, lose weight, dont smoke, eat well.... cock rings/ vacuum pumps add a temporary increase. False; size is NOT important in most cases

PHALLIC age range: conflict: characteristics: adult traits found:

3-5 sexual curiosity attration to opp. sex, masturbation attention seeking, promiscuity

Symptoms of PMS (premenstrual syndrome): _____ - ______% of people who menstruate have PMS dysmenorrhea is what? Decribe primary dysmenorrhea symptoms. Secondary dysmenorrhea is ... List some treatments for PMS.

50-70% pain during menstruation typical pain associated w/ periods {cramps} untypical pain cause by other problems medication, hormonal contraception, treat cause of secondary dysmenorrhea, exercise {yoga} , diet changes (less sugar, salt, fat), heating pads, massage, orgasm.

LATENCY age range: conflict: characteristics: adult traits found:

6-puberty none calm, interested in non-sexual things none

Validity ?

Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure

Is everything related to sex normal and healthy? What do experts believe?

Human sexuality is diverse and sexual attitudes/behaviors exist on a continuum <--->

Hebrews: What type of sex was allowed? Desplayed the negative and positive sides to sex... what are they.

Only procreative, heterosexual sex within the context of marriage Negative : betrayal, jealousy, incest, and adultory Positive: important in love, "be fruitful and multiply"

What are the Four Stages of Development according to Freud?

Oral Anal Phallic latency

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (8/8) She focused on female sexuality and discovered 70% of women did not orgasm during intercourse yet were easily able to do so through masturbation and direct stimulation of the clitoris

Shere Hite

*Perineum

flat area between the vagina and anus ; sensitive

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (6/8) Who was Margaret Mead?

- Proponent of broadening our views of whats acceptable sexual behavior by showing how different cultures treated it - Contributed to the sexual revolution and feminist movement via her book : Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies

Why is sexuality in the United States contradictory and confusing.

- many sexual images in the media and despite this the US is still sexually repressive

Female Genital Cutting: Affects ______ -______ million people worldwide, primarily in Africa It is usually performed when, where, and by who? What is sunna? and what is it similar to? _________ is the complete removal of clitoral glans and sometimes the labia minora ___________ is the removal of clitoral glans , all labia minora, and part of labia majora. Labia majora is sewn shut besides a smale hole for urine and menses. _____% of female genital cutting are this type. What is the GOAL of female genital cutting? what are some complications?

80 - 120 puberty ; practitioners w/out formal medical training in unsterile environments Removale of the prepuce ; male circumcision excision infibulation controlling female sexuality... trouble urinating, menstruating, intercourse, hemorrhaging, infection, death

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (5/8) First comprehensive survey of sexual practices in the U.S Established institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction 2 Books: Sexual behavior in the human male Sexual Behavior in the Human female Challenged commonly held beliefs about womens sexuality {"women had no sex drive"} Criticisms: data collection was unethical

Alfred Kinsey

India and the Kama Sutra What is the Kama Sutra? Under hinduism, they have a third gender known as _________ that includes those who possess male and female sex characteristics, those who vary in gender expression, transgender, or intersex.

An illustrated guid of hundreds of sexual positions.. delivers pleasure to all genders Hijra

EVOLUTION: Until 1928, ________________ were our closet genetic relative. --> how were they described to be True/ False: The believed human beings are NOT genetically programed to behave sexually. In 1928, Ernst Schwarz said...humans are 98% identical to __________ --> how were they described to be The fact that human beings share close to 98% of their DNA w/ bonobo monkeys suggest what?

Chimpanzes --> very agressive (abuse females, kill babies, pull hair).. behavior rewarded bc it resulted in more offspring --> multiple female partners FALSE Bonobo's --> More loving - cuddling, kissing, staring in eyes --> Sex was a means of diffusing tension so it happened more frequently --> gender equality- females called shots and were respected --> similar to humans- female vulva towards front , homosexuality We have evolved to enjoy sex beyond just procreation.

What is Mangaia?

Extremely sexually permissive? - given techniques - females should be given multiple orgasms - sex b4 relationships is okay and recommended

What is Inis Beag? Describe some views.

Extremely sexually repressive view. - sex is evil - no to sex education - should be illegal - sex only for kids - females orgasm doesnt matter

Sex Research: The Basics T/F: NOT all research has a degree of bias T/F: social institutions influence the way we view sex and carry out research. In addition researchers often filter their findings based on what is socially acceptable at the time

FALSE TRUE

The Romans: T/F: they did NOT accept homosexual/ bisexual sex as normal T/F: sex outside of marriage was common and women often encouraged their husbands to partake in sex slaves of either gender to provide sexual release T/F: many sexual terms derived from the Romans

FALSE TRUE TRUE

The Christians: What ushered this new era of retrictions on sex ? T/F: sex was prohibited on certain days of the week (Lent, Advent, Easter) and while women were menstruating, pregnant, or nursing. Sex was only ment for ___________ and could only occur in what position? Corruptness and sexual affairs w/in the Church brought about what ? What did this do? Idealized _____________ ( sexual purity) and ___________ ( abstinence) What was the highest form of love?

Fall of the Roman and Greek Empires True procreation; missionary Protestant Reformation; set forth further restrictions (sin = masturbation, homosexuality, adulltery) that caried penalties like death Chastity .. celibacy Love of God

*The Clitoris: What is the most visible part of the clitoris? What is the corpus spongiosum and what is it responsible for? __________ ___________ = resides at the front of the vestibule where the inner labia meet (hint: covers the clitoris) The two corpora cavernosa is responsible for what? Inner structures: ________ = approx. 3 inches long and give the clitoris a wishbone structure. ____________ bulbs = curved masses beneath the ______. Responsible for erection. Helps to lengthen and stiffen the vagina during arousal

Glans It is erectile tissue inside the glans responsible for making the size of the clitoris expand during arousal clitoral hood making the clitoris erect during arousal

Hunter Gathers to Settled City-States : Describe hunter gathers views on sex? Describe sex in settled communities. Example settled community?Describe.

HG : - not tightly governed - rigid gender roles (women gathering, men hunting) Settled communities: - Believe sex can cause civil unrest - tightly regulated (nudity restricted, formalized marriages, sex outside of marriage frowned upon) Egyptian Culture -incorporated spirituality and their gods into sexual practices - love, incest, homosexuality, masturbation, necrophilia - femininity/ masculinity = ability to reproduce -masturbation= normal

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (2/8) Focused on social norms related to sexual activity and reported similar levels of sexual desire b/w men and women. Masturbation / same-sex behavior were NOT pathological ... healthy and productive Transgender behaviors = a common phenomenon distinct from homosexuality NAME THAT RESEARCHER...

Henry Havlock

Ethical concerns: all research w/ human participants at federally funded institutions must be approved by an _____ ________ __________ : study must be explained to participant before they agree to participate __________________ ______________: idea that participant must be allowed to withdraw at any time w/out penalty. helps to minimize harm/ distress _____________: idea that the person has the right to remain anonomous T/F: using deception must be justifiable and explained afterwards ___________: when you give participants info about the study after it is completed.

IRB informed consent voluntary participation anominity TRUE debriefing

What are the three structures of Psyche.. describe each .

Id- uncompromising pleasure component ; driven by instint and desire Ego- negotiation b/w id and superego; what we present to the world; delays gratification Superego- highly controlling; stive for perfection

* _________ = two pairs of skin that fold down and around the vulva _________ __________ = outer labia . Describe its characteristics. ________ _______ = inner labia. Describe its characteristics. What is labiaplast?

Labia labia majora - filled with fatty tissue -contains hair on the surface - darker labia minora -thin, hairless -only visible after parting outer labia -more sensitive to touch, vary in length cosmetic surgery that shortens the length of inner labia.

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (4/8) Birth control activist - how it infringed on womens rights Known for working around lower-class immigrant women Founded Planned Parenthool Wrote book Family Limitations Supported eugenics (selective breeding) Advocatef foor limiting fertilizations among those physically and mentally challenged

Margret Sanger

* The _________ = a thin layer of fat, functions as a cushion for females during sex -covered in hair to prevent bacteria and oder

Mons

What is cognitive theory? What is the most important sexual organ ? {example: Two men dont get an erection w their partner. One thinks he'll try again next time.. the other thinks he's broken...} What do cognitive therapist do?

Our thoughts influence how we feel and act. BRAIN help people change the way they interpret and evaluate sexual experiences.

Research Designs: Correlation designs illustrate what? --> though there may be an association, correlation is NOT necessarily _____________ Experimental designs illustrate? --> T/F: is the ONLY DESIGN that shows causation --> __________ variable used to describe the change in conditions related to the dependent. { physical reaction vs watching porn/ regular tv) --> Concerns ? ACCURACY is determined by what three concepts?

Predicts the strength of the relationship between two variables {violent porn & sexual assualt) --> causation how one thing impacts another --> TRUE --> independent --> accounting for all other variables validity, reliability, replicability

Sigmund Frued Developed what theory? What were the characteristics this theory expressed? T/F: Believed children were innately sexual and the early formative years had implications throughout the life course Mental energy came from __________ , which drives the id and is the energy we gather from survival and sexual instincts . T/F: believed women who orgasimed from clitoral stimulation were immature. Which lead to decades of misinformation about women's sexuality.

Psychoanalytic theory; psychology as a science TRUE libido TRUE

Describe the two stages of ejaculation .

Stage 1: epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate empty fluid into urethral bulb closing off the bladder Stage 2: contractions squeeze the urethral bulb and propel ejaculate out (1 to 2 tsp.)

What is a set of assumptions/ principles that help us organize and interpret information about a phenomena?

THEORY

TRUE/FALSE: There is a world of diversity between the two extremes of inis beag and mangaia

TRUE

True / False: Sexuality is uniquely human

TRUE

* Anus: T/F: made of internal and external shincter muscles that control excretion ___________ sphincter is not voluntary and requires time to open slowly ; the ___________ sphincter is voluntary

TRUE Internal, External

Variations in vulvas: T/F: vulvas can change shape and color over the menstrual cycle and across the lifespan What about the clitorus may be determined if a women experiences sexual dysfunction.

TRUE may be smaller and farther away from the vaginal opening making it harder to orgasm during intercourse

The Greeks: True/False: Greeks were much more permissive than Hebrews or Christians Describe their views They were the ONLY civilizations in western history to institutionalize what ? It did so through what ? What was the upmost form of love superior to platonic love?

TRUE .. sex was interwoven w/ mythology (sexual misconduct, intermarriage, polygamy, murder) difference between love and sex; one didnt have to co-exist with the other Homosexuality by means of pederasty ( boy gets guidance from older man in exchange for sex) male-to-male non-sexual love

Islam: T/F: Islam had a positive view on sex ____________ (multiple wives) was valued; however ___________________________ was sinful T/F: double-standards for women did not exist even though it was a male dominated religion What may result in being killed? was encouraged because sex was primarily for ____________ and secondarily for ____________.

TRUE.. Muhammad believed intercourse in marriage attained the hight good polygny... sex outside of marriage FALSE Adultery pleasure; reproduction

* The Oviducts (Fallopian Tubes): What are they? They are lined with ______: tiny hairlike structures that function to push ovum towards uterus Fimbria ? $: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when ?

Two symmetrical branches that form a pathway between the uterus and ovaries. cilia flared opening w/ fingerlike extensions at the end of the fallopian tubes (oviducts) closest to the ovaries. Sweep ovum into the fallopian tubes When ovum implants on lining of fallopian tube instead of the endometrial lining of the uterus

* ____________ = a broad ligament in the abdominal cavity in a horizontal position, slanted slightly forward What are its three layers?

UTERUS 1) endometrium = innermost layer, helps transport sperm towards site of fertilization and provide nutrience for inplanted embryo 2) myometruim= middle layer, muscular wall that contracts during labor, orgasm, menstruation 3) perimetrium= outer covering separating uterus from pelvic cavity

Ice Berg: Most of our personality lies in the ____________ or below the surface. _______________ = where things get negotiated w/out us deliberately doing so ________________= what we present to the world

Unconscious Preconscious Conscious

* Cervix connects what ? ______________ ____ = portion of cervix that connects the vagina w/ cervical canal What is the most leading cause of cervical cancer? Has it declined? If so by how much due to what?

Uterus to the vagina cervical os Human Pappillomavirus (HPV) 50% due to pap tests and vaccines removal of uterus

Reliability

ability for a measurement to produce similar results over tme

What is response bias? Type of bias in sex studies when participants may report behaviors more socially desirable {example: underestimating # of sex partners}

any thought process that might influence a particiant to resond less than truthfully Social Desirability Bias

*What is the Vestibule ?

area containing the vaginal opening, urethral opening, and the clitoris

Per-ejaculatory fluid (pre-cum) occurs when ? T/F: Pre-cum does NOT contain sperm or transmit STI'S

arousal is high and fluid from (bulborethral glands) cowper's glands lubercates the urethra neutralizing acidic urine. FALSE; it may

*Urethra: Where is it what does it do? What is a Urinary track infection (UTI) ? Likely causes? Whats another name for it?

between the vaginal opening and the clitoris; execrete bladder When E.Coli bacteria invade the urethra and bladder causing painful urination. Frequent Intercourse / Anal Cystitis

Female reproductive malfunctions: _____________ = most common cancer of femal reproductive organs. Treatment is removal of uterus, oviducts, ovaries, and chemotherapy What are fibroids? Where do they grow? Treatment? This is the growing of endometrial tissue in abnormal places This is downward sagging of the uterus into the vagina caused by weakening of ligaments that support it

endometrial cancer tumors of smooth muscle all three surfaces of the uterus Removal or hysterectomy (removal of uterus) endometriosis prolapse

Research Methods: ____________ research: shows how one variable impacts another ________________ research: is a broad methodology that provides an in-depth understanding of a topic or issue. {open-ended surveys, interviews, focus groups} ___________ research: things are measurable, knowable, and quantifiable. Which of the three are often used to represent a populations attitudes about topics related to sex?

experimental Qualitative Quantitative Quantitative

* The Ovaries: These two round structures are considered _______ b/c they produce ova and sex hormones . It contains a # of follicles and inside each follicle is an _____________ ( egg cell). Each baring an ______ chromosome Also contain theca and granuloso cells which produce what? What is ovulation? $: What does the follicle that has released its ova become ?

gonads Ovum . X sex steroids When one follicle ripens and releases an ovum into the fallopian tubes (oviducts) corpus luteum

* Where are the glans? ____________ : rim of tissue encircling the glans ___________: section of the corona that moves closer to the tip of the penis on the underside. T/F: these three structures are NOT the most sensitive of the penis

head of the penis; on top of penile shaft corona frenulum FALSE

Feminist and Queer Theories: Feminist theory examines? What does queer theory challenge?... " gender is a _________ construct, not innate and not binary"

how gender operates in our society and how power is used to oppress/ create or maintain inequalities Normative assumptions about the nature of gender and sexuality ; social

The sociological perspective focuses on ? What are some examples of social influences? T/F: these things are often interrelated and influence each other What is the Social Learning Theory? What determines whether we continue imitating ? {example: freshman boy flirting like senior boy} What is the Social Script Theory? {example: hookup social script) T/F: these things are rarely critically examined even if they are unhelpful, hurtful, etc.

how other people/society influence sexual attitudes and behavior medicine, religion, media, law, fashion, politics..etc, ; TRUE We learn through identifying and imitating other people... whether we are reinforced or punished for it. Idea every one is governed by social scripts (set of rules/ norms/ expectations about particular events, etc) that are usually learned through observation... TRUE

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (7/8) What are William Masters and Virginia Johnson known for ? What did they focus their treatments on

illustrating what happens in our bodies during sexual intercourse through observing people in various sexual acts sexual dysfunctions

* Production of Sperm : Requires a (high or low) temperature ? Describe the size of the left testicle in comparison to the right. This muscle moves testes closer or farther from the body to regulate temperature? T/F: high fever can lower sperm production How many days does sperm formation take ? How often is the sperm count replineshed? how much does it make ? ________________________________ is the process in which men are always producing sperm

low left testicle is higher up, but the right is larger cremaster muscle TRUE 72 days; every 24 hours (about 130 million each day) spermatogenesis

Study: Sexual Frequency Enhance Happiness.. they found that ?

made the couples studied LESS happy ; took the fun out of it.

* What is the scrotum?

male external genitalia that contains two testicles

*Vagina: What is the hymen? .. T/F it comes in a variety of shapes and sizes, w/ at least one opening for exit of menstrual blood What is an imperforate hymen? The vaginal canal provides what 2 things? how far does it extend. Describe the 3 layers of the Vagina? T/F: the vagina is self cleaning by discharge Candida albicans is .... and can lead to __________ which is aka candidiasis

membranous fold of skin covering vaginal opening in newborns when hymen completely covers opening and will have to be surgically opened at puberty A birth canal for a fetus and a area to transport sperm up through the uterus into the oviducts (2-4 inches) 1) mucosa= intermost layer; produces lubrication 2) intermediate muscular layer= tightens to wrap tightly around the penis during coitus (piv sex) 3)outer most= tough, most sexually erotic TRUE The fungus that is produced when the vaginas natural microbes over grow ... yeast infection

Sexuality in media leads men to expect ____________ and women to expect ____________.

men ---> more variety women --> sex earlier

* Some important penis structures: What are seminiferous tubules? Examples? ______________ = long tube that sits on top of testicles where sperm continue maturation and form a thick paste w/ other sperm after migrating from the lumen. 20ft long uncouiled. --> how long do they stay here? _______ ___________ = tube that carries sperm from testicles to ejaculatory ducts.

microscopic tubes in testes where sperm is produced and stored {lumen} epididymis --> about a week vas deferens

The Vulva is the external female genitalia and it consist of what five things? T/F: the vulva is NOT the vagina, the vagina is a seperate internal structure

mons, outer labia, inner labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening TRUE

Methods used to collect data: This method you directly watch and/or record behavior of interest Strengths? Concerns?

observational accuracy , physiological measurements possible {thermography, penile strain gauge, fmri, vaginal photoplethysmograph} increased volunteer bias, generalization, expensive, time consuming, ethical issues

What is the behavioral theory? How does this theory believe sexuality and gender roles were developed? Type of conditioning is learning due to reinforcement or punishment {example: try oral, you like it, so you do it again} Type of conditioning is when a neutral stimulus is paired with one that causes a reaction, until they become linked. Later the neutral stimulus alone will cause the reaction. {example: watching shoes in the closet while masturbating.. shoes make you want to masturbate} This type of therapy reduces frequency of maladaptive behavior by associating it w/ unpleasant stimuli. Is it effective?

only things OBSERVABLE should be studied through learning operant conditioning classical conditioning aversion therapy; NO

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (1/8) - Sex is primarily for __________ and recreational sex could be linked to a __________ in the sex drive - sadism vs. masochism - Judges used his work to determine what? NAME THAT RESEARCHER ...

procreation; perversion pleasure from inflicting pain, pleasure from recieving pain mental state of people involved in sex crimes RICHARD VON KRAFFT EBING

This is a pelvic floor muscle that contracts during sex and helps stiffen the walls of the vagina making them more sensitive . - increases chance of pregnancy -prevents urine from escaping What type of exercises help strengthn it?

pubococcygeus Kegel exercises

What is ethnocentrism?

regarding one's own ethnic group as superior; your cultures norms = standard to judge others

Replicability?

research that can be repeated, and thus verified, by other researchers later

Collecting Data: ____________ : selecting members of the population to be in your study. Must be representative and as much like the population as possible. What is the best way to select a sample? T/F: most samples in sexuality research are limited ... why or why not. _________ __________ : occurs when a sample is not truly random because it relies on volunteers.

sampling randomly True - ppl who agree to participate are usually more permisive about sex, more experienced, more likely men, liberal, college students. Volunteer bias

* Bartholin's glands $: Paraurethral glands

secrete alkaline fluid into the vagina prior to orgasm between front wall of the vagina and urethra... releases a fluid into the urethra. This combined with some urine make up female ejaculation

Methods used to collect data: (1) This method ask participants directly about their sexual thoughts, feelings, values, and/or behaviors. {example: questionaires & interviews} What are the strengths of this method? What are 5 design concerns about this method. What are 3 participant concerns

self report cheap, efficient, can study things unobservable like sex, access to hard to study groups via internet surveys 1) limited choices {fantasy checklist} 2) ambiguous questions - terminology hard to read (should be middle school level) 3) wording of question can influence responses 4) order of questions {do you aprove of cheating? have you cheated? } 5) People can only answer what we ask and what we ask are influence by our biases 1) purposeful distortions/lying (enlargements and concealments 2) bad memory 3) bad with estimates

What is sexuality?

sexual attitudes, feelings, and behaviors

Prominent Figures in Sex Research: (3/8) MAGNUS HIRSCHFELD One of the first advocates for who? Founded the __________ ______________ __________ (SHC) which focused on homosexual and trandsgender rights. T/F: she believed homosexuality was a natural and made 64 types of sexual id. established what two things? T/F: argued against women's rights by fighting the League for the Protection of Mothers

social minorities Scientific Humanitarian Committiee TRUE First Congress on Sexual Reform World League for sexual reform False

* Testicles (male gonads) What 2 things do they produce?

sperm and sex steroids

What is a convience sample? It's challenges?

surveys distributed through an already established network results heavily influence by ppl that are readily accessible

Evolutionary Perspective: attempts to bridge natural and social sciencs by examining what? _________ __________ - he discovered natural selection and that psychology would be based on evolution. __________ _________ - he discovered the evolution of human sexuality .. patterns of mating, orgasm, anatomy, homosexuality and rape Our choices in mate selection advance the species because we what? ___________ __________ - discovered idea of facial symmetry and body shappe as an important component of attraction. T/F: There is abundant imformation on how non-herterosexual mating practices are influenced by adaptive mechanisms What are the criticisms of the evolutionary perspective?

the modern psyche from an evolutionary perspective Charles Darwin Donald Symons choose optimal mates that revolve around youth, beauty, fertility, strength,etc. Rhodes Simmons FALSE (limited) doesn't explain sexual practices not associated with mating and many of them are not related to reproduction; hard to test

Penile Circumcision: What is it? Worldwide, only around _____% of penises are circumcised- # varies dramatically in different places _____% of infants are cirmumcised in the U.S... T/F: This number is increasing. What do supporters of the anti-circumcision movement believe? What is AAP's belief on circumcision?

the surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis 30% 77% , FALSE decreasing Circumcision doesn't provide major medical benefits, reduces penile sensitivity, and does not promote bodily autonomy (make your own decision about your body) lowers risk of penile cancer, urinary infections in infants, HIV, herpes, HPV, Syphilis.... benefits out weigh the risk and insurance should cover it so that the decision is left up to the parents.