Humanities Module 3: The Renaissance Period

The press is invented in Europe in _______

1450

where Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation when he nailed his __ Theses to the door of the church

95

During the Renaissance, the glorification of God and the Church that was so prevalent in the Middle Ages was supplemented by themes of learning, politics, literature, art, social life, and music (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

A. Rebirth of Classicism

The Age of Exploration (also called the ______ ____ ________________) from the early fifteenth to the early seventeenth centuries is named for the European maritime exploration that changed the world.

Age of Discovery

A concept, theme, or idea is manifested in a physical way

Allegory

Marlowe used what Renaissance technique

Allegory

One of the themes of the Classical Period that experienced a resurgence during the Renaissance, this idea celebrated the intellectual contributions made by all human cultures. (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

B. Humanism

Who wrote The Courtier?

Baldassare Castiglione

As you learned in the previous sections, humanism was a source of inspiration and a significant theme during the Renaissance. How did this major theme affect the development of other themes during this time period? Select one theme from this time period and discuss how it was influenced by the theme of humanism.

Because humanism valued rational thought and education, the theme of humanism contributed to scientific advances in a major way and influenced the themes of Rationalism and Scientific Expansion during the Renaissance. The spirit of curiosity, experimentation, and objectivity humanism embodied nurtured the development of European science. Humanism's emphasis on open-minded inquiry guided by empirical evidence (rather than by preconceived ideas) was one of its most significant contributions to science. Renaissance humanists inspired several groundbreaking developments in areas such as transportation, medicine, and warfare.

Which is poetry written in a metered fashion, typically iambic pentameter, but which does not rhyme

Blank verse

________ believed "the whole glory of man lies in activity."

Bruni

One of the most important ideals that defined humanism and the Renaissance was the power of the human brain to study, learn, and understand the world. (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

C. Rationalism

_______________ uses Renaissance dialogue, a literary form that incorporates elements of drama, conversation, philosophy, and essay.

Castiglione

The creation of the illusion of depth through gradations of light and shade

Chiaroscuro

Who wrote Doctor Faustus

Christopher Marlowe

The cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on Greek and Roman classic literature, that emphasized the dignity, worth, and rationality of humankind.

Classical humanism

A major part of this theme is epistemology or the study of knowledge and belief. Thanks to epistemology, more people sought knowledge for personal fulfillment, and the need for trained professionals in society grew. (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

D. Expansion of University

A form of language which is particular to a group of people, such as those belonging to a region or social class

Dialect

This play strongly reflects Reformation beliefs.

Doctor Faustus

What play had these themes? The Quest for Knowledge; Sin; Protestant Influence

Doctor Faustus

Rather than defer to God, men and women of the Renaissance preferred to craft their own identities and celebrate their differences on a philosophical level. (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

E. Individualism

The study of thinking

Epistemology

Who wrote In Praise of Folly, a satirical essay that criticized corruption and abuses of Catholic doctrine in parts of the Roman Catholic Church

Erasmus

The religious movement of the 16th century that sought to reform the Catholic Church that resulted in the creation of the Protestant Church. (Choose one) A. Rebirth of Classicism B. Humanism C. Rationalism D. Expansion of University E. Individualism F. Reformation

F. Reformation

According to Machiavelli, _______ is "supported by the dread of pain, which is ever present."

Fear

A character used to emphasize and highlight the qualities or features of the protagonist or other characters by projecting the opposite qualities or features.

Foils

What play had these themes? Mirroring; Cycle of Violence; Suicide; Humanism and Truth

Hamlet

This play explores death as a theme in a very different way than the ancient Greeks and Romans did.

Hamlet Hamlet explores the nobility of suffering through life or committing suicide, and is afraid of the unknown that comes after death. Classical dramatists felt very sure of what comes after death, and characters seldom hesitated to commit suicide.

A challenge to or rejection of the orthodox doctrines of a religion or church

Heresy

Body of philosophical thought that valued the dignity and worth of humans.

Humanism

The study of the creative and intellectual contributions of all human cultures.

Humanism

Opposing or even destroying images, especially those set up for religious veneration in the belief that such images represent idol worship.

Iconoclasm

Is that which separates one unique person from another, as well as the social and philosophical viewpoint that celebrates that difference.

Individualism

The Prince was originally written in ______.

Italian

The creation of the illusion of depth based on the fact that parallel lines or edges appear to converge, and objects appear smaller as the distance between them and a viewer decreases

Linear perspective

Who wrote The Prince?

Machiavelli

Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem; also popular in England.

Madrigal

The divine guarantee that the pope's official statements of doctrine regarding faith and morals are free from error

Papal infallibility

A common, non-poetic speech

Prose

Renaissance humanists agreed with the Greek philosopher _____________, who affirmed that "man is the _________ of all things"

Protagoras, measure

A religious movement of the 16th century to reform the Roman Catholic Church that resulted in the creation of the Protestant churches

Protestant Reformation

The most historically significant religious development of the Renaissance was the ________________ _______________

Protestant Reformation

Classical humanism stressed the individual's role in the social and political order by emphasizing respect for ______ duty.

Public

A point of view that emphasizes the role of reason, over the senses, in gaining knowledge

Rationalism

The thought and formation of judgements based on a logical process

Reason

Was the central theme surrounding works with political or social commentary.

Reason

One of the most prominent artists of the Renaissance Era was Leonardo da Vinci, who history has proclaimed to be the quintessential _______________ _______

Renaissance Man

This term refers to someone who has multiple talents in various disciplines, who has mastered classical and contemporary languages and feels at home in various cultures

Renaissance Man

One of the five disciplines of the humanities, the study of persuasive speech

Rhetoric

The process of fashioning one's individual sense of self and public persona according to a set of socially acceptable standards

Self-fashioning

Shakespeare used what Renaissance technique

Soliloquy

Where a character speaks aloud to themselves, thus cluing the audience into their thoughts

Soliloquy

The major themes touched upon in this work were Individualism and Self-Fashioning.

The Courtier Castiglione used his work to address how one can fashion his or her own persona based on a set of socially accepted standards

In this work by Castiglione, a group of attendees at the court of Duke Urbino compete with each other to describe desirable personal qualities.

The Courtier The Courtier, a group debates the nature of men and women, love, nobility, humor and all the ways in which a courtier is supposed to embody these qualities.

This work utilizes the technique of a Renaissance dialogue, a literary form that incorporates elements of drama, conversation, philosophy, and essay.

The Courtier The Courtier uses Renaissance dialogue as a storytelling technique.

______ _________ is a political treatise, written in simple prose and with straightforward logic.

The Prince

This political treatise was dedicated to Lorenzo de'Medici in the hopes that he would rise to restore Italy to its previous honor and pride.

The Prince Machiavelli dedicated The Prince to Lorenzo de Medici in the hopes that his readers and Medici himself would be convinced that Medici was the one who could restore honor and pride to Italy.

One of the major themes addressed in this work was the importance of the political state over the religious state.

The Prince Machiavelli emphasized the importance of a political state over the religious state that was ruling Italy at the time.

The most important part of this treatise is the chapter in which Machiavelli reinforces the distinction between being a good person and pretending to be a good person.

The Prince Machiavelli stresses in Chapter 18 of The Prince that pretending to be a good person can be more important than actually being a good person.

Renaissance humanists believed in education for the ________ person.

Whole

Who wrote Hamlet

William Shakespeare

The phrase "To be, or not to be: that is the question" is from which of the following plays? a) Hamlet b) Romeo and Juliet c) Othello d) Henry V

a) Hamlet

Which of the following is a work from the Renaissance Period? a) The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli b) Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift c) The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer d) Moby Dick by Herman Melville

a) The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli

Historians generally consider the Renaissance to be a cultural and intellectual bridge between which two eras? a) the Middle Ages and the modern era b) the Classical Period and the Middle Ages c) the Baroque Period and the modern era d) None of the above

a) the Middle Ages and the modern era

The Renaissance triggered the rise of ______ literature that reflected the everyday life of the period. a) vernacular b) Latin c) Christian d) realist

a) vernacular

Which of the following is considered to be one of Michelangelo's masterpieces? a. the statue of David b. Sacrifice of Issac c. Mona Lisa d. Young Hare

a. the statue of David

Renaissance humanism encouraged the individual to engage with the world ("The whole glory of man lies in ___________")

activity

Renaissance painting, sculpture, and architecture departed from medieval traditions and reflected the merging of ______ and __________

art, science.

Who initiated the Protestant Reformation? a) Leonardo da Vinci b) Martin Luther c) Michelangelo d) Niccolò Machiavelli

b) Martin Luther

What was the principal force for change in Renaissance religion? a) heresy b) reform movements c) Greek Polytheism d) the Pope

b) reform movements

Renaissance theater differed from medieval theater in that a. Morality no longer played any role in the plot. b. Actors were largely professional c. Acting troupes generally performed in only one location. d. Comedies were no longer performed regularly.

b. Actors were largely professional

The European maritime exploration that took place during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries is referred to as the ___________. a. Age of Expansion b. Age of Exploration c. Age of Enchantment

b. Age of Exploration

Someone who has multiple talents in various disciplines is known as a(n) _________. a. Vitruvian man b. Renaissance man c. artist d. Western man

b. Renaissance man

In 1517 Martin Luther made public his objection to which of the following? a. The common practice of "self-fashioning" b. The Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences c. The rebirth of classicism d. Gothic art and architecture

b. The Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences

In addition to being a playwright, Shakespeare was also? a. a poet and novelist b. a poet and actor c. an actor and professional philosopher d. a novelist and acting company manager

b. a poet and actor

What helped Renaissance artists develop perspective? a. the ability to copy Classical works b. the use of mathematics and optics c. the study of Classical treatises on art

b. the use of mathematics and optics

The Renaissance revived a) classical Chinese and Japanese culture b) Roman militarism c) classical Greek and Roman culture d) Arabian culture

c) classical Greek and Roman culture

The French word "renaissance" means a) appraisal b) renew c) rebirth d) reinvent

c) rebirth

Which of the following statements best illustrates Renaissance humanism stress on engagement with the world? a. "Man is the measure of all things." b. "Men can do all things if they will." c. "The whole glory of man lies in activity." d. "The ends justify the means."

c. "The whole glory of man lies in activity."

Early Renaissance humanists believe that a general education in the Humanities would benefit the community in which of the following ways? a. The government could profit by charging citizens for classes. b. Citizens would be willing to pay more for art. c. General education in the Humanities would create better citizens.

c. General education in the Humanities would create better citizens.

What made someone the "ideal Renaissance person"? a. He or she could sing or play an instrument b. He or she could paint or sculpt. c. He or she could speak several languages and had lived in a variety of places.

c. He or she could speak several languages and had lived in a variety of places.

Renaissance playwrights borrowed which structure from Classical drama? a. character types b. set design c. five acts d.prologue and epilogue

c. five acts

Dürer's participation in the Protestant Reformation influenced his art in which way? a. giving him a growing appreciation for economics and philosophy b. focusing his art on ceremony and ritual c. focusing his art on the private relationship between humans and God

c. focusing his art on the private relationship between humans and God

The classical values that influenced the Renaissance are ________. a. reason, rationalism, and scientific expansion b. beauty, goodness, and truth c. humanism, reason, rationalism, scientific expansion, and balance d. humanism

c. humanism, reason, rationalism, scientific expansion, and balance

Epistemology is the study of _____________. a. psychology and music b. writing and rhetoric c. knowledge and thinking d. religion and science

c. knowledge and thinking

Today we might call someone a Renaissance man or woman if we mean that he or she __________. a. knows a lot about Renaissance art and architecture b. is an exceptional multi-instrumentalist c. knows a lot about many different subjects and is capable of excelling at them

c. knows a lot about many different subjects and is capable of excelling at them

Which medium of art was particularly popular during the period? a. tempura b. watercolors c. oil paints d. pastel

c. oil paints

During the Renaissance, the roles of female characters in Shakespeare's plays were played by ________. a. old men b. peasant women c. young boys d. kings

c. young boys

Italian Renaissance theater saw the rise of productions called _____________ _____________ which were improvisational sketches or stock scenes presented on temporary stages by troupes of actors who traveled across Europe.

commedia dell'arte

Which of the following figures from the Renaissance worked in sculpture? a) Boccaccio b) Rabelais c) Machiavelli d) Michelangelo

d) Michelangelo

Art of the Protestant Reformation stressed which of the following aspects or qualities? a. Alchemy and astrology b. Extreme extravagance and overindulgence c. Idolatry and faith d. Simplicity and piety

d. Simplicity and piety

Niccolò Machiavelli wrote The Prince, a treatise on _________. a. how to start a business b. the importance of grammar c. the importance of scientific expansion d. how to govern

d. how to govern

Classical humanism emphasized the worth, ________, and rationality of ______

dignity, man

Artists painstakingly studied human anatomy and how the human eye perceives __________ and __________

distance, space

One of the most significant ideas to emerge from the Renaissance is the value of ______________

education

The Renaissance featured a revival of classical art, literature, philosophy, architecture, and learning and an emphasis on ____________

humanism

Two of the innovations in Renaissance art were the widespread use of _____ painting as a medium and the development of mathematical or _________ perspective in painting.

oil, linear

The French word "renaissance" means _________ and is now a popular term used to describe the historical period roughly from the late 13th to the early ______ century.

rebirth, 17th

language, such as dialect, blank verse, and prose, was used to differentiate between _________ __________

social classes

Vanishing points

the points to which parallel lines appear to recede