Humanity 1301

-Lived a nomadic life of hunting and gathering -were painted on rocks from 2000 B.C.E. to today by Aboriginals -Is characterized by the depiction of bones, internal organs, muscle, fat and other physical details with the outlines of the bodies -Food animals were depicted

"X-ray Style" animal painting at Arnhem Land, Australia

Disruptive Behavior may result in student being dismissed from class and possibly dropped from enrollment for the remainder of the semester. Students who are dismissed will be counted absent. See Absentee and Tardiness Policy. -Individual who makes threats of physical harm to himself/herself or others -an individual who has a weapon (see concealed carry information for exceptions) -an individual who behaves in a bizarre manner or exhibits unstable behavior patterns -An individual who appears to be intoxicated or under the influence of a controlled substance -an individual who uses offensive language, including but not limited to, profanity, slurs against another person's race, religion, physically abilities or sexual orientation and sexual harassment -any behavior that distracts attention from the class purpose

Classroom Behavior Policy

This is the critical moment in the hero's journey in which there is often the final battle with a monster, wizard or warrior which facilitates the particular resolution of the adventure

Climax/ The final battle

Upon reaching the threshold of adventure, the hero must undergo some sort of ordeal in order to pass from everyday world into the world of adventure. This trial may be as painless as entering a dark cave or as violent as being swallowed up by a whale. The important feature is the contrast between the familiar of light and the dark unknown world of adventure. (May also include a journey, possibly in a container [womb symbol]) to a new life [symbolic rebirth].)

Crossing threshold

Technology or tools, and special skills that give rise to trade; laws for the regulation of society; governmental culture is transmitted. (Science, art, technology, architecture, math, laws, literature, and etc.)

Culture

In 3000 years ago, people of ancient Mesopotamia were using a type of writing called C characterized by wedge-shaped characters -To keep agricultural records -Begin as a system of symbolic pictures -Writing in Persian, Assyrian and Sumerian

Cuneiform

Symbolize that the hero now belongs to the world

Death of one or both parents

Omens, portends, prophecies that signal future events

Divine signs

-The prophet Zoroaster or Zarathustra (c. 600 B.C.E) developed DR or one that is based on two opposing ideas -Two forces, light and darkness, good and evil, contended for supremacy -Some of the ideas from the Zoroastrian religion influenced christianity later in writings of St. Augustine

Dualistic Religion

literally a cure for an illness but symbolically may be a cure for a social/political wrong

Elixir

The object, knowledge, or blessing that the hero acquired during the adventure is now put to use in the everyday world. Often it has a restorative or healing function, but it also serves to define the hero's role in society

Elixir #2

-Copying from others on a quiz, test, examination or assignment (cheating) -Allowing another student to copy one's work on a quiz, test, exams or assignment -Having others take any exam instead of taking the exam oneself; -Buying or using a term paper or research paper from an internet source or other company or taking any work of another, even with permission and presenting the work as one's own -Excessive revising or editing by another that substantially alters the student's final work -Giving other student's information that allows the student an undeserved advantage on a exam, such as telling a peer what to expect on a make-up exams or prepping a student for a test in another section of the same class -Taking and using the words, work, or ideas of others and presenting any of these as one's own work is plagiarism. This applies to all work generated by another, whether it be oral, written, or artistic work. -Plagiarism may either be deliberate or unintentional, but it ,must be avoided at all costs

Example of Academic Dishonesty

the culmination of the hero's quest and achievement of his/her goal

Final Battle

the last phase of the hero's journey that occurs after the final battle and ends with the hero's return to the normal world

Flight

After accomplishing the mission, the hero must return to the threshold of adventure and prepare for a return to the everyday world. If the hero has angered the opposing forces by stealing the elixir freely, the flight may be a benign stage of the journey.

Flight #2

Sumer's most important king, ruled Uruk (City-State). Each Sumerian city-state had it own local ruler and god. The king served as an intermediary between the local god and the people. Clustered around the God's temple. -c. 2800-2700 B.C.E Location: between Tigris / Euphrates rivers Mesopotamia ya -The king claimed himself God

Gilagamesh

-mid-third millennium B.C.E -Fourth Dynasty -The three pyramids are of the pharaohs Cheops (2530 BCE), Chefren (2500 BCE) and Mycerinus (2470 BCE). Extraordinary accomplishments of engineering, accommodating the Egyptian need for permanence -Most geometric form except for the cones are built of solid limestone masonry, the blocks cut with metal tools in the eastern nile cliffs, marked by the masons with red ink to indicate location, floated across the river during the seasonal floods, dragged up temporary ramps and moved into their final position -Used no cement, instead of huge stone -Mathematical (Egyptian) precision, their corners oriented north, south, east and west. -The width at the base to the height of each pyramid is 11 to 7 -largest and oldest is Cheops' contains 2,300,000 blocks each averaging 2 1/2 tons and covers 13 acres polished pearly white limestone, Cairo Egypt

Great Pyramids of Giza

The hero is often accompanied on the journey by a helper (or helpers) who assists in the series of tests and generally serves as a loyal companion. Alternately, the hero may encounter a supernatural helper in the world of adventure who fulfills this function

Helpers

During the early stages of the journey, the hero will often receive aid from a protective figure (parent substitute)*. This supernatural (in modern myth, may not be supernatural)* helper can take a wide variety of forms, such as wizard, and old man, a dwarf, a crone or a fairy godmother. The helper commonly gives the hero a protective amulet or a weapon (or special knowledge/confidence)* for the journey.

Helpers/Amulet

necessary when the future hero's safety is threatened

Hiding of the child

-Ancient Egyptians used pictographic writing -For centuries, scholars thought that the 'glyphs' used in _______ represented complete ideas rather than units of sound. -The meaning of the word remains unknown

Hieroglyphics

The hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons (benefit, blessing, assistance, or other positive result)*on his fellow man.

Home

-Between 9th and 7th centuries B.C.E., stone guardians placed at gateways were Assyrian style -The composite creatures combine the body of a lion, wings of a bird and head of a man -has five legs -A great Quantity of stylized carefully incised ornament encrusts the surface; the love of surface pattern seen here is typically Assyrian -Year: 883-859 B.C.E, Neo-Assyrian period, reign of Ashurnasirpal II from palace, Nimrud, gypsum alabaster -Height: 10' 3 1/2 Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY

Human-Headed Winged Lion

-The goddess of heaven, earth, love, fertility, and war -Sumerian Goddess -A mythology

Hymn to Inanna

-By combining pictograms like these with others, more complex ideas -The bird next to an egg symbolized fertility -The crossed line symbolized hatred or enmity. -The Parallel line symbolized Friendship

Ideograms

an event or task that gains the novice entrance to the hero's world to adventure

Initiation

Students who are absent more than two weeks of class, cumulatively (six days for MWF and four days for TR classes) will automatically earn a grade of F for the course and will be blocked from the course blackboard page

Instructor's attendance policy

-Were husband and wife (King and Queen) and have three daughters -eighteenth century under the rule of Akhenaten IV -1352-1336 BCE -He moved the capital from Thebes to tell el-Amarna; closed the Amen temples; replaced the sun god Amen-Ra with the sun disk, Aten - Wanted his people to worship one god (Sun) -portrayed as if they (daughters) Are miniature adults. he kisses one of his children, a rare display of affection in Egyptian art -He's not very popular in Egypt -He got very sick and died (medical issues) -People didn't like the idea of worshipping one god. So after the king died, they went back being polytheistic and returned to Thebes -King Tut inherited the throne after he married one of his A's daughters (half sister)

Akhenaten and Nefertiti

A typically piece of jewelry or charm that is meant to the bearer but may also be a weapon or special ability

Amulet/Talisman (may also be Weapon)

-c.2500 BCE - Cairo Museum - Builder of the second pyramid of Giza is the first type in which the figure is depicted seated on a block. The pharaoh is idealized, his characteristics minimized and his features carved in general terms to suggest power and immorality. He wears a simple kilt and linen headdress. The hawk or falcon with its wings protecting Chefren's head is a sign of the god Horus or Ra, indicating that Chefren is the divine Son of the god and under this god's protection

Chefren seated

literal or symbol journey from which the hero symbolically emerges as a often has a new identity

Journey to new life

a time of soul searching and planning typically when the hero is removed from the word

Meditation

-A huge stone structures remain. The most famous is Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England, built c.2000 B.C.E. -Stonehenge is an example of cromlech henge having a religious purpose -The height: 13 1/2 ft high -Form an outer circle and two in circle that shape like the U. -Believed to have been an enormous sun clock based on the rising and setting sun in the summer and winter solstice

Megalithic

-The belief in a single supreme (Sun) being by the ruler Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten. -The direction was linked with Akhenaten's desire to consolidate power in the early history -How religion and political power were connected -Worship one god

Monotheistic Religion

-c. 2490-2472 BCE -4th dynasty -Museum of Fine Art, Boston -Represent the second pose, standing with one foot forward -Weight is equally distributed on both feet, these tense, stiff people do not appear to walk. The physical types established in the old kingdom to represent royalty and nobility continued through Egypt's three millennia. Shown their physical prime, men and women have narrow hips, bread shoulders, sharp shins and thick ankles

Mycerinus and His Queen

-Paris -1988, metal glass -Constructed of transparent glass -Ancient Egypt remains a powerful influence on the modern imagination -Other legacy of the Egyptian is the use of large scale sculpture to glorify and to immortalized political leaders -convey a political message can be seen in many cultures -M. Pei

Pyramidal Entrance to Musee du Louvre

the hero's journey; typically, a long search with a specific goal

Quest

following the death of parents or the need to hide the child from danger; another aspect of belonging to the world

Raised by others

literal or symbolic event

Rebirth

the hero may be reluctant to take a trial or challenge and may even go into hiding but ultimately accepts the task

Refusal

Both legal document and work of art, the relief at the top of the shows enthroned Shamash, the Sun God who controlled plant life and weather, dispelled evil spirits of diseases and personified righteousness and justice. (Law Codes of Hummurabi)

Relief

Sunken relief is a technique of relief sculpture in which figures or images are carved in low relief, but set within a sunken area, so that the relief never rises beyond the original flat surface. This technique is largely restricted to ancient Egypt, where it became common in the Amarna period and later.

Relief Carvings (from lecture) sunken, low, and high

literally or figuratively returning from the dead

Resurrection

Typically after the final battle when the hero leaves the world of adventure and returns to the normal world

Return

the hero again crosses the threshold of adventure and returns to the everyday world of daylight. The return usually takes the form of an awakening, rebirth, resurrection, or a simple emergence from a cave or forest. Sometimes the hero is pulled out of the adventure world by a force from the daylight world

Return

-frenchman, Jean Francois Champollion, deciphered the _____ -A large stone fragment found near the town of Rosetta in the Nile Delta. Incised on the stone is a decree in honor of the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy V, three different languages, one of which is Egyptian Hieroglyphics. -c. 196 B.C.E, Basalt -British Museum

Rosetta Stone

a character who takes the blame for the actions of others and/or who offers himself/herself as a sacrifice for the wrongdoing of others

Scapegoat

-Dier-el-Bhari, Thebes -c. 1480 BCE -New Kingdom -The funerary temple constructed against a cliff at -Dier-el-Bhari, Thebes, in the early eighteenth dynasty by the architect Senmut, is far from her actual burial. The huge complex includes tree traces, one filled with gardens with columnar porticoes and halls, connected by ramps to chapels cut into the cliff. The temple of Hatshepsut was roofed with stone, the result being rooms filled with forests of supports must be small enough to span with stone lintel. Square or 16-sided columns, as well as statues, support the ceiling. Cliff is chapels to the deities Amen, the creator; Hathor, the cow-headed protectress of the city of the dead. Anubis, the god of embalming who protects the dead

Senmut, Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

-Year: 2700-2600 B.C.E Made of shells or mother of pearl, inlaid in bitumen with background formed from pieces of lapis-lazuli and bits up red limestone -Scene of war with event arranged I'm horizontal rows -top row, the king-taller than anyone else- hit the border -step out of his chariot to inspect the king again largest and his officers sit in chairs and drink -On the two lower rows, booty taken in battle, including animals is paraded before them -Victory feast -Two lowers are soldiers wearing metal helmet -four wheeled chariot

Standard of Ur (Double-sided panel)

-small in size with large eyes, a continuous eyebrow (unibrow) and facial expression of astonishment -Are figures are religious or commemorative in purpose (Sumerian) -Some represents Gods, others represent worshipper -The statue translate 'it offers prayers' or 'statue say unto my king' Year: 2600 From Asmar Material: white gypsum with limestone and shell Height: 11 3/4 (29.8 cm) Where: Metropolitan Museum of art NY Serene face, forceful, his hand firmly clasped, huge eyes and a unibrow

Standing Man Characteristic/ purpose

-A vertical slab of stone that serves as a marker -Height: 6 1/2 ft high -Symbolizes: glorifies King Naram-Sin shown in triumph -He is larger than anyone else above everyone else and wearing the horned crown of the gods -Setting: mountains, trees, and starlike emblems of Naram-Sin's protecting gods

Stele

-Luxor major construction under Amenhotep III - c. 1390 -New Kingdom - 14th and 13th centuries BCE is one of the largest. Amen and his wife Mut, goddess of heaven, were parents of Khonsu. The plan indicates that pylon, a massive gateway. lead to a forecourt, followed by a hall with pillars, another court and finally the actual temple which is a small room surrounded by halls, chapels, storerooms, etc. -Is well organized along with a longitudinal axis and is bilaterally symmetrical -Home of the gods, for homes-made it larger and permanent

Temple of Amen-Mut-Khonsu

-China: Burial of the first Emperor of China -Warriors, 215 BCE , terra cotta -In tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi, Xi'an China -Were below ground, always meant to be hidden from view and were discovered only by accident in 1947. The sculpted soldiers once carried actual spears, halberds, bows, and crossbows and were accompanied by chariots and horses. The soldiers are with different faces and various hair, beard, mustache, style suggesting that actual soldiers modeled for these figures

Terra Cotta Warriors

The hero travels through the dream-like world of adventure where he must undergo a series of tests. These trials are often violent encounters with the monsters, sorcerers, warriors, or forces of nature (or inner conflict). Each successful test further proves the hero's ability and advances the journey toward its climax

Tests

- c. 2465 B.C.E 4th dynasty - Body of the Lion and the head of a man - a limestone statue -facing directly from West to East - 7m (240 ft) long from paw to tail - 20'66 ft -believed that it was built by ancient Egyptians of the old kingdom during the reign of the pharaoh Khafre

The Great Sphinx of Giza

-by Ashurbanipal from his palace at Nineveh was carved c.650 BCE. The Assyrian were first attempted large scale narrative reliefs depicting specific events. The story is clearly told: building burn, soldiers tear down buildings with pick axes; and pieces of the buildings fall through the air. Soldiers carry contraband down the hill -Museum: British Museum, London

The Sack of the City of Hamanu

-The upper part of the stele that is 7'(2.13) -A legal document and a work of art -Written in Cuneiform are inscribed on lower part of the monument -Hummurabi portrayed receiving the laws directly from Shamash the Sun God -Year: 1760 B.C.E -Located: Musee du Louvre

The Stele with Law Code of Hummurabi

-afterlife -spell out the procedures the dead had to use before being admitted to field of Reeds, the eternal realm of the god Osiris. There the soul of the deceased was weighed against how well he or she had treated others and respected the gods. A favorable judgment meant that the soul would join other living souls in a place of peace and joy. An unbelievable judgment meant that the soul's heart would be devoured by the monster Ament. For those who had not led a good life, the bfd. -The scene is the mummy of Hunefer, shown supported by the god Anubis. Hunefer's wife and daughter mourn and three priests perform rituals. The two priests with white sashes are carrying out the opening of the Mouth Rituals -Showed Osiris seated under a canopy with his sister/wife Isis and his sister Nephthys -Horus becomes 'true of voice' or 'justified'

The book of the death of Hunefer

- At Abu Simbel - c. 1260 BCE - 19th dynasty, the facade and inner rooms cut into the sandstone on the West Bank of the Nile. The temple was erected in honor of the Sun, represented by a statue in a niche in the center of the facade. A row of dog headed apes sacred to the worship of the rising sun is carved at the top of the facade. And reliefs and hieroglyphics tell of Rameses 11's respect for the sun of god. But all this is dominated by and diminished by the four enormous statues of Rameses II. Smaller figures around and between the legs of these statues are members of his family. The inside of the temple, goes directly to Rameses II, represented by many standing figures carved directly from the stone.

The temple of Rameses II

lesser battles or struggles that prepare the hero for triumph in the final battle/achievement of the quest (Hercules and Gilgamesh)

Trial/test

-The young king who died at the age of 18 or 17 -Sarcaphogas and Death Mask -Gold, Lapis, Lazuli, obsidian, quartz, feldspar, turquoise, carnelian, amazement, faience, Jasper and colored glass -They discovered his tomb in the early 1920s -It was untouched

Tutankhamen

the land of the dead but not necessarily hell; most cultures have their own versions of what constitutes the underworld

Underworld

-Art from Akkad -Located: North of Sumer in the valley of the Tigris River -Year: 2300-2200 BCE -Height: 6 1/2 ft high

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin

The paintings in Southern France believed to be created between 1500 and 1300 B.C.E.. The images on the wall are mostly animals. Like for an example , there is a picture of bisons, reindeers, horses, mammoths and wolf as well. These are the animals that people are depended on. It was found deep inside the cave and the subject matter of the animals on which people relied on survival so called Mother Earth theory -By creating these animals in paint in the 'womb' -The "Big Bull" and a red cow appear amidst various signs whose meanings may never fully be deciphered, in this image from Lascaux II.

Wall paintings of animals, Cave at Lascaux

-Tiny stone figure, 4 3/8 in height -Year: c. 25000 - 20,000 -Found: Western Austria -Description: Voluminous and Voluptous, she emphatic and expressive. The hair is covering the head because she cannot have a specific recognizable individual. She represented as an ideal as well fed to if intended to be pregnant (Fertility)

Willendorf Venus

when the hero removes himself/herself from the from the journey and the world to rest, meditate, and/or plan

Withdrawal

any container-like object or place to which the future hero retreats for rest, renewal, and/or preparatio

Womb symbol

Two essays and research project-related papers will be assigned this semester. All assignments written outside of class must be in MLA document format with Work Cited and must be submitted through the TurnItIn link on blackboard. Students are responsible for keeping up with assignment due dates. A first late assignment that is submitted no more than 24 hours after the due date/time will penalized 50 points; after 24 hrs, the grade is zero. Any subsequent late assignments will earn grades of zero. In addition, assignments that are not submitted to TurnItIn or that do not pass the plagiarism checker will earn grades of zero.

Written Assignments

Sumerian temple is at Ur (El Muqeiyar), Iraq which constructed around 2100 B.C.E. Z is constructed of sunbaked mud brick. The walls were battered or sloping toward the walls making them stronger than vertical walls because they are self-buttressing. -Weeper water was collected in the masonry ran out -The corner point N,S,E,W -The lower level was covered with dirt and planted with trees, creating the effect on the mountain with a temple on top, which explained that people's belief that gods lived on mountaintop bringing them closer to heaven -Dedicated to Ur's patron god, the Mesopotamian moon god, "called Nanna in Sumerian, and Su'en or Sin in Akkadian"

Ziggurat

-Rock wall painting with giraffes, zebra, eland, and abstract shapes San people Inanke, Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe Before 1000 CE

Cave paintings of Cauvet, France and Motobo National Park, Zimbabwe

-Stonehenge was constructed using post and lintel system -Simplest form, two vertical posts support a horizontal lintel -forces gravity

Post and lintel Construction

the combination of meditation and training that helps the hero get ready for a literal or symbolic battle or challenge

Preparation

- 13th - 11th century BCE -These poem revealed a range of characters, situations, and over thousands of years -She desperate for her husband's attention -She love him but his feeling isn't mutual -Never payed attention to her

Ancient Egyptians love poem excerpt

attributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or human forms

Anthropomorphic

The hero is called to adventure by some external event or messenger. The hero may accept the call willingly or reluctantly

Call to the adventure

The highest point of a hero's achievement, which may be a climatic battle, being crowned a king or queen or similar event, or becoming a god or other supernatural assignment such as constellation, a mountain, etc.

Apotheosis

rising to a higher level of status

Ascension

reparation for a sin or wrong-doing; achieving forgiveness for prior actions (Hercules)

Atonement

Fabulous Circumstances surrounding conception birth, and childhood establish the hero's pedigree, and often constitute their own monomyth cycle. (*Frequently includes the death of one or both parents[symbolically, the child now belongs to the world]. May also include hiding the child for protection and/or first demonstration of superior abilities.)

Birth

(Old Stone Age) corresponds to the geological Pleistocene era, known as Ice Age. During the era, glaciers moved south around Mediterranean and into Africa. They follow the herd of animals (bison, deer, horse and mammoths)

Paleolithic

-Front and back - c. 3100 - 5000 B.C.E without a central government -First dynasty, slate -height: 25'(63.5 cm) -Egyptian Museum, Cairo -Egypt was divided into an upper Egypt and a Lower Egypt which were united by King Narmer -Story: Carved of slate, c. 3100 B.C.E. On the front, Narmer and his troop examine the decapitated enemy dead. On the back, Narmer is about to strike an enemy. Narmer is depicted wearing the crown of Upper Egypt on the other. After unification, Egyptian history is divided into 30 dynasties. Life was secure in ancient Egypt. The fertility of the Nile River valley contributed to a permanent agricultural society. The surrounding deserts made invasion difficult. The King later called 'Pharaoh," was the absolute ruler and was considered divine. A class of priest and government bureaucrats administered the country. Stability was ensured by a highly centralized organizational structure.

Palette of Narmer

-Shall be defined ad the appropriating, buying, receiving as a gift, or obtaining by any means another's work and the acknowledged submission or incorporation of it in one's own written work. -Submit only one's own work -Appropriately cites sources used -Appropriately paraphrase or summarized another's ideas or language and knowledge the source according to set academic standards -Document all verbatim borrowing from another according to set academic standards; -Document any use a format, method, or approach originated by others; if a student is unclear as to what constitutes academic dishonesty, he or she should consult the instructor

Plagiarism

Worship more than one god

Polytheistic

-A hindu god -The god of destroyer -He represents the oppositions of life: motion and calm, male and female, light and dark. He is also the god of the dance. He consort Parvati, who bore him several sons. Their most popular son is Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity associated with prosperity.

Shiva Nataraja

Under the section 51.907 of the Texas Education Code 'an institution of higher education may not permit a student to drop more than six courses, including any course a transfer student has dropped at another institution of higher education." This statue was enacted by the state of Texas in spring 2007 and applies to students who enroll in the public institution of higher education as a first time freshman in fall 2007 or later. There are many exception to this rule. Please refer to the current WCJC catalog for information

Six Drop Rule