HumanSpecies_Exam2_StudyGuide
does Every part of an organism have the same chance of becoming a fossil?
NO
are lemurs only found in Asia ?
NO!!!
does Climatic changes in the late Miocene increased hominoid diversity in Asia and Europe.
NOOOO
When did the first monkeys reach South America?
Oligocene
What was Pangaea?
Pangaea was the supercontinent that existed around 200 million years ago. All current continents are derived from this land mass.
what kind of culture do primates have
Primates have material culture.
the earth is how many billion years old ?
4.6 billion years
how many teeth do humans have in each quadrant ?
8 teeth
how do Diana monkeys treat vocalizations ?
Diana monkeys treat vocalizations associated with one type of predator the same way that they treat sounds from that predator.
Which primates are excellent leapers because they have elongated tarsals?
Tarsiers
why do humans have non projecting and small canine teeth ?
The small, non-projecting canine teeth of humans are an evolutionary trend in hominins due to a shift to a soft diet and the development of tools
What is one of the key indicators of primates' adaptability?
They live in a wide range of habitats.
Who discovered an extinct ground sloth in Virginia?
Thomas Jefferson
why is The Fayum Depression (Egypt) is important ?
because its geological record includes fossils dating from around 37 to 29 million years ago.
which type of burial environment would best promote fossilization ?
burial soon after death by sediments or volcanic ash
how do Primates ideally acquire food with minimal energy investment?
by choosing clumped food patches that they can remain in for as long as possible.
What were the first true primates called?
euprimates
the earlier group with clear primate characteristics is known as the ?
euprimates
what was The first primate fossil ever discovered was correctly identified as primate true or false
false
What are angiosperms?
flowering plants
Some of the best information on climate history—and especially temperature—is based on the study of ________.
foraminifera
some of the best information on climate history is based on the study of ?
foraminifera
What is the primary reason for sociality among primates?
group defense from predators
Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis for the evolution of unique primate traits?
panagea hypothesis
You have a sample of bone found on an archaeological site and you want to estimate its age. Which of the following methods would you try?
radiocarbon dating
The difference in size, coloration, or other physical attributes between males and females is known as:
sexual dimorphism
which group of primates has rhinarium ?
strepsirhines
which group of primates have tooth combs ?
strepsirhines
the study of what happens to an organism after its death is known as ?
taphonomy
_________ is perhaps the single most important variable that we can measure to understand past changes in climate.
temperature
Taphonomy is:
the study of what happens to an organism's remains after death
what is one of the main reasons why scientist study primate behavior ?
to address the question of why primates are social.
what doesn't The cladistic classification scheme use?
uses anatomical and genetic evidence to determine ancestor-descendent relationships.
What was the climate of the Fayum Depression like during the Oligocene?
warm, wet, and somewhat seasonal
how many canines do human have?
1 canine
most rare societal group ?
1 female, multi-male
how many incisors do humans have ?
2 incisors
how many premolars do humans have ?
2 premolars
what is new world monkeys dental formula ?
2-1-3-3
What is the human dental formula?
2.1.2.3
New World monkeys have a dental formula of:
2.1.3.3
how many molars do humans have ?
3 molars
how many teeth do humans have ?
32 teeth
how many teeth do the new world monkeys have ?
33 teeth
how many living species of primates are there today ?
350 species
which hypotheses directly links the evolution of primates to an increase in flowering plants
angiosperm radiation hypothesis
a derived characteristic is one that ?
appears after a group splits from a common ancestor
have scientist ever found fossil evidence of primates in Australia ?
no
Humans have ________ canine teeth.
non-projecting and small
catarrhines include ?
old world monkeys, apes, and humans
these fossil primates were nocturnal, had short snouts, and are likely ancestors of tarsiers
omomyids
the following primates are Strepsirhini
- Aye-ayes - Slow lorises - Ring-tailed lemurs
Primate fossils have been found in which continents ?
- North America - Asia - Africa
what conditions are likely to help preserve animal remains, making it more likely for them to become fossils,
- rapid burial - low levels of oxygen in the sediment in which remains are buried - no scavengers in the vicinity
Jane Goodall was the first to document all the following behaviors in chimpanzees
- tool use - meat eating - enduring mother-offspring bonds
Which trait below separates apes from monkeys?
Apes do not have a tail but monkeys do.
hypotheses about how anthropoids first reached South America,
Areas of the ocean might have been shallow and dotted with series of islands. Primates might have crossed via ocean currents, on natural rafts consisting of accumulated vegetation. However, there is currently no concrete evidence that this occurred. It seems unlikely that primates migrated from Africa to South America via the Atlantic, especially in view of the wide and prohibitive expanse of open sea separating the west coast of Africa from the east coast of South America.
______ dating is a form of absolute dating in which the sample is bombarded with fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor to measure the ratio of argon-40 to argon-39 in a sample. This method only works on igneous rock.
Argon-argon
Nonhuman primates (both living and extinct species) have never naturally lived in:
Australia and Antarctica ((Nonhuman primates have lived on every continent except Australia and Antarctica.))
platyrrhines ancestors most likely originated in ?
africa
Which of the following residence patterns is the rarest among primates?
groups with a single reproductively active female and several males ((Groups with a single reproductively active female and several adult males are relatively rare in primate societies. It has been observed in some New World monkeys, but they do not always practice this system.))
similarities between species that are most easily explained by a shared common ancestor are
homologies
Which primate has the longest period of growth and development?
humans
The earliest New World monkey fossils come from a late Oligocene site where?
in Bolivia.
The most strongly altruistic behaviors tend to occur when ?
in primates that live with their relatives. ((presence of such behavior is part of the kin selection hypothesis, which holds that altruistic acts increase the inclusive fitness of the related group. This animation further summarizes kin selection.))
What do primatologists need to have to understand what the primate communication data they collect means?
knowledge of both context and vocalizations
relative dating methods tell us ?
whether a fossil is older or younger than another
