HumNutr 2310 Chapter 2

Adequate Intakes (AIs)

daily intake amounts set for nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish an EAR; based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of the average nutrient intake that appears to maintain a defined nutritional state in a specific life-stage group

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

daily nutrient intake amounts sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals (97-98%) in a life stage; based on a multiple of the EARs so they are only for nutrients with an EAR

Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)

daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage; set for 17 nutrients

health claims

describe a relationship between a disease and a nutrient, food, or food constituent

energy density

determined by comparing a food's calorie content per gram weight of the food

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)

guidance on intake levels of carbohydrates, protein, and fat to help reduce the risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases

Dietary reference intakes (DRI)

nutrient recommendations made by the food and nutrition board of the national academy of sciences (includes RDAs, EARs, AIs, EERs, and ULs)

Use of EAR

represents average nutrients need; use only to evaluate adequacy of diets of groups, not individuals

Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs)

set for vitamins and most minerals; these nutrients all have established nutrient standards like RDAs

Daily Reference Values (DRVs)

standards for energy-producing nutrients (fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, protein, fiber), cholesterol, sodium, and potassium; many do not have an established RDA of other standard

Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs)

the average daily energy (kcal) need for each life-stage group

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs)

the maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse health effects in almost all individuals (97-98%) in a life-stage group

Nutrient content claims

those that describe the nutrients in a food (low in fat, rich in vit. A, zero calories)

AMDR

use to determine whether percent of calories from each macronutrient falls within suggested range; greater the discrepancy with AMDR, greater the risk for nutrition-related chronic diseases

EER use

use to estimate energy needs according to height, weight, gender, age, and physical activity pattern

use of AI

use to evaluate current intake for a specific nutrient, realizing that an AI implies that further research is required before scientists can establish a more definitive intake amount needed to set an RDA

use of RDA

use to evaluate current intake for a specific nutrient; the further intake strays above or below this value, the greater the likelihood a person will develop nutrition-related problems

use of UL

use to evaluate the highest amount of daily intake that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in the long run; as intake of UL increases, potential for adverse effects increases, generally