HUS4352 CH.4-16

Which type of group therapy specifically was developed to explore and change negative attitudes about one's own race and ethnicity?

Ethnotherapy

Which of the following is not characteristic of the Jewish psychological structure?

Inability to rationalize

Several behaviors cause an increase in racial identity issues in adolescence. Which is NOT one of them?

Rejection of characteristics perceived as White

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to stretch under pressure, but not break?

Resiliency

Bicultural couples tend to demonstrate extremes in

healthy functioning.

According to Jack Lawson, what percentage of Native People are directly or indirectly affected by alcoholism?

100 percent

Briefly describe the history of the Jews as it relates to assimilation and associated changes in community and identity.

A largely singular and insular ethnic people through biblical times, the destruction of the second temple drove Jews from their homeland and dispersed them throughout the world. The Jews, as geographically splintered subgroups, experienced repeated migrations, and resettlements. The characteristics of heightened self-expression, achievement orientation, and adroit verbal skills often fuse in North American Jewish families to predispose its members to initiate verbal attacks when threatened. Jewish history has so often been characterized by persecution and oppression that the expectation of suffering, attitudes of cynicism and pessimism, and even paranoia have become a central aspect of the family's ethos. With assimilation, it growing conflict emerged between family and success. Especially for men, becoming successful meant less time available in the home for family activities and interaction. As an oppressed minority, Jews also tended to push harder to succeed and prove themselves equal to or better than majority group members. There is enormous pressure on children and spouses to achieve. In exchange for their special status and treatment, children are expected to perform, often at unrealistically high levels. The perfectionist demands of the family can easily create a sense of failure your respective of one's actual accomplishments. such demands and their attendant sense of failure can also lead to competition among family members and the devaluing of each other to bolster self-esteem.

Which of the following terms is defined as taking on the cultural ways of the dominant culture?

Acculturation

Describe two ways in which acculturation is important in relation to working with diverse populations and what a provider can do to ensure they are appropriately addressed.

Acculturation involves taking on the cultural ways of another group, usually those of the mainstream culture. It Is critical to be able to assess the amount of acculturation that has taken place within any individual or family and, simultaneously, to discover to what extent and in what specific areas traditional attitudes, values, and behavior still remain. It Can create serious emotional strain and difficulties for ethnic clients. There is stress on the family when traditional cultural ways are compromised or lost as a result of immigration and acculturation.

Describe the difference between achieved and unachieved White racial attitude types.

Achieved types are avoidant, dependent, and dissonant. The unachieved types are dominative, conflictive, integrative, and reactive. The extent to which racial attitude is securely integrated into the person's general belief structure.

In reparations, apologies must include all of the following:

Acknowledgement of the facts, acceptance of responsibility, sincere regret, and a promise not to repeat the offense

Which of the following statements accurately describes African American kinship bonds?

African American families may contain complex networks of blood and nonrelated relatives.

During the counseling session, what is the best way to respect appropriate sex role customs when seeing a husband and wife?

Allow the husband adequate time to speak during the counseling session.

How might Arab American family structures and values impact therapeutic work?

Although families have more recently tended, especially in the West, toward the establishment of individual households, allegiance to kin remains strong. Men, women, and children are each given duties to perform in relation to each other and specific instructions on how to carry out these responsibilities. Men and a woman are expected to follow specific codes of family and honor, maintain the family, and rear the children. Parents tend to use anger and punishment and the children respond by crying, self-censorship, covering up, or deception. Child-rearing techniques range from mild rebukes to two threats, balanced by unconditional love and appreciation, specifically for the sons. Boys and girls are treated differently, with an eye to instilling traditional sex-role expectations in both. they are expected to maintain close family ties and are discouraged from individualism and separation from parents and the family. They are expected to obey the authority of the father and family, as opposed to having and acting upon their own ideas. They spend more time with and are more emotionally attached to the mother, who often acts as a go-between in communication with the father.

During which stage of ethnic identity does an individual compartmentalize her ethnic identity?

Ambivalent identification

Which of the following does NOT describe Latino/a preferences during a counseling session?

Anonymity is of the utmost importance.

Discuss the Arab and Muslim American views of the West. How might they affect the therapeutic relationship?

Arabs And Muslims have historically viewed the West with great ambivalence and through the lenses of colonization of the Arab and Muslim world. The west, historically Europe and more recently America, is seen as the colonizer of lands and resources as well as an internal hindrance to independence and national development. at the same time, it is considered powerful, even superior, because of its association with the scientific progress and technology that is so sought after in Arab and Muslim nations. This attitude is not based solely on the past but have been powerfully reinforced by the present invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. This perception is based on the real facts of western hegemony and also colored by the way Arabs and Muslims tend to explain their problems. Providers Need to be aware of the existence of this psychology of oppression, to understand the collective experience of their Arab and/or Muslim clients and to show an awareness and empathy for the differences in their worldviews. Communicating personally within the collective experience is very helpful in breaking down many barriers during therapy. Children are eager to become assimilated and adopt American values and norms, while their parents struggle to keep them tied to tradition and religion. husbands become more quickly adapted to American life and spend much of the day at work and away from home, while their wives are expected to remain at home, as was the case in their homeland.

Describe the ways in which the development of a deficit or cultural inferiority theory may occur in the social sciences. In what other ways have bias impacted research of ethnically diverse groups?

As biological theories of genetic inferiority last intellectual credibility, they were quickly replaced in social science circles by notions of cultural inferiority or deficit theories. While political correctness would not allow practitioners with negative racial attitudes to continue to embrace the idea of genetic inferiority, they could easily attach themselves to theories that assumed that a community subject to poverty and oppression is a disorganized community, and this disorganization expresses itself in various forms of psychological deficit ranging from intellectual performance two personality functioning and psychopathology.

Discuss the reasons why Asians have been more accepted in the United States than other ethnic minorities.

Asian Americans have been quite successful economically and educationally, even in comparison with the white population. Asians graduate from high school at the same rate as do whites but are more likely to complete two or more years of college. They also score high on business ownership rates.

In providing an appropriate therapeutic environment for Asian American clients, it is important to reflect the family atmosphere in which of the following ways?

Be directive regarding instruction and deferential to authority

Discuss the history of naming and self-identification of African American people.

Black was more typical of the 1960s and 70s. earlier names focused on the skin color, using names such as negro, colored, black, and African American. Negro, nonderogatory in its meaning, comes from the Spanish word negro which means black, but it focused on skin color. colored brought us further away from the word black, and it tends to be kinder and politer. it was an affirming of African identities in both skin color and hairstyle. For the term African American, it focuses on culture both our connections to Africa, where we came from, and America, where we reside now. it also distinguishes us from other peoples with black skin. When using the term African American in this country it puts us on the same status as other groups in America, it gives us status and places culture in a very salient position in defining who we are, and it tends to be more inclusive.

The concept of dissociation can best be described by which of the following examples?

Bystanders compartmentalizing and justify racism or dehumanization of victims

Which of the following explains why traditional authoritarian parenting styles may be damaging to Arab/Muslim children in the United States?

Children are being exposed to liberal child-rearing techniques among their peers.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the studies on the impact of social, political, and racial attitudes?

Clients who have extreme political views were regularly rated as having more severe disordered symptoms.

Which of the following describes an important part of Latino/a shared history?

Colonization

The use of indigenous paraprofessionals was a strategy to increase the number of Providers of Color. Which of the following best describes the individuals that were trained in these positions?

Community leaders

Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of the collective personality?

Conflict tends to be intrapsychic, not intrafamilial.

Of the following presenting problems, which is LEAST likely for a Jewish client?

Conflicts around ethnicity

Which of the following three factors are most relevant in individual participation of institutional racism?

Consciousness, intent, and accountability

Which of the following statements about the cultural aspects of mental health service delivery is FALSE?

Current models of helping portray clients of color in a positive light.

Which of the following is a reason for the change in Native American population trend over the last ten years?

Decreased mortality rates

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of members leaving ethnic communities in order to assimilate into dominant culture?

Decreased prejudice and racial hatred toward the community

In what ways do different cultural learning styles impact the academic success of children of color? Which ethnic groups have been successful academically in the United States?

Different cultural learning styles can lead to academic struggles and failures for children of color. They are not able to thrive on or can conform to the typical environment in United States schools. The ethnic groups that have been successful academically in the United States are autonomous and immigrant groups.

Discuss Laszloffy's intervention strategies for working with bicultural families.

Do not expose the child to negative or devaluing messages about any of the groups that they have membership in, this compromises their ability to embrace and successfully integrate these aspects of themselves into their self-concept. Families must prepare children adequately for the racism that they will inevitably be confronted with outside the home. The suggested interventions are confronting devaluing or mixed racial messages, freeing children from racialized loyalty binds, and fostering strategies for resisting racism.

Dr. Dwairy uses three areas of assessment before beginning any kind of intervention with an Arab/Muslim client. Which refers to the personal fortitude required to withstand potential familial conflicts?

Ego strength

What is an important preliminary step in building rapport with an Asian American client?

Explain the therapy process

Compare the "Americanized" version of machismo with the traditional sense of the word. What accounts for this discrepancy?

Family roles and duties are highly structured and traditional, as are sex roles, which are referred to as machismo and marianismo. For men, the concept of machismo has been very much distorted and corrupted in the popular media in United States. It refers to the sense of responsibility the male feels to care for and protect his family and those around him. In the americanized version, it means bravado, being loud, aggressive, and tough.

Which of the following techniques should be used to ensure African American clients do not perceive an "interrogation" during the therapy session?

Have the client tell you their story before asking questions

Which symptom group associated with trauma involves the internal biology of self-preservation, which goes on permanent alert?

Hyperarousal

Hacker argues that the United States is essential two nations—black and white. Do you agree? Explain your reasoning.

I completely agree with Hacker because as he stated there is an enormous disparity in the access that these two groups have to the resources and benefits of this rich nation. The same resources that white people have black people do not have access to most. This can range from average salaries to unemployment, from incarceration figures to educational levels, from teenage pregnancies to poverty statistics. For example, poverty rates among African Americans are almost three times that of whites, life expectancy is 6 years shorter, and infant mortality rates are twice those of whites. Also. African American households receive the lowest annual median income, and the men experience the highest rate of unemployment among ethnic minorities.

In what ways does narrative collective practice (e.g., The Tree of Life exercise) help children address issues in a more productive way than traditional therapy?

It enables vulnerable children to speak about their lives in ways that make them stronger, also allowing them to collectively speak about difficulties they are experiencing and share skills and knowledge in ways of dealing with these. It also embraces narrative practices to help generate a second story, that is more hopeful, sustaining, and empowering by focusing on individual strengths and skills and less pathologizing and self-blaming by stressing resources, the full picture of their lives and collecting their experiences.

Which of the following statements about buffer zones is FALSE?

It is limited to parents and family.

What are the most appropriate sources of cultural information when working with Native communities? In what ways can this information help you assess and build rapport with clients?

It is vital that other human service providers be aware of their own cultural values, biases, and barriers and understand clearly how they themselves have been influenced by culture. When working with people from diverse cultures, it is important to validate their experience and existence in terms of their own cultural perspectives. We must be aware of our own culture and how that culture affects our lives. Information should be balanced from not only the client but also the community. The most important piece of information to gain about Native clients is where they fall on a continuum from assimilated to traditional. We must be aware of ourselves and the underlying issues that affect our clients. The professional must come from a place of acceptance and respect as a care provider, also you must learn to not be afraid of their anger. The goal is to help develop a therapeutic relationship so that clients can heal themselves.

Describe Jewish traditional family characteristics and family roles.

Jewish tradition is centered, unmarried men and women and childless couples are seen as incomplete, intermarriage and divorce are looked down upon and viewed as violations of family togetherness. sex and family rules are rigid and remained so throughout life within both the primary and extended family. High expectations are placed on children as well as adults, and socialization is accomplished through the threat of withdrawal of love and the engendering of guilt. Within the family itself, relations are very close, often with unclear boundaries. Children are afforded higher status than most other groups. They are expected to give their parents pleasure by way of their accomplishments and to remain within the family complex throughout life. Traditionally, the sexes tend to be segregated, yet there exists within the Jewish family very strong ties and conflicts between fathers and daughters and mothers and sons. Jewish men are often described as distant and dependent, and Jewish women as intrusive and controlling.

In regards to seeking help, how do Jews compare to other ethnic groups?

Jews tend to seek help earlier and present less severe symptoms.

Which of the following matches the culture with the most accurate assessment of time orientation?

Latino/a: Past-orientation

What are the most common channels through which Latinos/as seek help for problems? What circumstances make a Latino/a most like to seek professional treatment?

Latinos will turn to their own extended families for help first, after that they will usually go to their church for help. If they are willing to approach an agency, it is usually one that their community and one with which someone they know and trust has had some experience. They have seen the agency and know of its existence in the community.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the contemporary African American community?

Men have the highest rate of unemployment among ethnic minorities.

Which of the following terms do some Mexican Americans use to specifically refer to their mixture of Spanish and Indian backgrounds?

Mestizo

Describe the three types of microaggressions and provide an example of a statement or action that is representative of each.

Microassaults are verbal and nonverbal attacks intended with varying degrees of conscious awareness to hurt a person of color through name calling, avoidance, or other forms of discriminatory behavior and insensitivity. Statement: White clients are more valued than clients of color. A group of white clients are chosen over a group of clients of color for a long term therapy group. Microinvalidations are communications that exclude, negate, or nullify psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of people of color. Statement: "Your racial oppression is no different than my gender oppression". Microinsults are communication that "convey rudeness and demean a person's racial heritage or identity". Statement: "you do not belong, or only white people can succeed".

Which term refers to communication that exclude, negate, or nullify psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of people of color?

Microvalidation

Which of the following statements about the cultural similarities of white ethnics is FALSE?

Most have fully assimilated into the dominant culture.

Many Native Americans moved to urban areas as a result of the Relocation Act of the 1940s. What was the primary result of that movement?

Native Americans did not have the cultural tools to survive in the dominant culture.

Which of the following accurately describes a cultural difference in learning styles?

Native Americans have a keen sense of visual observation.

Peskin describes trauma as a "disorder of dehumanization." Further explain this concept and related approaches to treatment.

Peskin suggests that dehumanization and dehumanization as organizing principles in psychotherapy. As a result of traumatic experience, the self becomes disconnected from not only the reality and truth of her or his own victimization but also the discernments gleaned from a communal witness that makes a person feel credible to oneself and others. Peskin believes that in the treatment of trauma and other disorders of dehumanization, the therapist must take on the role of witness and help the patient come to discern the selective inattention to his own dehumanization from lack of acknowledgment by its perpetrators.

According to Poussaint, how can parents teach children to handle their anger in the face of racism? What advice does Lewin provide for preparing children cognitively for racism?

Poussaint points out the importance of helping children learn to manage the righteous anger that they will feel like objects of racial hatred. Teach children to assert themselves sufficiently, to display their anger appropriately, and to sublimate and channel much of it into constructive energy for actively dealing with the world. Parents should help their children develop that delicate balance between appropriate control and appropriate display of anger aggression, love, and hate. According to Lewin, never deny a child's ethnicity or underestimate the impact it will have on his or her life. Parents should answer questions as simply as possible and not overwhelm children with more knowledge than they currently need.

Describe how the CERI treats Cambodian refugees in a culturally competent manner.

ROYA provides at risk youth with individual and group counseling, case management, and other support services, in conjunction with family counseling and parenting education for parents or caregivers. The ultimate goal is to help at risk young people develop their potential and become leaders in their community. It also involves the parents of these children and youth in treatment. It can therefore make much more of an intergenerational change in the dynamics of the parent child relationship, helping clients overcome communication issues and estrangement.

What factors keep African Americans from seeing mental health services? From what other outlets do they seek help?

Some Factors that prevent African Americans from seeking professional help are cost, access, and being lied to. African Americans have learned not to seek help from professionals because seeking help from professionals in the past has left a bad taste on us. For instance, the Tuskegee syphilis study, African American men participated in research without their knowledge and consent and treatment was withheld so that the researchers could have watch what happened without treatment. psychological testing has been used against us, and many in our community so they just do not feel that the psychology system has much to offer. Instead of seeking help from professionals, they rely heavily on the church, black social organizations, ministers, and leaders in the community.

What are some key learnings to focus on when helping a victim of trauma seek forgiveness?

Some key learnings to focus on when helping a victim of trauma seek forgiveness is learning to view the offending event less personally, learning to take responsibility for one's own emotional experience rather than blaming the source of the frustration for those feelings, changing ones grievance story to an alternative conception that focuses on a choice to grow and prosper instead of suffering, and identifying and altering the unenforceable rules that underpin the grievance story.

Discuss the trends seen in youth of color related to drug and alcohol use. What are the underlying reasons for these trends?

Some trends are stereotypes, such as "all Mexicans use and sell drugs". In reality, research shows that with a few notable exceptions people of color tend to use drugs and alcohol much less frequently than do dominant culture Americans. Substance abuse tends to be a social-cultural issue as a personal one. There is a cumulative effect of substance abuse with other risk factors, such as poverty, unemployment, discrimination, poor health care, and general depression, which correlate highly with ethnicity.

Which of the following are the two most common reactions in children of Nazis?

Splitting off of negative feelings toward parents -or- empathy toward parents

In which stage of Cross' model of racial identity development, is an individual most likely to seek out counselors knowledgeable about his or her own ethnic group?

Stage 2: Encounter

In the Zealot-defensive stage of Identity Development in the Classroom, Ponterotto describes which of the following behaviors?

Tendency to either overidentify with ethnic minorities or completely distance themselves from them

The five basic tenets that define Muslim religious belief are called

The Pillars of Islam.

Describe Dr. Dwairy's three-factor approach to client assessment.

The assessment consists of the three main factors which are, the client's level of individuation, ego strength, and the family's level of strictness. Individuation concerns attitudes toward individualistic values that differ among Arabs and/or Muslims. Ego strength is imperative because self-fulfillment and assertiveness are not easily accepted in collective societies, such qualities are likely to generate conflicts within the family. Family strictness can be subjective since some families are just too strict and not ready to accept any change in their lifestyle, norms, and values, while others are more open to change.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the demographics of Arab and Muslim Americans?

The average Arab American is younger, better educated, and wealthier than the average American.

In Helm's model of White Racial Identity, the autonomy status stage differs from previous stages in which of the following ways?

The capacity to relinquish the privileges of racism

Select one of the four cultures described by M. Ho and compare its cultural characteristics to those of Northern European culture in the following dimensions: nature, time orientation, people relations, work and activity, and human nature. How might these differences manifest themselves in the helping relationship?

The culture for this question is Asian American. For nature, they live in harmony with nature and the environment. For time orientation, Asian cultures are described as past or present-oriented. For people relations, it is considered impolite in certain Asian American subgroups to say no or refuse to comply with a request from a superior. Work and activity, it is described as doing oriented, this is an active mode that involves initiating activity in pursuit of a given goal. Lastly, Asian Americans see human nature as good. This tendency to attribute positive motives to others has, at times, proved less than helpful in interaction with members of the dominant culture.

Which of the following is NOT an example of role flexibility in African American families?

The father as primary male role model

Describe the three sequential learning processes that are experienced as racial identity evolves in children.

The first is racial classification ability and involves the child learning to apply ethnic labels accurately to members of diverse groups. The second is racial identification which involves a child learning to apply the newly gained concept of race to himself or herself. The final stage, racial and evaluation, involves the creation of an internal evaluation of one's own ethnicity.

In what ways does the distinction between the individual self and the extended self affect one's definition of mental health?

The individual self is characteristic of Northern European culture which exists autonomously, is fragmented from its social context, and has personal survival and betterment as its goal. The self develops very differently in cultures that limit its narcissism and free expression. The term extended self is used to describe ego development in-group members who conceive of themselves not as individuals but as a part of a broader collective.

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity and belonging in different generations of Latinos/as in America?

The majority of immigrants say they are here temporarily to make money and then will return to their homeland permanently.

What are the primary ways of determining institutional racism and what are the strengths and pitfalls of each in working toward institutional cultural competency?

The manipulation of societal institutions to give preferences and advantages to whites and at the same time restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of people of color. Those who regularly feel its effects, encounter differential treatment and are given only limited access to resources.

Which of the following statements accurately describes multidimensional acculturation?

The multicultural individual picks and chooses aspects of each culture to internalize.

Describe the unique characteristics of the post-enslavement period of African American history. What were some of the positive outcomes of this period?

The period of reconstruction was important because it showed our talents, our forgiving spirit, and our intelligence. The newly freed Africans were ready to pitch in and become part of American culture and to contribute with businesses and industry. Many black businesses and communities thrived after slavery. Amazingly, there was not a strong spirit of retaliation, African American people have an incredibly forgiving spirit. Post-enslavement also includes several revolutions within the African American community, continuing the longstanding spirit of resistance within our history. Some of the positive outcomes for this. Were that black businesses and communities were thriving.

Why are Asian Americans most likely to turn to family in times of need rather than seeking professional help?

There is great shame associated with leaving the community for help.

Which of the following statements about Asian American cultural values is FALSE?

There is much flexibility in family and gender roles.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the second major wave of immigration into the United States?

They valued family over the individual.

Explain the myth of the "model minority."

This may be seen as a myth based on incomplete data that serves to validate the erroneous belief that any ethnic group can succeed if only they work hard enough, stimulate inter group conflict, and shortchange Asian communities from needed resources.

Discuss the consistent characteristics that Jews share, including history and psychological structure.

Traditionally, Jews have been viewed as members of a religious community, sharing spiritual origins as well as a sense of peoplehood. Old Jews share common roots in a religious tradition and a lifestyle in the long history of anti-Semitism and oppression. A largely singular and insular ethnic people through biblical times, the destruction of the second temple drove Jews from their homeland and dispersed them throughout the world. The Jews, as geographically splintered subgroups, experienced repeated migrations, and resettlements. The characteristics of heightened self-expression, achievement orientation, and adroit verbal skills often fuse in North American Jewish families to predispose its members to initiate verbal attacks when threatened. aggressive language is used to express anger. completing, nagging, and criticism are means of controlling the behavior of others and at the same time venting frustration. Most Jews have experienced a long history of trauma and grief, which shapes family dynamics in individual behavior. Clients often exhibit repressed fears, anxieties, and traumas associated with being Jewish.

Discuss the history of the boarding school experience. What were the short- and long-term repercussions of these governmental policies?

Until the mid 1980s, many native children were taken from their natural families and communities and forced to reside in boarding schools, where they were isolated from native culture and ways and then immersed in the dominant culture and Christian values" (p.304). The children were being punished for speaking their native language and practicing their traditional ways. Basically, people were being mistreated because they were doing things the way that they were raised and were taught by their ancestors while growing up. During this historical event, the country was trying to eradicate the Native American culture and its people, just trying to get rid of every trace of Native American that they possibly could. Once accomplished, the child could be molded as desired, which meant shaping them into white Christians with mainstream values and attitudes. When the children were taken out of their families, they were separated from their parents, grandparents, aunt and more. Many Native children were deprived of the opportunity to learn parenting skills and other cultural lessons that would have enabled them to raise healthy families of their own.

White racial identity is described by Helms as a process through which

Whites can move toward recognizing and abandoning their White privilege.

Most African Americans view religion as

a means of social connection and support.

Perpetrators testimony during the TRC process is healing for victims' families because it

allows them to complete the narrative of the trauma experience.

In order to develop rapport with Native clients, it is important to learn not to be afraid of their

anger

Which of the following is a culture-specific syndrome that appears only among members of a single cultural group?

ataque

After immigration to the United States, it is typical for Arab/Muslim families to

become more traditional than they were in their home country.

Being direct with African American clients is well received because

being too "nice" is perceived as inauthentic.

Acculturation-related conflicts most commonly surface when

children adopt values that are in conflict with family values.

Brave Heart's intervention with the Lakota Sioux resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

decreased PTSD symptoms in Native American men.

In Native culture, physical and emotional illness are reflections of

disharmony between the person and nature.

The "psychobehavioral modality" dimension of culture discusses the continuum described as

doing versus being or becoming.

Where will Latino/s most likely go first when experiencing problems?

family

In order to free biracial children from racialized loyalty binds, parents should

give children permission to have a relationship with all parts of their culture.

In the internalization stage of Cross' model of racial identity development, individuals experience

increasing levels of security related to his or her sense of racial identity.

The tendency to separate oneself from those who are different results in

intensified perception of threat from out groups.

Northern European American helpers tend to believe in an ________ locus of control and an ________ locus of responsibility.

internal; internal

Which of the following is NOT identified by Gaw as having a major impact on the diagnoses of clients of color?

language barriers

In communication, Native Americans place a high value on

listening

Consider Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's research on models of racial identity formation. As individuals move through the stages of racial identity development, they experience changes in attitudes toward all of the following except

mental health services providers.

Based on the Arab/Muslim holistic approach to life

most Arab/Muslim patients will demonstrate some somatic complaints along with psychological distress.

Dramatic differences in temperament and activity first become apparent between cultures at what age group?

newborn/infants

According to Sue and Sue, at the psychological level, Asian Americans' "model minority" status refers to

not disturbing the status quo.

Tong describes the Chinese American psyche as having changed as a result of a survival reaction to Western culture. He compares this to iatrogenesis, which is defined as

pathology resulting from medical or psychological intervention.

Good psychological nurturance of the individual, engagement with nature, and engaging relationships throughout the life cycle are examples of the characteristics of

primitive cultures

Which of the following theories of prejudice asserts that people are categorized as somebodies or nobodies?

rankism

The expectation of verbal expression and self-disclosure may be experienced by Asian Americans as

shameful, as modesty and subtleness are held in the highest regard.

Lack of emotional expression in Asian American culture can often lead to

somatization of physical illness.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cultural ally?

strong desire to help those in need

In terms of time, Native Americans are oriented toward

the present.

What is the unique role a provider must take on when working with trauma victims?

witness