HUSH EOC

What was the Temperance Movement?

The movement that was against alcoholic beverages

What was abolitionism?

The movement towards the end of slavery

What was the middle passage?

The passage that slaves traveled from Africa to the colonies. Slaves were packed tight in boats and a lot died, terrible conditions.

What was popular sovereignty? Why did it fail?

The political doctrine that the people who lived in a region should determine for themselves the nature of their government. The people of a region can decide for or against slavery, largely opposed by Northern Abolitionist. Led to people flooding states voting on the issue of slavery leading to mass amounts of voter fraud and violence between pro-slavery and antislavery activists.

What new forms of technological entertainment did Americans enjoy after WWI?

The radio and movies attracted millions of loyal fans and created some of the first media stars

What events led to the development of Rhode Island?

The religious practices led to the created of Rhode Island

What was life like at Valley Forge?

Hard, soldiers lived on little to no food, it was very cold.

What is the significance of the election of Nixon?

He attempted many times before but did not win, this time he won against Hubert Humphrey

What did Carter do during The Camp David Accords? The Iranian Revolution? The Iranian Hostage Crisis?

The Camp David Accords? President Carter brought the leader of Egypt and the leader of Israel to Camp David to sign a peace treaty. The only president to bring peace to the Middle East The Iranian Revolution? Iranians overthrew the shah, put in place by President Eisenhower, thus leading to the shah to run away to the United states where President Carter refused to give him back to the Iranians leading to the Iranian Hostage Crisis. The Iranian Hostage Crisis? 54 Americans taken and held hostage. Released the day of Ronald Reagan's inauguration.

What was the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was to suspend Chinese immigration to the US for 10 years. It was passed because those on the West Coast were prone to declining wages and economic ills.

What was the Truman Doctrine? How is it different from the Monroe Doctrine?

"Contained communism" economically marshall plan, politically thru UN, militarily through NATO Use military to stop communism Involved in world affairs to stop communism, involved in entire world, no longer isolationists

What were the Salem Witch Trials? How were they significant?

1690s 29 people were convicted of witchcraft and 19 were hung, his was significant because of the number of innocent people convicted

What is the Bill of Rights?

10 separate amendments added to the constitution in 1791 which protected individual and states rights

What were the causes, events, and effects of the War with Mexico?

1845, US took over the territory of Texas, 1846 they expanded towards New Mexico, and California The US won the war and this region in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Who were the leaders at the Battle of Little Big Horn? Who won and why?

1876 - General Custer and his men were wiped out by Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

What years were the U.S. involved in the Vietnam War? Which Presidents were in office during this war?

1961-1968 Eisenhower, JFK, Nixon

What rights do the first 10 amendments protect?

1st- Freedom of speech, press, assembly, and protest. 2nd- Right to bear arms. 3rd- A soldier cannot take over a home during war or peace without the homeowner's permission. 4th- Protects Americans from unreasonable and unlawful searches or seizure of property. 5th- allows all citizens due process and states that a person cannot be forced to serve as a witness against himself when accused of crime. 6th- provides a speedy and public trial by jury for all who are accused of a crime. 7th- allows a trial by jury to be held for certain civil disputes. 8th- prevents those accused of suffering cruel and unusual punishment. 9th- no one's constitutional rights should be used to infringe upon the rights of another citizen. 10th- provides each state with powers that are not specifically assigned to the nation's government in the Constitution.

What caused the War of 1812?

3 reasons : Madison did this war British impressing our sailors, stealing our cargo, forts on frontier and arming native Americans

What was Operation Desert Shield during Pres. Bush's presidency?

A 2006 operation by the Iraqi insurgency and al-Qaeda in Iraq, planned in December 2005 as a push against American forces during the Iraq War. The goal was to destabilize the American foothold in the Anbar province over the course of six months.

What was the Missouri Compromise? How did it affect slavery?

A compromise that proposed slavery in Missouri It was equally split in the decision for and against slavery. Maine would enter the Union as a free state, and Missouri would be a slave state, but prohibited in the northern parts of Louisiana. Keep a balance of pro slavery senators and antislavery senators.

What was King Philip's War? Why was it significant?

A conflict between the English and the Native Americans, it showed the dominance that the English had on the Native Americans

What is Earth Day?

A day where everyone supports the environment of the Earth, established on April 22, 1970

What is Jacksonian Democracy?

A democratic movement with powerful, racial ideals for the superior (white men)

What was the KKK? What were their major objectives?

A group of vets from the Confederate Army who fought against reconstruction.

What happened at Wounded Knee?

A group of white Christian reformist tried to bring Christian beliefs on to the Indians. Fearing the Ghost Dance American troops were called to go with the reformist. While camped outside of an Indian reservation a gun was fired and the troops stormed the reservation killing Indian men women and children.

What was the Court Packing Bill? Why did FDR try to pack the courts?

A law proposed by FDR to give the president the power to appoint an extra Supreme Court justice for every sitting judge over the age of 70 ½. He did this so he could add more of his supporters to the Supreme Court to uphold his New Deal programs.

What was the Cotton Gin?

A machine that separated the seeds found in the cotton from the fibers

What is the concept of nationalism?

A patriotic beliefs of their own country.

What was the Transcontinental Railroad? What type of immigrants built this railroad? Where did the two lines meet?

A railroad crossing the United States to connect the 2 coasts built by Chinese immigrants and the 2 railroad lines met in Utah.

What were Hoovervilles?

A shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it.

What was the Nat Turner rebellion?

A slave uprising in Virginia, August 1831. Of the rebelling slaves 55-65 people died it was the greatest fatalities.

What were the major differences between reconstruction plans coming from the President and the Radical Republicans?

Abraham Lincoln wanted to readmit the southern states to the union as quickly as possibly whereas the Radical Republicans forced the southern states to ensure the rights of the newly freed slaves by making it so the southern states had to ratify the 13th, 14th, and15th amendments in order to be readmitted into the Union

What is the Roosevelt Corollary? How did it affect Latin American relations?

Added to the monroe doctrine stated that america could become involved in latin american affairs; negative impact on relations but helped gain the panama canal

What is War Mobilization & wartime conversion?

After Pearl Harbor, 5 million men volunteered for military service, but more were needed so the Selective Service System expanded the draft and 10 million more men joined the ranks of the US armed forces. American Industry was converted to support the military. The war industry needed many resources, so Americans helped the war efforts by carpooling or riding bikes to save gasoline and rubber. People would also collect scrap iron, tin cans, news papers, rags, and cooking grease.

What was atomic bomb & who created it?

Albert Einstein and his colleague Leo Szilard sent a letter to President Roosevelt notifying him of the prospect of a bomb of unprecedented power could be made by tapping the forces of nuclear fusion.

How did James Madison and Alexander Hamilton influence the creation of the Constitution?

Alexander Hamilton called the Constitutional Convention where James Madison convinced the delegates from large and small states to give up some of their demands leading to the three branch system with checks and balances as well as the House of Reps and the Senate to please both small and large states.

What was the Lend-Lease program?

Allowed the United States to lend military equipment and supplies to any nation deemed vital the defence of the country by the President

Who were the Sons and Daughters of Liberty?

American colonists who formed a secret society against the British government. Sons damaged British property and responded with violence. Daughters wove fabrics rather than buying from the British as a form of protest.

Who was Barry Goldwater? What did he start?

An Arizonian territory born. Ran for presidency, but lost against Lyndon B. Johnson. He supported gay rights because his father was gay, but he was conservative.

Which president relocated Native Americans along the Trail of Tears? Name the court case where the Cherokee challenged this policy?

Andrew Jackson, in the case of Cherokee vs. Georgia (1831)

How did the Constitution deal with the issue of slavery?

Anti-Federalists insisted on guaranteeing personal liberties and James Madison promised the anti-federals he would do so and he added the Bill of Rights which included 10 amendments

What was the Half-Way Covenant?

As more people entered the United States, the response was to allow partial church membership for the children and grandchildren of the original Puritans

What happened during the war in the Philippines?

As the US gained control of the Philippines, a group decided to revolt and declare independence. The US did not find this to be a smart idea so they fought back. The US ended up declaring the war over despite occasional shows of defiance afterwards.

Describe the significance of the following events in 1968

Assassination of Dr. King—Caused many riots across the US, It affected the approval of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 which prevented discrimination in housing Assassination of Robert F.Kennedy—Caused people to not be able to vote for the rights of the civil rights movement, which he supported Democratic Convention of 1968—Where police harmed antiwar protesters with clubs, and tear gas on TV. This caused people to question if the government could tolerate dissent

When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor? How did Americans treat Japanese-Americans after Pearl Harbor?

December 7, 1941. The Americans dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima, and Nagasaki

What was the Interstate Highway Act?

Authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation's major cities.

What was the significance of the following events of the war: Battle of New Orleans? Burning of the White House? Star-Spangled Banner?

Battle of New Orleans- Americans beat the British Burning of the White House- Only time since Revolution that foreign power occupied the capital showing the weakness of American defenses Star-Spangled Banner- Written during the Battle of Baltimore and inspired patriotism and nationalism

Why did the English take New Amsterdam?

Because of its convenient location and easy access to British ports

What was the Whisky Rebellion?

Began after the federal government imposed a national tax on the sale of whiskey and other distilled liquor products

How did Ben Franklin and Lafayette help this alliance?

Ben Franklin signed alliance treaties with France for the US. Lafayette was a French military officer who helped the colonists in the Revolution.

What issues did the Letters from a Birmingham Jail expose and address? What was the significance of the "I Have a Dream Speech"?

Birmingham Jail- Addressed the fears white religious had that he was moving too fast towards desegregation. He explains why victims of segregation, violent acts, and murder found it difficult to wait for those injustices to end. Dream- Asked for peace and Racial Harmony

Who was General Lord Cornwallis?

British general who led many British victories.

What was the argument/ point made in Common Sense? How did it affect the independence movement?

British were too far away to rule the colonists, an island should not rule a continent, Britain treated the colonists so bad there was no way it could be a "mother country". These ideas were adopted by many colonists.

Why did congress attempt to impeach Johnson?

Broke the tenure in office act by firing a Radical Republican

How did each of the following cases heard by the Warren Court affect America?

Brown v. Board 1954 → stated that separate was not equal and called for desegregation in public schools Gideon v. Wainwright 1963→ The right to a lawyer if you get into trouble Miranda v. Arizona 1966→Miranda Rights, right to remain silent, right to attorney, etc.

What was the Watergate Scandal?

Burglars were found in the Watergate building which the committee was trying to re elect Richard Nixon. The president "secretly taped his conferences, and was involved with the crime.

Why was tobacco cultivation important for Jamestown?

Cash crop; economic activity, made colony survive

What was the Great Awakening?

Change in Christian worship in the 1730s and 1740s. People began to seek a more personal relationship with God. Ministers traveled and preached, established churches as the idea grew.

How did the use of Chinese labor lead to changes in immigration policy?

Chinese immigrants took jobs for lower pay which angered white people leading to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion act as well as California law prohibiting them from buying land or becoming a citizen.

Why did Dred Scott believe he could sue for his freedom? What was the court's ruling in the case?

Claimed he should be free because he lived with his master in free states, Supreme Court dismissed Dred Scott and proclaimed that no African American, free or not, could not be a US Citizen

What was the Marshall Plan created to do?

Cold war : words and ideology between communism and democracy ; russia a bear , steal mr. balduff and eat him!!!!!! SU trying to spread communism throughout the whole frickin world! Us, french ?and uk invade france on d day and the russians come in the other way. Potsdam conference? Promise to give free elections & Agreed to split germany into eastern and western part, 4 occupational zones. Split up in communist east germany 1948-1991 everything is done to FIGHT COMMUNISM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Berlin wall fell Sphere of influence: spread communism, that's why soviet union did what they did INSTEAD: they were setting up a buffer zone to protect them from any future european wars Give money to greece and turkey than any european , asian, latin american country as long as they do not become communist.

What is communism? Socialism?

Communism is when all production is equally owned by all the member of the state. All workers should work as much as possible; absence if money and ownership to establish social order Socialism: all workers should get an equal share in property and profit

What were the weaknesses of the AOC?

Conflicts among states threatened the nation because states held more power than the federal government.

How was New Amsterdam created? Why was it important?

Conquered by the British in 1664 who called it New York, founded by the Dutch who named it New Amsterdam. Important because it was very diverse and had toleration of many different religions. Harbors and rivers contributed to America's economy.

What was the Freedmen's Bureau? What was its significance?

Created by Congress in 1865 to help African Americans make the transition to freedom. It helped some freed slaves obtain land but Congress did not grant land or the absolute right to own land to all freed slaves, as these land grants would have provide African Americans with some economic independence.

What was the significance of the following battles/ events:

D-Day Surprise allied invasion of German controlled France. American and British forces were able to maintain a permanent beachhead in mainland Europe to resupply their forces and push east to Germany Midway Japanese attempted to sink American aircraft carriers but were unsuccessful as the US destroyed the Japanese aircraft carriers and protected the Midway Atoll, an American fueling station for ships and aircrafts Fall of Berlin The Soviet army attacked Berlin from the east, south, and north leading to one of the bloodiest battles in history. Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki President Truman decided that the only way to avoid an invasion of Japan and still defeat them was through the use of the atomic bomb, a weapon never seen before

What was Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring about?

DDT, how it's bad for society and the environment

Due to the issues of the Electoral College, what changes are called for?

Democrats called for the winner to be based on the popular vote rather than continuing with the electoral college

How did the rebellion show the weaknesses of the AOC?

Demonstrated how the weak national government was not able to repair the national economy

How did the Northwest Ordinance affect westward expansion?

Demonstrated to Americans that their national government intended to encourage westward expansion and that it would do so ny organizing new states that would be equal members of the union

What happened during the Clinton administration:

Describe NAFTA: (North American Free Trade Agreement) brought together the US, Canada, and Mexico allowing a tariff free trade between all of them Describe Clinton's impeachment and acquittal.: He was charged with obstruction of justice, which were based in improper use of money and that he lied under oath

How did the Continental Army become a professional fighting force?

Despite hardships such as Valley Forge, the army fought on and defeated the British.

How did George Washington handle the nation's involvement in foreign affairs? Why?

Did not get involved with foreign countries , do not get involved in political parties , no foreign alliances, no political parties (: Farewell address : during his farewell address, what did he warn his countrymen not to do?

What caused the development of political parties?

Differing views between Jefferson and Hamilton about the power of the government

What was the Declaration of Independence?

Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, explained the reasons for the colonists to declare independence from British.

What was Thomas Jefferson's role in writing the DOI?

Drafted the declaration.

How did the Dust Bowl affect the depression?

Dry conditions and high winds made farming impossible, tenant farmers and sharecroppers were hit the hardest as their landlords evicted them and sold the land. Over 500,000 Americans were left homeless and many farmers migrated west to California to look for work.

What is Rationing?

Each household received a "C book" with coupons that were used to buy scarce items such as meat, sugar, and coffee.

What were the major purposes of Wilson's 14 Points?

Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars

What was Shay's Rebellion?

Farmer rebellion led by Daniel Shay. Wanted personal debts resolved.

Where did "new" immigrants during this time period come from?

Eastern and Southern Europe

What efforts were made to change public schools? Who led this reform movement?

Education for the common man, some schooling for free blacks, education for the common people supported by taxes, led by Horace Mann

What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris 1763? How did it affect the colonists?

Ended the French and Indian War. France had to turn over Canada to Great Britain. France also gave up claims to land east of the Mississippi. Colonists lost control over their own affairs, ideas of American Revolution began.

Who is the EPA? What are their responsibilities?

Environmental protection agency: Develop and enforce regulations Give grants Study environmental issues Sponsor partnerships Educate people about the environment

What are Medicare / Medicaid?

Health insurance for old people/ health insurance for the poor people

What did John Locke write? How did it affect the DOI?

Father of Liberalism, "unalienable rights" (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness). Adopted in the Declaration.

What was the significance of the following battles? Fort Sumter? Antietam? Vicksburg? Gettysburg? Atlanta?

Fort Sumter? Confederates forces staged a 24 hour bombardment against Fort Sumter performing an act of open rebellion. President Lincoln then sent troops in response thus beginning the Civil war Antietam?General Lee marched his forces to Antietam Creek, Maryland against a larger Union army leading to the first major battle on Northern soil which was one of the bloodiest one-day battles in American history Vicksburg? In May and June of 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under Lt. Gen. John Pemberton. On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. This was the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war Gettysburg?The Battle of Gettysburg, fought in July 1863, was a Union victory that stopped Confederate General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. More than 50,000 men fell as casualties during the 3-day battle, making it the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War. Atlanta?Battle Of Atlanta Summary: The Battle of Atlanta was fought on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Union forces commanded by William T. Sherman, wanting to neutralize the important rail and supply hub, defeated Confederate forces defending the city under John B. Hood.

How and why was Pennsylvania developed?

Founded by the Quakers led by William Penn for religious tolerance

Who was Ben Franklin? Why was he an American Icon?

Founding Father. Was an example of individualism and social mobility, one of the world's leading authors, philosophers, and scientists.

Explain the significance of the colonist alliance with France during the Revolution?

France supported the colonists, helped Americans win victory in the Battle of Saratoga (1777).

Who were the opposing sides during the French and Indian War? Who won? How did it affect colonists?

French and Great Britain fought over land. Broke out in 1754, British won. Gave British government more control over the colonists.

Describe the importance of the personal computer and the cell phone as modern conveniences?

Gave Americans a glimpse of the technologies that would one day connect everyone to each other regardless of where they were.

What were the Civil War roles of: General Grant General Lee General "Stonewall" Jackson General Sherman President Jefferson Davis (CSA)

General Grant Won first union's victory, gained control of Mississippi River in Siege of Vicksburg, and accepted the surrender of Confederate general Lee to end the Civil War General Lee Fought Larger Union armies to standoff at the Battle of Antietam, Defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg, and surrendered to Union general Grant to end the civil war. General "Stonewall" Jackson Won first battle of Bull Run, Fought under General Lee and Antietam and the Second Bull Run, died in battle General Sherman Served under General Grant during Siege of Vicksburg, Destroyed Atlanta; ended the Confederacy's ability to fight, accepted surrenders of all confederate armies in the Carolinas ,Georgia and Florida President Jefferson Davis (CSA)US Senator from Mississippi, US Secretary of War, President of the Confederate States of America, appointed General Robert E. Lee ad general-in-chief of confederate armies

Who won the presidential race of 2000? Why?

George W. Bush because he got 271 Electoral College votes, whereas Gore got 266 Electoral College votes

What is unrestricted submarine warfare? How did it affect the US?

Germany announced their submarines would sink any ship in the waters around Britain without warning. They did this due to the fact that they could not effectively distinct merchant and armed vessels.

Who was John D. Rockefeller? Why is Standard Oil significant in American History?

He is the founder of the Standard Oil Company. The Standard Oil Company was a famous big business as Rockefeller gained control of most other oil companies and created a trust. Rockefeller came to own more than 90% of America's oil industry.

Who was Chavez? What did he fight for?

He was a Mexican-American labor that fought for Farmers' rights, and later founded the National Farm Association in 1962

Who was A Philip Randolph? What did his March on Washington seek to do?

He was a civil rights leader. The March on Washington was to gain racial harmony.

What was John Brown's raid? How did it affect views on slavery?

He was anti-slavery and led his family and other abolitionists to attack and kill pro-slavery southerners. Many people saw him as a terrorist and others believed he was an abolitionist martyr.

Who was Samuel Gompers?

He was the President of the American Federation of Labor

Who was Eugene Debs? What were his goals?

He was the Socialists party's candidate in 1904, 1908, and 1912. He was arrested and jailed for 10 years for hindering military recruiting by making speeches against it and American involvement in WWI

What was significant about President Ford?

He was the president after Nixon resigned, known as the unelected president. He granted Nixon a pardon from the Watergate Scandal

Who was Thomas Paine?

He wrote Common Sense

Who was Huey Long?

Huey Long was a Senator of Louisiana and one of Roosevelt's biggest critics. Long originally supported the New Deal, but changed his mind and set his sights on replacing Roosevelt as president. Long proposed for every American a home, food, clothes, and and education.

What is imperialism? What made America an imperial power?

Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Imperialism was demonstrated by the US through the annexation of Hawaii, where they received possession and control of all ports, buildings, harbors, military equipment, and public property that had formerly belonged to the Government of the Hawaiian Islands.

What caused the loss of the Massachusetts Charter?

In 1686, British King canceled this charter to make America an independent colony

What happened at the Bay of Pigs?

In 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles, trained by the CIA, tried to stage an invasion at the Cuba's Bay of Pigs. Fidel Castro's troops crushed the small troops after JFK refused to involve the US Armed Forces

Why did Nixon go to China?

In hopes to stop communism in China.

What are the Black Codes? Why were they created?

In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

What role did President Truman play in the Civil Rights Movement?

Include E.O. 9980 & E.O. 9981 Integrates the military

What was the impact of Sputnik I to US-USSR relations?

Increased tensions by heightening the US fears of the Soviet Union using rockets to launch weapons against the United States as well as allied nations

How did the railroad industry affect the steel industry

Increased the need for steel because it was needed in the production of the railroads

Who was Montesquieu write? What idea(s) of his were used to influence American government?

Influenced the draft of the Constitution. Theory of separation of powers.

What are the following political reforms:

Initiative: Voters could directly propose legislation themselves, bypassing the boss-bought state legislatures. Recall:Enabled voters to remove faithless elected officials, particularly those who had been bribed by bosses or lobbyist. Referendum: This would place laws on the ballot for final approval by the people, especially laws that had been railroaded through a compliant legislation by free-spending agents of big business 17th Amendment: Established the direct election of U.S senators Reform of labor laws: Progressives worked to end child labor and also for better working conditions

What was the Industrial Revolution? How did it affect the US?

It affected the US by ramping up the technology used and tools and production of goods

What is the significance of interchangeable parts?

It allowed for the mass production of products

What was the American Federation of Labor? What was their purpose?

It was a group of labor unions who banded together to create the American Federation of Labor. Their purpose was to convince employers to give the workers shorter workdays, better working condition, higher wages, and greater control over how they carried out their workplace responsibilities.

What was the Women's Suffrage Movement? And what role did Elizabeth Cady Stanton play in this movement?

It was the fact that women were not treated equally, and men were superior to women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton helped organize the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848, she later formed the National Women's Loyal League with Susan B. Anthony in 1863

What were the social effects of Jackie Robinson and the integration of Baseball?

Jackie robinson number 41 breaks race barrier

What was Bacon's Rebellion? Why was it significant? What changes did it cause?

Jamestown, in 1676, where the settlers rebelled against William Berkeley the governor, this rebellion was led by Nathaniel Bacon

Who was Jane Addams? What was the Hull House?

Jane Addams was a middle class woman who was deeply dedicated to uplifting the urban masses. A settlement house established as a Hull House by Jane Addams where immigrants went to live after entering the United States.

How was life different on the homefront during WWI? (i.e. what sacrifices did people make, what rights did they give up?)

War bonds and saving stamps were some things people did to support the war. Also many Americans volunteered in the military.

How did Jefferson obtain the Louisiana Purchase?

Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans controlled by Napoleon where he agreed to sell not only the New Orleans port put the whole Louisiana territory for $15 million

Describe the Nullification Crisis (include John C. Calhoun).

John C. Calhoun argued with President Andrew Jackson about the right of states to nullify federal laws they imposed when southern states sought to nullify a high tariff congress had passed on manufactured goods from Europe

Who was Powhatan? Why was he important?

Leader of local native american group. Engaged in trade with the Jamestown colonists

How effective a leader was George Washington as a military leader?

Led the Continental Army, good tactics, was both gentle and brutal. Very effective, which allowed him to gain popularity. Extraordinary leadership abilities.

How did the French and Indian War lead to the American Revolution?

Led to the colonists having their freedom restricted by the British, which put revolution ideas in the colonists heads and eventually sparked acts and the revolution.

Who was accused of JFK's assassination and the assassination affect America & Civil Rights legislation?

Lee Harvey Oswald The assassination terrified blacks. They were fearful that because Kennedy was gone the former ways of civil rights and treatment towards blacks would return. The death terrified and saddened the nation.

How these inventions from Thomas Edison affect Americans:

Light bulb Stimulated a lighting industry that quickly spread across the country and established a need for large central stations Motion pictures Movies provided a change from day-to-day life and were an important social force. Young Americans would try to copy what they saw in movies giving people from various social status' something in common Phonographs Let Americans feel a more immediate connection to people and places removed by geological distance and time

How did the following people / places / events influence the Harlem Renaissance?

Louis Armstrong Became known as "Satchmo" while playing with the Creole Jazz Band and later became one of the biggest stars of jazz music due to his sense of rhythm and his improvisational skills Jazz Combined themes and note patterns developed by enslaved African Americans with the syncopated rhythms created by musicians in New Orleans and elsewhere in the South Langston Hughes Wrote about the lives of the working class african americans and sometimes set his words to the tempo of jazz or blues Irving Berlin One of the most famous composers who wrote hundreds of songs including "God Bless America" and "White Christmas" Tin Pan Alley Another musical movement that rose in New York City. The name is deceiving as it not only refers to the actual place of Manhattan, but also the name of the group writers and publishers that worked there.

What is the importance of the Erie Canal? (i.e. what did it connect and how did it help New York?)

Lowered transportation costs as well as opening up western New York and regions farther west to increase settlement

What is sectionalism?

Loyalty to the interests of one's region or section of the United States rather than the United States as a whole

What was mass production? How was this method used in Henry Ford's factory?

Manufacturing large quantities of standardized products. Henry Ford made his assembly lines more efficient in his Rouge River plant, a new car would come out every 10 minutes.

How did China become Communist?

Mao zedong communist revolution

What are examples of the US commitment to Europe?

Military bases throughout Germany. The Berlin Airlift- Soviets built a wall around the democratic sectors of Berlin stopping train traffic and roads connecting the sectors. The US would send airlifts every so often and drop supplies to the other sectors.

Define: Muckraker. How did they change American society?

Muckraker is the nickname given to young reporters to popular magazines. They changed society by using publicity to bring public attention to social and political issues.

What does the acronym NAACP stand for? What is its mission?

National Association for the Advancement of the Colored people: to eliminate the separation between the white people and black people, to create a peaceful society

How did the Western US during this time treat Native Americans?

Native Americans were treated horribly and forced to move in order for Americans to have more land to live on and use. The Native Americans ended up being placed on reservations.

Why did the mid-Atlantic Colonies develop? What were the major reasons?

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New York. Settled by people such as the Quakers and the Dutch due to farming land and a push for religious freedom and diversity.

What were the major components of the compromise of 1850?

New Mexico will be established by its borders from Texas. New Mexico decides whether it is will be for or against slavery. California added to the Union as a free state. All citizen will have to return runaway slave to their owners or punishment. Slave trade is abolished in the District of Columbia, but practice is allowed there.

What was the purpose and Ellis Island?

New immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe Arrived to America through here From 1892 to 1954, over twelve million immigrants entered the United States through the portal of Ellis Island, a small island in New York Harbor. Ellis Island is located in the upper bay just off the New Jersey coast, within the shadow of the Statue of Liberty

What was the Korean War about? Which President ended the war? Who won the war?

North Korea invades democratic South Korea. US attacks North Korea, stops at the 38th parallel. (Synthesis: War of 1812- lost the war, but socially we won causing a surge of Nationalism; Korean War- Won the war but lost socially)

What was the 14th amendment?

On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.

Describe the following causes of the Great Depression

Overproduction Reduced regulations and low corporate taxes increased the profits of corporations and made their stocks more valuable Under consumption The poor and working class lost the ability to buy products because their wages stayed the same while prices rose Speculation Banks loaned people money to buy stock with very little money down The Crash of 1929 Investors began to panic and sell their stock and as more people sold their stock, others began to panic and sold their stock which then drove down prices

How did the African American population grew during this time?

Slaves tried to make the best of their lives in America, established communities adopted various cultural traditions. Led to more children, along with the import of slaves from Africa because the demand for slaves was so high.

What was the Neutrality Act?

Passed by Congress making it illegal to sell arms or make loans to nations of war in an attempt to President Roosevelt from involving the country in the Europeans war.

What were the effects of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Passed by JFK because of MLK

Who are the Baby Boomers?

People who were born after the war was over, (Grandparents) 1946-1964

What court decision did Brown v. Board of education reverse? Why this decision was resisted so much?

Plessy vs. Ferguson Southern Manifesto: southern resistance

How were German-Americans and Italian-Americans treated?

Poorly and like they were less. Americans did not like them because they threatened their jobs

What were the differences between the North and South in the following areas: (i.e. who had more?)

Population Virginia had the highest ratio of free blacks to slaves, but even there only 9 percent of the state's black population was free. Railways The north had significantly had more railroad mileage that the south putting the south at a major disadvantage Industrial output The north was highly industrial leading to the booming of urbanization and big cities whereas the south was highly agricultural not due to a lack of resources but primarily due to its slavery economy

What was the purpose of the Wagner Act?

Social Security

What is the policy of neutrality?

President Wilson formerly proclaimed the neutrality of the United States as WWI erupted in Europe

What were the following acts? How did the colonists respond?

Proclamation of 1763: Ended the French and Indian War. France had to turn over Canada to Great Britain. France also gave up claims to land east of the Mississippi. Colonists lost control over their own affairs, ideas of American Revolution began. Sugar Act: Tax on sugar products. Angered colonists due to tax on whisky. "Look, when Britain taxed our tea, we got frisky. Imagine what gon' happen when you try to tax our whisky" - Hamilton lol. Intolerable Acts: Closed Boston ports as result of Boston Tea Party, forced colonists to house British troops, allowed for British officials to be excused from major crimes. Led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty and the Daughters of Liberty.

What was the second New Deal?

Programs instituted by President Roosevelt after his original New Deal failed to completely fix the American Economy. Included the Wagner Act as well as the Social Security Act, one of the most important acts.

What was the 18th amendment?

Prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the US

What were the three parts of the nation's infrastructure that Henry Clay tried to improve with his American Plan?

Proposed a tariff, the establishment of a national bank, and increased construction of roads and canals

What was the League of Nations?

Proposed in Wilson's fourteen points as he envisioned an assembly with seats for all nations and a special council for the great powers. The US did not get involved as Congress couldn't decide weather or not to get involved with the war.

Who were the Committees of Correspondence?

Rallied colonial opposition against the British government. Established political union between the colonies.

What is the Social Security Act?

Social Security Act of 1935 created a federal insurance program based on the automatic collection of taxes from employees and employers throughout people's working careers. They would receive this money in a monthly pension when they reached the age of 65. The unemployed, disabled, and mothers with dependent children would also receive this money.

What is Social Mobility? Individualism?

Social mobility- ability to rise in society no matter the beginning social stance of a person. Individualism- ways to improve oneself.

What were the major components of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Repealed the Missouri Compromise and established popular sovereignty

What was the role of women during the WWII?

Rosie the riveter, Women in industrial positions

What is significant about Regents of the University of California v. Bakke? What is Affirmative Action?

Ruled that the university's racial "quotas" in administration process were unconstitutional, Affirmative action is the acceptance of more minority applicants was constitutional in certain situations.

What was the purpose of the SNCC and the SCLC? What are the differences in their approaches to Civil Rights reforms?

SNCC— formed to give younger blacks more of a voice in the civil rights movement, became one of the movement's more radical branches and encouraged those who formed SNCC to look beyond integration to broader social change and to view King's principle of nonviolence more as a political tactic than as a way of life SCLC— main aim was to advance the cause of civil rights in America but in a non-violent manner, leader was MLK

Describe the main points and effects of the Gettysburg Address

Said the purpose of the war was to protect liberty, equality, democratic ideas, honor the dead, reaffirm Declaration, and reunite the nation. The war was no longer just about preserving the Union but about abolishing slavery. This boosted Northern Morale.

What was McCarthyism?

Senator Joseph McCarthy sed up the red scare, hunting down communist

What was the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson? How did it change America?

Separate but equal, sets up an era of jim crow; segregation

What were the main reasons for the French settling Quebec?

Settled to secure natural resources in North America, like fur.

What did Ida Tarbell write about? How did the government respond to her writings?

She wrote about the Standard Oil Company. The government responded by breaking up the monopoly which was decided by the U.S Supreme Court.

What happened at Kent State?

Shooting, four college students died

How did President Bush respond?

Signed a law saying that any foreign people can be suspected as terrorists. He authorized the Operation Enduring Freedom which was the attack on Afghanistan in hopes to destroy leader Al-Qaeda

What were sit-ins? Freedom rides?

Sit-ins→ protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Freedom Rides→ A group of northern idealists active in the civil rights movement. The Freedom Riders, who included both blacks and whites, rode buses into the South in the early 1960s in order to challenge racial segregation. Freedom Riders were regularly attacked by mobs of angry whites and received often belated protection from federal officers.

How did the Northwest Ordinance deal with: Slavery? Education? New States?

Slavery and involuntary servitude was forbidden in the Northwest territory. Education provided a basic right to an education. New states could apply for statehood when the had 60 thousand people and a constitution

Which region of colonies (Southern, New England, Middle) was primarily settled for religious reasons? Name those colonies and religious group(s) there.

Southern: Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia/ Baptist, Anglican: not that influential on lives New England: Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire/ Puritan Middle: New Jersey, New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania/ Lutheran, Jewish, Catholics; most religious reasons

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Soviet Union placed nuclear tipped missiles on cuba - 90 miles from U.S. JFK 1962- navy embargo around cub Russia tries to send

What was the Great Compromise? How did satisfy both large and small states?

Split Congress into 2 different houses: The House of Reps was created to please the larger states as the amount of representatives is based on population, and the Senate was created to please the smaller states as 2 representatives were appointed from each state to create equal representation.

What affects did The Jungle have on federal oversight on food and drug processing?

Started cracking down pure food and drug administration; book taken as how terrible our food was Creates pure food and drug administration

What are Jim Crow Laws?

Systematic state-legal codes of segregation which stated "separate but equal" facilities were legal for white and blacks

What does the acronym TVA stand for? What was it created to do?

Tennessee Valley Authority. Built dams for flood control and hydroelectric power in the Tennessee valley, created projects to combat erosion and deforestation.

How did this change urban America?

The "new" immigrants impacted America greatly in a cultural sense and exposed america to new ideas, fashions, foods, and much more. America became the melting pot.

What was the 13th amendment

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

What was the 15th amendment?

The 15th Amendment to the Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

What is the Electoral College?

The Electoral College is a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.

What was the Purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation led the way to total abolition of slavery in the United States.

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents.

What was the 1894 Pullman strike? Why did it happen?

The Pullman railcar factory fired almost half of its workforce and cut wages by 25%-50%. The workers went on strike and business came to a halt as the workers attacked others who went to work for the company. The President sent the US army to restore peace.

What was the Red Scare?

The Red Scare was a conviction of all the communists in the US

What was the Seneca Falls Conference?

The first women's rights convention, 2 days long held in Seneca Falls New York on July 19th and 20th, 1848

How did TV affect the Civil Rights Movement?

The Tv impacted the Civil Rights movement by showing people around the United States the actions of others; the bus boycotts, marches

What is the Panama Canal? Why did the US create it?

The US built the Panama Canal to benefit shipping cost and to shorten the time it took to get across by not having to travel around South America but instead taking a shortcut across. After Panama won its independence, the US gained control of the 10-mile strip with the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty.

What did the US gain from the Spanish-American War?

The US gained new territories with the result of the war. Spain ceded rights to Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico.

What were the reasons for the 9/11 attacks?

The United Nations wanted to stop Saddam Hussein from re-building his army, so it put strict sanctions on trade with Iraq. Bin Laden believed that the children Iraq were dying as the sanctions cut medical supplies, and argued that the United Nations never put sanctions on Israel even though they never obey the UN's orders, leading to a growing hatred for the US believing that he could take them down.

Who won the Battle of Yorktown? Why were they successful (2-3 reasons)?

The World Turned Upside Down. Patriots won. Fought in small groups, fought upfront, were determined, spies on the British.

How did all of these affect modern America?

The baby boomers need social security, nursing homes. Canes, etc. Many people are retiring everyday (10,000 a day)

What is Manifest Destiny? How did it affect westward expansion?

The belief that Americans had the right to expand westward, it highly increased the expansion westward because they believed it was their right.

What was the Wilmot Proviso? How did it try to affect slavery in the new territory?

The determination of whether or not New Mexico, and California would be a slave state or an anti slave state. Proposed by antislavery position, but the House of Congress failed to approve it, remained unresolved

What is Mercantilism? Who benefits from it?

The earth has a limited supply of wealth in the form of natural resources, so to become a strong nation one must acquire the most wealth. As one nation became stronger and wealthier another would become poorer and weaker. The strong countries benefited, such as England.

How did the Cuban Revolution affect the US?

The existence of a communist nation allied with the Soviet Union 90 miles off the coast of the United States jeopardized the US's containment strategy

What was the House of Burgesses? What was its significance?

The first colonial legislature branch in colonial British north america (in Jamestown)

Who was Eleanor Roosevelt? What did she do as a women's activist?

The first lady of the United States to President Roosevelt. After WWI, Eleanor Roosevelt worked with the International Congress of Working Women and the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom. She joined the League of Women Voters and the Women's Trade Union League as well.

What progressive reforms improved living conditions for poor people in cities?

The housing and sanitation reforms which required set standards for homes in the city and also required improved sanitation such as trash-pick up and sewage systems.

What is Habeas Corpus? Why did Lincoln suspend it?

The legal right that anyone imprisoned must be taken before a judge to determine if the prisoner is being legally held in custody. Lincoln did this to legalize the holding of Confederate sympathizers without trials and without a judge to agree they were legally imprisoned.

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural south to the urban northeast, midwest, and west

What was the trans-Atlantic trade system?

The trade system between the new world, Europe, and Africa. Raw materials from the Americas to Europe, manufactured goods to Africa, slaves to the Americas.

How did unemployment affect Americans during this time?

The unemployment rate reached 25% and unemployed workers who did not have a savings could not pay off their debt and were evicted from their homes leading to homeless and unemployed Americans so set up camps known as Hoovervilles.

How did the war affect national identity?

There was a surge of nationalism throughout the country

What was the effect of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

This act, passed in 1965, outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into several Southern states. This act did not end discrimination and oppression overnight, but it helped blacks get a foothold on change.

What was this significance of the Kennedy / Nixon debates?

This debate was broadcasted on television, it was the first presidential debate to be on TV.

How did it signify industrial unrest during this time?

This demonstrated the government's support of big business over labor

What was the purpose of town meetings?

To agree and catch up on the events and beliefs in the town.

What was the goal of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

To explore the western lands to the Pacific Ocean including charting trails west, mapping rivers and mountain ranges, wrote descriptions and collected samples of unfamiliar plants and animals, and recorded facts about various native american tribes

What did the Monroe Doctrine state?

Told Europeans to stay out of Latin American affairs

How did the railroad expansion help industries?

Transportation of goods

What treaty ended the American Revolution (include the year)? What were the terms of this treaty?

Treaty of Paris 1783

Name the company that founded the colony of Virginia. What type of company was it?

Virginia company founded the Jamestown colony

Who were Federalists? What did they believe?

Wanted stronger government that could handle the national economic, political, and diplomatic issues for the country.

Who were anti-federalists? What did they believe?

Wanted to maintain sovereignty of the individual states.

What was the significance of the Tet offensive? Why were many Americans opposed to the war after Tet?

Was one of the Vietcong's largest military campaign, but failed in its attempt to drive Americans out of Vietnam. Many Americans began to question why President Lyndon Johnson had told them that the US was winning the war, leading to a growing opposition to the war.

What was the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and the victory at Trenton?

Washington and his troops crossed the Delaware River in order to attack troops at Trenton. This encouraged the Continental troops because they felt they could actually defeat the British.

How many terms did Washington serve? What three things did he warn against in his farewell address?

Washington served two terms and during his farewell address he warned against sectionalism, political parties, and foreign affairs

What happened domestically and internationally during Reagan's presidency:

What was Reaganomics:nickname for a Reagan's economic policy; budget cuts, tax cuts, and increased the defense spending. Led to severe recession Describe the Iran-Contra Scandal:Reagan's' failure; sold weapons to Iran and enemy of the USS. till do not know too much about this scandal (details) Why did the Soviet Union collapse:because Reagan biggest success, Last leader of USSR set up freedom of speech and freedom of press and other reforms in the USSR breaking up of the 15 states US 5 of which now makeup Russia and the other 10 are independent countries.

What were the following abolitionists known for/ publish? William Lloyd Garrison? Fredrick Douglas? The Grimke sisters?

William Lloyd Garrison?The liberator, it was known as the voice of abolitionism, antislavery newspaper, audience were slaves. Fredrick Douglas? Autobiographies of his experiences, especially about his efforts of escaping slavery in his own antislavery newspaper. The Grimke sisters? Sarah and Angelina, Southern wealthy women but lectured in the North about how awful slavery was their letters became published in the newspaper

Why did the US stay neutral at the beginning of WWI?

Wilson hoped that America could be "impartial in thought as well as in action"

How did it change the purpose of the war?

With the Emancipation Proclamation, the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union.

What was significant about Roe v. Wade?

Womans right to privacy and abortion

Prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the US

Women's' rights; Unified suffrage laws across the US

What were the Articles of Confederation?

Written during the Revolution. Created a government with no executive branch and lacked power to tax, commerce economy, and establish national currency. Gave individual states more power.

Who was Upton Sinclair?

Wrote The Jungle

What is Yellow Journalism? How did it cause the Spanish-American War?

Yellow Journalism is writing in news or published articles based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. When the Spanish sunk the USS Maine, Hearst and Pulitzer took this opportunity to promote a war with the Spanish with their influence through yellow journalism.

What are Levittowns?

`Houses or suburbs; New York

What was the Great Society? List at least 4 programs that were a part of LBJ's Great Society.

a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs. War on Poverty: forty programs that were intended to eliminate poverty by improving living conditions and enabling people to lift themselves out of the cycle of poverty. Education: sixty separate bills that provided for new and better-equipped classrooms, minority scholarships, and low-interest student loans. Medicare & Medicaid: guaranteed health care to every American over sixty-five. The Environment: introduced measures to reclaim our heritage of clean air and water. National Endowment for the Arts and the Humanities: created with the philosophy that artists, performers, and writers were a priceless part of our heritage and deserve support. Job Corps: provided enabling skills for young men and women. Head Start: program for four- and five-year-old children from disadvantaged families that gave them a chance to start school on an even basis with other youngsters.

Who was Earl Warren? (include link to President Kennedy)

prominent 20th century leader of American politics and law Warren was best friends with Kennedy and was devastated when Kennedy was assassinated, Mrs. Kennedy asked Warren to give a speech. After failing to claim the Republican nomination for the presidency, he was appointed the 14th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953 Responsible for Brown V. Board, amongst others The Warren Court also sought electoral reforms, equality in criminal justice and the defense of human rights before he retired in 1969

What was the Containment Policy?

push all the way back to the border of China