hw 2 chp 14

represents the system that (1) increases the metabolic rate of body cells; (2) raises blood glucose levels; and (3) mobilizes fats for use as fuels

(autonomic) sympathetic nervous system

represents the system that causes the skin to turn red after taking a very warm shower or sitting in a Jacuzzi

(autonomic) sympathetic nervous system

represents the system that innervates adipose tissue to stimulate fat breakdown

(autonomic) sympathetic nervous system

represents the system that regulates the release of renin from the kidney

(autonomic) sympathetic nervous system

Muscarinic receptors

ACh; either inhibitory or stimulatory (depending on the target organ)

Which of the following neurotransmitters would be the only secretion of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system?

Acetylcholine

Beta 3 receptors

Adipose tissue

correct matching.

Albuterol and asthma. Phenlephrine and nasal decongestant. Pilocarpine and glaucoma.

limbic system (emotional input)

Allows emotional responses of the cerebrum in the face of danger and stress signals

Pilocarpine

Amuscarinic agent; used in the treatment of glaucoma

Neostigmine

An anticholinesterase; used to treat myasthenia gravis

are matched correctly

Antagonistic: activity of the heart, respiratory system, and GI system. Sympathetic alone: thermoregulatory response to heat. Cooperative: external genitalia.

Beta blockers

Block Beta receptors; decreasing blood pressure

Alpha 1 receptors

Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae

area where biofeedback studies have shown that voluntary cortical control of visceral activities is possible? While this capability is untapped in most people, this would allow self-control heart rate and blood pressure.

Cerebral cortex; frontal lobe

Vagotomy

Cutting or severing of the vagus nerve to decrease secretion of gastric juice in patients with peptic ulcers who do not respond to medication

Muscarinic receptors

Eccrine sweat glands

Raynaud's disease

Exaggerated vasoconstriction response to cold or emotional stress (occurs in fingers and toes)

is true with regards to localized versus diffuse effects of the autonomic nervous system

Hormones released by the adrenal medullary into the blood require destruction by the liver and thus are relatively long lasting

true

In blood coagulation, the parasympathetic nervous system no effect (no innervation) and the sympathetic nervous system increases coagulation.

true

In the kidney, the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innervation) and the sympathetic nervous system promotes renin release; causes vasoconstriction; decreases urine output

true

In the lungs, the parasympathetic nervous system constricts bronchioles and the sympathetic nervous system dilates bronchioles.

Cerebral cortex; frontal lobe

Inputs converge on the hypothalamus to allow some voluntary control of the ANS

Joe works long, stress- filled shifts as an air traffic controller at a busy airport. His doctor prescribed a beta blocker. Why might his doctor have done this? What does a beta-blocker do?

Jackson's doctor may have prescribed a beta-blocker because Jackson has hypertension. (Chronic stress is a factor in causing hypertension.) The beta-blocker will decrease blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing heart rate and force of contraction, and by decreasing renin release from the kidneys

true

Most autonomic disorders reflect exaggerated or deficient controls of smooth muscle activity.

Nicotinic receptors

Motor end plates of skeletal muscles. ACh; stimulatory

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

NE or epinephrine; usually excitatory

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors

NE or epinephrine; usually inhibitory

true

Nicotine and smoking cessation products

Which substances is a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Norepinephrine

heart muscle

Parasympathetic decreases heart rate and sympathetic increases rate and force of the heartbeat

represents the system stimulation dilates blood vessels in the external genitalia, producing the erection of the male penis or female clitoris during sexual excitement

Parasympathetic nervous system (autonomic)

represents the system that leads to ejaculation of semen by the penis or reflex contractions of the vagina

Parasympathetic nervous system (autonomic)

spinal cord

Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation

(autonomic) sympathetic nervous system

Regulates blood vessel diameter. -Represents the system that, when activated, has a widespread and prolonged effect and explains why we need time to "come down"

Brain stem (reticular formation,etc..)

Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc.

represents the system that conducts impulses more quickly

Somatic nervous system.

In some cases of trauma to the spinal cord, the normally cooperative innervation of the reproductive organs will be interrupted by disruption of the sympathetic nervous system. The outward sign of unopposed parasympathetic activity in the reproductive system would result in what outward sign in males?

Stimulation dilates blood vessels in the external genitalia, producing the erection of the male penis

does not secrete acetylcholine

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Sympathetic receptors on the heart

Why do doctors sometimes prescribe drugs called "sympatholytic agents" to treat hypertension?

Sympatholytic agents block β receptors, decreasing blood pressure.

Hypotalamus

The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS

Which part of the brain is the main integration center of the ANS? Which part exerts the most direct influence over autonomic funtions?

The main integration center of the ANS is the hypothalamus, although the most direct influence is through the brain stem reticular formation and the reflex centers in the pons and medulla oblongata.

Name the division of the ANS that does each of this; increase digestive activity; increase blood pressure; dilates bronchioles; decreases heart rate; stimulates te adrenal medulla to release its hormones; causes ejaculation.

The parasympathetic nervous system increases digestive activity and decreases heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system increases blood pressure, dilates bronchioles, stimulates the adrenal medulla to release its hormones, and causes ejaculation.

is true about nicotinic receptors

When ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, the effect is always stimulatory.

In which of the system the parasympathetic nervous system have a role?

eye (iris); Glands (nasal, lacrimal, gastric, pancreas). lungs; urinary bladder/urethra; GI, penis, vagina.

Nicotinic agents are only used _

in smoking cessation products