I drive Safely VA
Stopping distances involve three factors:
Perception distance Reaction distance Braking distance
Traveling faster than the speed limit increases both the risk and the __________ of a crash.
severity
Our natural tendency is to concentrate on what is going on ahead of where we are going, so you need to check your mirrors__________.
whenever you change speed or position
Fines can range between $100 and $500. It is also illegal to share disabled placards. Only the individual that qualifies can use the placard. This offense is punishable by a fine up to $500. Any of the above mentioned offenses are labeled as Class II Misdemeanors. To report inappropriate or fraudulent use of placards or plates, please call 1-866-266-6474.
yes
Vision begins to decline around age 15.
yes
You are among the approximately 199 million licensed drivers in the United States.
yes
blood-alcohol concentration (BAC)
yes
you will still require a "control zone" of about 12-15 seconds ahead to safely execute your maneuver.
yes
Determine a safe speed to travel based on ____________.
all the above
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists accidental death
as the fifth leading cause of death in the United States.
Conduct a mental list related to the condition of each driving element. If your list has unfavorable factors in one or more categories, your
crash probability is at an elevated level
A __________ headlight lens can cut the amount of light it emits by 90%.
dirty
Injury and death associated with traffic-related crashes are
two of our largest societal problems.
Position the seat so that your chest is 10 to 12 inches from the hub of the steering wheel.
yes
Safe driving requires sound judgment, reasoning and concentration.
yes
The kinetic energy of a vehicle is the extra energy it has gained as a result of its motion.
yes
The laws of nature are physical forces that are with you whenever you drive. These forces include gravity, friction, inertia, kinetic energy, and the force of impact.
yes
When you decide to execute a maneuver, you will need a control zone of approximately 12 to 15 seconds.
yes
Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death for people
3 to 33
Driving under the influence (DUI)
yes
If you are traveling 40 mph, in three seconds you will travel 180 feet. At 60 mph, the distance increases to 270 feet. At speeds of more than 50 mph, it also is important to identify an alternate path into which you can steer if the path is suddenly blocked. Your stopping distance may be greater than the distance you can see ahead.
yes
If you weigh 100 pounds, are traveling at 30 mph, and hit a stationary object, the force of impact is 3000 pounds (mass multiplied by acceleration).
yes
In 2008 there were 5,811,000 traffic collisions reported. These collisions cost the national economy over $230 billion as they relate to property damage, medical costs, insurance premiums, and lost time at work.
yes
In 2008, the majority of people killed or injured in crashes were drivers (57%), followed by passengers (22%), and motorcycle riders (16%).
yes
Recognize how your driving environment changes each time you get behind the wheel - weather, road conditions, your vehicle, and other drivers are unpredictable.
yes
The biggest benefit of slowing down to manage gravity, friction, inertia, and kinetic energy is the reduction in the final "killer" force - the force of impact.
yes
Three Point Violations High-occupancy vehicle lanes (HOV) penalties. The first offense results in a fine of $50-$125, second offense within 5 years is a fine of $250, third offense within 5 years is a fine of $500, and fourth or subsequent offense within 5 years is a fine of $1,000.
yes
Traveling at 25 mph, 30 seconds ahead is about two and one half blocks. At 30 mph, 30 seconds ahead is close to two blocks.
yes
Use your low-beam headlights in fog, snow, or rain. The water droplets in rain and the flakes in snow will reflect the light of your high-beam headlights back into your eyes and make an already poor visibility situation even worse.
yes
What you are able to see without obstruction is called your "line-of-sight."
yes
When you become a resident of Virginia, you have 30 days to obtain a Virginia title and registration for your vehicle, and 60 days to obtain a Virginia driver's license.
yes
about one out of every ten drivers is involved in a crash each year.
yes
f for any reason you are mentally incompetent, even as a temporary condition, it is illegal to drive.
yes
n 2008, persons 20-24 years old had the highest fatality rate. For all age groups, the fatality rate is higher for males.
yes
You may not operate a vehicle unless all child passengers __________ are either wearing a safety belt assembly or are securely fastened into an approved child restraint device.
8-17 years old
Over ____ percent of the vehicles involved in motor vehicle crashes in 2008 were passenger cars or light
80
Common fluid colors and their indications include:
Red: Transmission fluid (check transmission seals) Purple: Power steering fluid (check system) Black: Motor oil (check the engine, and replace the oil) Green or Orange: Coolant (check the water pump) Clear: Water (usually normal condensation or water from the air conditioner)
Immediate Suspension
he person was driving a motor vehicle when he or she had 0.08 or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood. The person was under 21 years of age and had a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.02 or greater, as measured by a preliminary alcohol screening test, or other chemical test.
The use of turn signals and your __________ are the methods of communicating to other road users that are used most often.
brake lights
Negative thoughts that occur while driving often surface in the form of __________.
hostile verbal expression
Traveling at high speeds requires__________.
greater stopping distances
Step vans (delivery trucks) and 15-passenger vans __________.
have poor rearward vision
At highway speeds of 60 mph you will need an additional five to seven seconds to pass a large vehicle such as a tractor-trailer truck or bus traveling 50 mph. During the 25 to 27 seconds needed to complete the pass safely you will travel 2,250 feet to 2,450 feet.
if oncoming traffic is also traveling 60 mph, you will need almost one mile of clear space in the opposing lane.
Most hazards or obstacles will be detected _____ of your vehicle.
in front
Traffic engineers are improving the visibility of advance warning signs with the use of fluorescent reflective shielding. You may begin to notice this particularly in school zones and construction zones.
yes
Males can eliminate alcohol from their bodies faster than women due to having higher amounts of __________.
the dehydrogenase enzyme
When passing a stopped school bus, you do not need to stop if __________.
the school bus is on the opposite side of a roadway that is divided by a physical barrier.
Avoid fast starts, abrupt stops, and sharp turns. Tire failure can occur suddenly and without warning. A "blowout" occurs when a tire suddenly loses all of its air pressure.
y
Before entering an intersection, the safest searching process is to search ________. Correct: left, center, right, left again
y
Before you have work done on your vehicle,________. Correct: get a detailed estimate that includes the service, the parts, and the labor costs
y
Blind persons present. Drivers must always yield the right-of-way to persons who are blind. When a pedestrian is crossing a street or highway guided by a dog or carrying a white or metallic cane (with or without a red tip), vehicles must come to a complete stop (VC 46.2-932.1).
y
Blind spots around large vehicles are called "no-zones" because occupying these zones is extremely dangerous and not recommended.
y
Blocked lane. If your lane is blocked, you must yield the right-of-way to other vehicles around you before you prepare a lane change to go around the vehicle blocking your lane.
y
In Virginia, you do not have to stop on a divided road if you are not going the same direction as the school bus, but be aware that it may be required in other states (§ 46.2-859).
y
Intersections are unforgiving environments. Traffic can be traveling 25-55 mph or faster.
y
It is illegal to pass when there is a solid line on your side of the road. Passing is permitted if there is a broken line on your side of the road and there are no oncoming vehicles in the passing lane.
y
Keep a 4-second following distance between the moving van and the vehicle in front of you.
y
White lettering and symbols painted on the surface of the roadway are used to supplement signs and signals.
yes
As your speed increases you will cover more distance-which will decrease the time it takes you to perceive, react, and brake when necessary.
yes
At a typical intersection, you are surrounded by other drivers that are distracted or not paying attention.
yes
At an uncontrolled intersection, if another vehicle is in the lane you want to enter, they have the right-of-way.
yes
Avoid scheduling a drive when your circadian rhythm is low. These times are when you are more likely to zone out, blank out, or experience microsleeps at the wheel.
yes
Before driving, conduct an inventory of how you are thinking and feeling. If you are experiencing any "side effects" that affect your vision, thinking, or reaction time, do not drive.
yes
Concentrate on the safety of your vehicle, yourself, and your passengers. Be a courteous driver and enjoy your journey.
yes
Contrast sensitivity is the capacity to sharply see the difference between two similarly colored objects.
yes
Depressants slow the brain's processing ability to perceive and also slow the muscle response or reaction time.
yes
Diamond-shaped warning signs communicate danger and are read from the top to the bottom. Be prepared to adjust your speed and position when you see a warning sign.
yes
Drivers make about two incorrect decisions per mile, which averages 48 incorrect decisions per day, per driver.
yes
Drivers who drive recklessly while experiencing these emotions are characterized as unwilling to exercise self-control because of fear, vengeance, prejudice, or disrespect for others.
yes
Drivers who drive recklessly while experiencing these emotions are characterized as unwilling to exercise self-control because they are experiencing fear, vengeance, and prejudice or expressing disrespect for others.
yes
Driving requires interaction between your body and mental processes. Drivers routinely drive in mental states that interfere with the ability to perceive risk and react quickly. You are impaired when your ability to operate a vehicle is limited or hampered.
yes
Drowsy driving is now recognized as one of the leading causes of traffic crashes.
yes
During that single mile, you will make approximately 20 decisions - decisions that tell your hands to steer, your feet to brake, or both.
yes
For each mile driven, there can be up to 200 events that you have to see and decide what to do.
yes
For most males, it takes the liver around one hour to process approximately one drink or one shot of liquor. Typically for females it takes longer.
yes
Guide signs provide information about routes, exits, location, distances, points of interest, and services. Exit signs are green.
yes
If you have a SOLID yellow line on your side of the road, do not pass or cross over into the oncoming lane. If you have a broken yellow line, give the right-of-way to oncoming traffic.
yes
In 2008 in the U.S., over 11,000 people died in alcohol-related crashes. That's one every 45 minutes or an average of 32 per day (The Center for Disease Control).
yes
In 4-5 seconds, traveling 50 mph, your vehicle can travel the length of a football field.
yes
In Virginia, the presumptive state of impairment is a BAC of 0.08. However, this does not mean you cannot be arrested for DUI with a lower BAC. A BAC of 0.05 in conjunction with other indications that the driver is impaired could result in arrest. Impairment begins well before the presumptive limit starting with your first drink.
yes
Interstate route signs are red, white, and blue shields.
yes
Large cities utilize lane control signals when large numbers of vehicles have to travel over bridges or through tunnels. Drive in the lane with the green arrow located above it. Do not travel in the direction of a yellow arrow - it is telling you that your path will soon have oncoming traffic. Never travel in a lane with a red arrow located above it, especially through a tunnel!
yes
Many factors can affect an individual's BAC - such as gender, weight, number, and size of drinks.
yes
Microsleep is a term used for sudden, unexpected moments of sleep - microsleeps last 4-5 seconds.
yes
Most markings are yellow or white. Yellow lines separate traffic traveling in opposite directions. White lines separate traffic moving in the same direction.
yes
Most people who drink, drink to relax or have "fun." This is called recreational drinking.
yes
Narcotics depress the central nervous system. They slow down the brain's ability to process information and react.
yes
New pedestrian and school zones signs exist on the roadway to warn drivers of an approaching crosswalk and the actual crosswalk itself.
yes
New signs to help guide you into the proper lane well in advance of an intersection are currently being implemented on all types of roads. These signs are called advance channelization signs. Their purpose is to provide an unfamiliar driver with information that allows lane changes to occur before the busy intersection.
yes
On average in the U.S., one friend, parent, or family member dies every 48 minutes in alcohol-related crashes.
yes
On dry pavement, with good visibility, allow at least a 3-second interval between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead. This rule works well for speeds up to 50 mph; however, the faster you travel, the more distance you cover while bringing the vehicle to a stop.
yes
One drink equals one 12-ounce beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, or one shot (1.5 ounces of hard liquor or spirits).
yes
Other guide signs include destination and mileage signs, roadside service signs, and signs that direct you to recreational areas.
yes
Our natural circadian rhythms dictate that we will be most sleepy during the middle of our nighttime sleep period, and again 12 hours later, between 2 p.m. and 4 p.m.
yes
Out of those 20 decisions, most drivers make two driving errors; that's one out of ten.
yes
Regardless of the reason, the effects of alcohol are unpredictable.
yes
Remember Virginia will not issue a license to individuals who have a physical or mental impairment which makes it unsafe for them to drive.
yes
Reversible lanes are designed to move large volumes of traffic in the same direction. They are used during rush hours, at the conclusion of large sporting events and when large organizations such as military bases "let-off" for the day. When the traffic needs to go in the opposite direction, the lanes are reversed, or traffic is directed to go in the opposite direction.
yes
Reversible lanes are marked with unique signs, signals, and markings. A red X means the lane is closed. NEVER drive in a lane with a red X displayed. A solid yellow X means move out of that lane to a lane displaying a green arrow.
yes
Slanted stripes indicate where vehicles should not change lanes.
yes
Some urban areas have traffic signals that control traffic as it enters the expressway. These signals are often used during rush hours to provide interval space for vehicles to enter. Follow the signs and wait for your green light. Be prepared to accelerate quickly or decelerate to enter the traffic flow.
yes
Split attention or focusing on distractions may narrow your field of view, shrink your peripheral vision and may cause a delay in hazard recognition.
yes
Stimulants temporarily excite and accelerate the central nervous system. Over stimulation can cause aggressive behavior.
yes
Studies have shown that sleep-deprived drivers' reaction times and performance skills are as poor as alcohol-impaired drivers'.
yes
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines aggressive driving as "the operation of a motor vehicle in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger persons or property."
yes
The WALK signal and the green light are normally on at the same time for drivers and pedestrians going the same direction.
yes
The average driver travels 24 miles per day to and from work in heavy, or rush hour traffic.
yes
The circadian rhythm is built into the human body to seek rest for itself.
yes
The double yellow, broken line indicates a reversible lane.
yes
The energy of motion will change in proportion to the square of its change in speed. What does this mean? If you travel 40 mph, given the same braking power, it will require four times the stopping distance that it would take if you travel 20 mph. If you travel 60 mph, it will require nine times the stopping distance you would need going 20 mph.
yes
The most dangerous time to enter an intersection is immediately after the light has turned green; this is when other drivers accelerate to "beat the yellow light."
yes
With the lower 8 and 4 o'clock hand position, you can smoothly turn the steering wheel nearly 160 degrees in either direction without crossing your arms.
yes
X signals are also used in controlled lanes. A solid yellow X means move over to a lane with a green arrow. The yellow X is telling you the lane is about to switch directions and oncoming traffic will soon head your way.
yes
You must use your vehicle's headlights between sunset and sunrise as well as at any other time in which your visibility is less than 500 feet (§46.2-1030).
yes
being awake for 18 hours straight has the same effect as a .07 BAC.
yes
f you "over-drive" your headlights, and you see an obstacle in your path, you will not be able to stop before you hit that obstacle.
yes
lso, the DMV will revoke the driving privilege of persons convicted of operating a vehicle without an ignition interlock when it is required by DMV based on the following: Conviction of DUI 2nd offense within 5 years of the prior offense, or Conviction of DUI 3rd DUI or subsequent offense within 10 years.
yes
most sleep crashes occur during "the middle of the night" and during the early morning hours.
yes
on roads running in east and west directions, backplates are being added to signals to improve their visibility at dawn and dusk.
yes
over-the-counter (OTC) medications
yes
the three elements of the highway system - the driver, the roadway, and the vehicle.
yes
there are 100,000 police-reported crashes resulting in 1,550 deaths and 71,000 injuries annually as the result of drowsy driving.
yes
three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their lives.
yes
yield the right-of-way to pedestrians or other vehicles that are approaching or already in the intersection.
yes
The__________becomes critical if you are in a situation where you may be struck from the rear.
?
Virginia requires the following minimum coverage:
Bodily injury/death of one person $25,000 Bodily injury/death of two or more persons $50,000 Property damage $20,000 (§46.2-473)
Good driver vision includes:
Contrast sensitivity Substantial visual field of view Glare recovery
Your license may be suspended or revoked for a variety of reasons. Read below for a list of just a few of them:
Driving under the influence of alcohol or another substance Driving recklessly Leaving the scene of a collision Failing to satisfy a citation or appear in court Refusing to take a chemical test Displaying a canceled, altered, or fictitious license Nonpayment of jail fees (SB 603)
_________, the roadway, and your vehicle are all categories associated with risk that you should assess before you get behind the wheel.
The driver
New hand positions are encouraged on the steering wheel such as __________.
8 and 4
_________is the temporary removal of your privilege to drive.
Suspension
he top 12 causes of fatal crashes.
1. Failing to maintain lane position. 2. Speeding. This is not just exceeding the speed limit; it is also categorized as driving too fast for conditions. 3. Driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and other medication. 4. Failing to yield the right-of-way. 5. Inattention, which includes distractions such as talking, eating, text messaging, etc. 6. Operating the vehicle in an erratic, reckless, careless, or negligent manner. 7. Failing to obey traffic signs or signals. This category includes a driver not signaling the intention to turn or change lanes, a common communication error. 8. Improper driving technique. 9. Making an improper turn. 10. Driving when drowsy, sleepy, fatigued, ill, or after experiencing a blackout. 11. Vision obscured. This may occur due to poor visibility conditions such as rain, snow, glare, or driving into bright lights. Vision obstruction also occurs when your vision is blocked by trees, buildings, or other vehicles. 12. Driving the wrong way on a one-way street.
The following are steps for using the 3-Second Rule:
1. Pick out a fixed checkpoint along the road ahead: a road sign, light post, or other fixed object. As soon as the rear of the vehicle ahead of you passes the fixed checkpoint, start counting, "One one-thousand, two one-thousand, three one-thousand." When the front of your car reaches the fixed checkpoint, stop counting. You are following too closely if you reach the fixed checkpoint before you finish counting three seconds.
Driving a motor vehicle involves the conduct of skilled and properly timed actions under varying road and traffic conditions based on decisions that depend on:
Learned Information Realistic Perceptions Sound Judgments
The following are clues that you are not looking far enough ahead when you drive:
ou make frequent, quick stops. In traffic, you often find yourself boxed in a slow moving lane - this indicates you have not spotted problems ahead well enough in advance to avoid them.
Adjust your vehicle __________to help prevent a dangerous event from occurring or to minimize the consequences of an unavoidable crash.
position or speed
To obtain an ID card, an applicant must:
Provide two proofs of identity Provide one proof of residency Provide proof of legal presence
Minimum Age Requirements:
16 years, 3 months, if you have held a valid driver education learner permit for 9 months and have successfully completed a DMV-approved driver education course Provide proof of identity and date of birth from the current acceptable ID list Successfully complete a written knowledge test based on the information contained in the Virginia Driver Manual Successfully pass a standard vision screening test Successfully pass a roadway skill test with a DMV driver examiner in a vehicle provided by the applicant If less than 18 years of age, have an appropriate family member sign the financial responsibility agreement portion of the application
You should search a minimum of__________seconds ahead of your vehicle to avoid obstacles in your path.
30
Speed influences crashes in five basic ways:
It increases the distance a vehicle travels from the time a driver detects an emergency until the driver reacts. It increases the distance needed to stop a vehicle once an emergency is perceived. Crash severity increases. Higher crash speeds reduce the effect of vehicles' restraint systems and roadway safety features to protect occupants. Traction and maneuverability are reduced.
Speed influences crashes in four basic ways:
It increases the distance a vehicle travels from the time a driver detects an emergency until the driver reacts. It increases the distance needed to stop a vehicle once an emergency is perceived. Crash severity increases by the square of the speed; for example, when speed increases from 40 to 60 mph, speed goes up 50 percent while the energy released in a crash more than doubles. Higher crash speeds reduce the ability of vehicles, restraint systems, and roadway hardware such as guardrails, barriers, and impact attenuators to protect occupants.
Push/pull steering from lower hand positions has at least five major advantages over past hand placement methods:
It is less fatiguing because it allows a more normal position for your arms. The 8 and 4 o'clock hand position is a lower, more restful position. The driver's arms stay close to the body and allow the body to be in a more upright and stable position. You are more likely to keep both hands on the steering wheel allowing the muscles of the chest, back and shoulders to do most of the work. Push/pull steering eliminates hand over hand and crossing the arms while steering. The hand over hand steering is a much harder procedure and it requires greater muscle strength. Injuries to arms, hands, face, and eyes can be reduced or prevented during a collision when a driver-side air bag deploys.
Every vehicle operated on your state roadways must be covered by _________ insurance through a company that is authorized to do business in your state.
Liability
Other benefits of using low scanning techniques include:
Looking at the ground beside a moving vehicle helps you to more accurately judge its speed. Predicting another vehicle is about to change direction by checking the position of another vehicle's tires. Locating potholes and sudden changes in road surface conditions that might affect your traction and/or path of travel. Noticing shadows on the roadway might indicate a hidden vehicle ahead of a truck you want to pass.
Use the following techniques to help manage the space behind your vehicle:
Maintain a smooth, steady speed. Do not slow down or stop without communicating to the driver behind you. Communicate your intention to stop or slow by tapping your brakes. Prior to slowing, check your rear-view mirror for vehicles behind you.
To manage space to the rear:
Maintain a steady speed Communicate your intention to stop or slow by tapping your brakes Prior to slowing, check your rear-view mirror for vehicles behind you
Stopping distances involve three factors:
Perception distance - This is the distance your vehicle travels from the time you visually see a hazard with your eyes to the time your brain registers it and triggers a response. Reaction distance - This is the distance traveled from the time your brain issues an instruction to the time your body carries out the instruction. Braking distance - This will vary depending on the speed at which you are traveling and the conditions of the roadway.
When driving at night and you encounter curves, what do you have to remember?
Your headlights point straight ahead, not into the curve.
If you drive an SUV or RV, you need to be worried about clearance when driving __________. Correct: in parking garages
in parking garages
Stiffness in the neck can make it difficult for drivers to______.
look behind to check the blind spot
A 12-ounce can of beer, a 5-ounce glass of wine, and a cocktail with 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits all contain the same amount of alcohol.
yes
Among those killed, teenage drivers have the highest death rates per miles driven among all age groups, followed by elderly drivers, and young adult males.
yes
An adequate visual field of view means you are able to see objects in the periphery.
yes
Driving without a License Driving without a license is prohibited in Virginia. Any person violating this law is charged with a Class 2 misdemeanor, with subsequent offenses classified as Class 1 misdemeanors (§46.2-301.1). Multiple offenses may also result in vehicle impoundment (§46.2-301.1).
yes
Failure to carry insurance is a criminal offense. The penalties include fines, loss of license plates, and loss of your driver's license.
yes
Four Point Violations Failure to obey a traffic signal (3 years)
yes
Glare recovery refers to the ability to see in the presence of oncoming headlights, at night, or in the presence of sun glare in daytime. Glare introduces stray light into the eye; it also reduces the contrast of important safety targets.
yes
In 2008, 37,261 people lost their lives and 2,346,000 were injured in motor vehicle crashes (NHTSA).
yes
In the U.S., each year approximately 3 million people are injured and around 40,000 people are killed in traffic collisions.
yes
In the past, drivers were taught to place their hands at the 10 and 2 o'clock or 9 and 3 o'clock positions. However, today more flexible positions are encouraged.
yes
The force of impact increases if the object you hit is moving toward your vehicle.
yes
These forces' influence will vary depending on vehicle weight, speed, and direction. Operate your vehicle to compensate for these powerful natural forces.
yes
What you are able to see without obstruction is called your "line-of-sight." The best condition for visual search is when your line-of-sight around all sides of your vehicle is not obstructed.
yes
Evaluate weather conditions, the condition of your vehicle and other risk factors, including_________, every time you drive.
your own well-being
Ensure the following systems are in good operating condition:
Tire inflation, tread depth Windshield wipers, fluid, and blades Battery Lights Brakes Ignition
if the hood of your vehicle suddenly flies up while you are driving? Here's how to handle this emergency:
To get a view of the road ahead, lean forward and look through the space between the dashboard and the hood. Roll down the side window and look around the hood if this view is limited or blocked. Look and steer in the direction you are moving. Check your mirrors for traffic behind, and check traffic on both sides of your vehicle. Maintain your lane position, select a gap in traffic, signal, and steer off the road.
Hand signals can be used to supplement or provide extra emphasis on mechanical signals. Standard hand signals are the same for bicycle riders and vehicle drivers. Roll down your left window and use your arm to supplement your signals:
To signal your intention to turn right, extend your left arm out and bend it up at the elbow. To signal your intention to turn left, extend your left arm straight out to the left, at shoulder height. To signal your intentions to slow or stop, extend your left arm down to the left side of your vehicle.
If you lose engine power or control and cannot get completely off the road:
Turn on your emergency flashers. Stop where people can see you and your vehicle from all directions - especially from behind. Exit the vehicle if you are in danger of being struck by moving traffic. Call for roadside assistance. Set out warning triangles or flares only if it is safe to do so. Wait in a safe location for assistance.
Drivers communicate by using:
Turn signals Brake lights Headlights Emergency hazard lights The horn Vehicle position Eye contact Body movements and hand signals
To obtain a learner's permit or a driver's license, you must show:
Two proofs of identity (i.e. U.S. Birth Certificate or Passport) One proof of Virginia residency (i.e. payroll stub or bank statement) Proof of your social security number (SSN) Proof of legal presence (birth document issued by a U.S. state, jurisdiction or territory)
If you drive through water, your brakes may become slippery and ineffective. To dry the brakes off, __________.
apply your brakes gently as you accelerate
Motorcycles are extremely hard to see if they are _______.
approaching from the side
The amount of alcohol in your bloodstream is called_________.
blood alcohol concentration
Once in the brain, alcohol affects ALL of these critical skills EXCEPT:
blood flow
Child Passenger Restraint Device Law: Requirements (VC 46.2-1095)
public transportation (taxis, buses), regulation school buses, and farm vehicles are exempt.
If you see brake lights in a traffic jam ahead, signal to drivers behind by slightly tapping on your brakes.
y
If your engine should suddenly fail:
y
In 2008, about 1.7 million urban crashes in the U.S. occurred at intersections (IIHS).
y
To reduce injury in the event your air bag deploys, position your body at least _______from the steering wheel.
10 inch
Lack of sleep is one of the leading causes of traffic fatalities. Fatigue has many of the same dangerous effects as drinking alcohol.
12 hours awake = same effect as .032 blood alcohol concentration 18 hours awake = same effect as .07 blood alcohol concentration 24 hours awake = same effect as .1 blood alcohol concentration
All vehicles carrying passengers for hire, all buses carrying passengers and all vehicles carrying explosives or flammable liquids must always stop no closer than __________ and no farther than __________ from railroad tracks.
15 feet, 50 feet
If you have to drive on a long trip, get plenty of rest before you leave and plan on stopping every ____ hours.
2
During each mile you drive, you make approximately__________driving-related decisions.
20
During each mile you drive, up to__________events you need to interpret can occur.
200
About__________in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their life.
3
Microsleeps last __________ seconds.
4 to 5
On average in the U.S., one friend, parent or family member dies every__________minutes in alcohol related crashes.
48
Depressants affect the central nervous system by slowing down or "depressing" reflexes and coordination. Depressants include:
Alcohol Analgesics (pain pills) Anti-diabetics (sugar medicine) Barbiturates (downers) Sedatives (ludes)
Law enforcement agencies categorize observable aggressive driving behavior as which of the following?
All of the answers are correct
If you encounter an accelerator-related problem, follow these procedures:
Apply the brakes. Shift into NEUTRAL. This may ruin your engine or transmission, but this action may also prevent a collision. (If you have a manual transmission, depress the clutch which removes power being transferred to the wheels). Scan ahead and to the sides for an escape path. Steer down your selected escape path and continue to use your brakes until you are safely off the roadway. Shift to PARK, turn off the ignition, and apply the parking brake. Turn on your emergency flashers. If you have a cell phone, use it to call for roadside assistance.
During the winter, add a few steps to your pre-drive procedures:
As you approach your vehicle, check around the tires for frozen chunks of snow or ice. Clean the tires and wheel well and knock off accumulated snow or ice. Start the engine and let it warm up - turn on the defroster. Clean snow off the windows, hood, and top of the vehicle. If there is ice on the windows, scrape it off all windows; do not just clear the windshield (you need to be able to see in all directions).
Do not be erratic and dart or weave through traffic (this kind of aggressive driving lowers mileage by as much as 33% on highways and 5% on city streets).
Avoid unnecessary idling (one minute of idling uses more gas than it takes to restart the engine).
Basic Traffic Laws:
Buckle up. Obey traffic controls. Pass on the left. Signal your intentions.Travel at a safe speed. Do not tailgate. Do not stop quickly without a warning.
Hallucinogens alter the mind. They change the way the mind perceives, processes information, and reacts. They are unpredictable and illegal. Hallucinogens include:
Cannabis (marijuana, pot) Lysergic Acid (LSD/acid) Mescaline and Peyote (mesc) Phencyclidine (PCP) Inhalants (fumes) Psilocybin (shrooms)
conduct the following maintenance checks before the winter months arrive:
Change the engine oil to an oil with a viscosity designed for cold temperatures. Check the battery; clean the terminals and make sure it is operating at maximum strength. Check the hoses for cracks. Replace tires with "all-season" or "snow" tires - check inflation regularly. Test the heating and air-conditioning system. Check coolant/antifreeze to determine the lowest temperature that it will go to without freezing. Install winter wiper blades and fill the windshield wiper fluid reservoir with a washer solution containing an antifreeze additive. Check and adjust the brakes. Check the exhaust system for leaks, holes, and rust. Purchase and practice installing the tire chains. Carry booster (jumper) cables, flares, emergency warning triangles (or other warning device), a small tool kit, first aid kit, and a flashlight with spare batteries. Keep your fuel tank at least 1/2 full.
Every 15,000 miles:
Check automatic transmission fluid level. Inspect brake system. Inspect hoses.
The categories or types of drugs include:
Depressants Stimulants Narcotics Hallucinogens
Rear-facing safety seats are used until the child is one year old and weighs at least 20 or more pounds. If the child does not weigh 20 pounds at one year of age, they must remain in the rear-facing seat until they weigh at least 20 pounds. If the child weighs 20 or more pounds prior to their first birthday, they must remain in the rear-facing safety seat until they are one year old. Forward-facing child safety seats are used for children older than one who weigh more than 20 but less than 40 pounds, usually children around four years of age. Booster seats are used for children between four and eight years of age who weigh over 40 pounds, until the lap/shoulder belt fits them properly, usually around 4 feet 9 inches tall.
Child safety seats are 71% effective in preventing death to infants, and 54% effective in preventing death to children ages 1-4.
Fourth or Subsequent DUI Conviction
Class 6 Felony Violation Mandatory, minimum one-year jail sentence and $1,000 fine Indefinite license suspension - can petition for restricted privileges after 3 years or petition for full restoration after 5 years
The use of speed control while driving on an interstate or an expressway allows your right leg to relax and reduce some of the fatigue you normally experience when constantly holding your foot on the accelerator. The control that the cruise control exerts over the fuel controller also results in better gas mileage.
Cruise controls are designed for open roads and should not be used in city or urban settings or when driving uphill or downhill. Also note, you should not use cruise control when the road surface is slippery (i.e. rain, snow or ice).
There were 37,261 total automobile-related deaths throughout 2008 (NHTSA). Plan to address these dangerous situations before they arise.
Currently 83% of drivers and passengers wear seat belts.
Microsleep warnings and symptoms include:
Discomfort - heavy arms and legs Tense muscles Heavy eyes Constant yawning Leaning forward while driving Feeling tired Headache Your eyes close or go out of focus by themselves Trouble keeping your head up Wandering, disconnected thoughts You are easily distracted. You don't remember driving the last few miles Drifting between lanes and wandering in your own lane You tailgate You miss traffic signs. You hear the noise of rumble strips or lane markings. You keep jerking the vehicle back into the lane. You have drifted off the road and narrowly missed something.
Sharing a lane with oncoming traffic to make a left turn can be dangerous. Safe guidelines for using a shared left-turn lane include:
Do not move into the lane too soon. The longer you stay in the lane, the more likely you will meet someone coming in the opposite direction. Watch for vehicles pulling out of entrances and side streets. They may cut in front of you or turn into the shared lane and wait for a gap in traffic. Do not use a shared left turn lane as a through lane. If you do not want to turn, stay out of the lane. Never use the center lane for passing.
Watch for anger caused by the need for revenge or retaliation:
Do you slow down if someone is tailgating you? Do you want to ram a vehicle that cuts you off or takes the space directly in front of your vehicle? When bicyclists are in your lane do you want to get right behind them and honk the horn?
Prevent microsleep by:
Driving only when rested Scheduling your drives to avoid your circadian rhythm "low-times" Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule Avoiding mental and physical exertion before driving
You probably know that it takes more than five to seven seconds to pass another car even if it is traveling slowly. You will need about 10 to 15 seconds to pass another car traveling 30 mph. Did you know that at highway speeds, traveling at 60 mph, you will need about 20 seconds to pass another car traveling 50 mph?
During that time you will travel almost 1,800 feet, the length of six football fields! It is critical that you make sure no vehicles are approaching in the oncoming traffic lane and you have enough space to pass safely.
Technology cannot compensate for poor driving - although it might help prevent or reduce the consequences of a crash.
Electronic stability control (ESC) and traction control systems (TCS) are not designed to "take over" or replace the driver. They are designed to assist the driver in maintaining vehicle control.
Watch for indications that other drivers might be impaired:
Erratic changes in speed Weaving from side to side Traveling in the wrong lane Running stop signs and lights
If your vehicle breakdown occurs where there is an obstructed view, such as a hillside or curve, place one device 100-500 feet behind your vehicle and one 10 feet behind your vehicle.
Flares are the most visible warning you can give other drivers; however, they are fire hazards in dry conditions and are only effective as long as they are burning (about 15-45 minutes). Reflective triangles are not as easily seen, but they are safer, easily stored, and can be used as often as needed.
You are considered to be engaging in aggressive driving if you commit at least 3 of the following during 1 episode of continuous driving:
Following a vehicle too closely Operating a vehicle unsafely Overtaking another vehicle on the right by driving off the roadway Stopping or slowing of your vehicle unsafely Sounding of your vehicle's horn unnecessarily Failing to yield proper right-of-way at an intersection Failing to obey a traffic control device Driving at an unsafe speed Flashing the vehicle's headlights repeatedly
Tips for preventing fatigue when driving on long trips include:
Get plenty of sleep before you depart. Ensure your vehicle has good air circulation. Wear your seatbelt - it "holds" you in your seat and your muscles do not tire so quickly. Take frequent breaks. Schedule and plan to stop every two hours, get out, and walk around. Rest. If necessary, find a hotel to prevent a fatigue-related crash.
Do not panic - release the accelerator and stay off the brake. Look at your escape route to the right - your two right wheels or all four wheels may be on the unpaved shoulder. If there is enough time and space, let the vehicle slow gradually before leaving the paved surface. Turn the steering wheel right just enough to get onto the shoulder - your two right wheels or all four wheels may be on the unpaved shoulder. The off-road wheels should be 12 to 18 inches from the edge of the pavement.
Going Off the Road
The key to safe expressway driving is:
Guard against highway hypnosis. Search for and process information. Stay focused. Adjust for other drivers.
If you are forced to return to the road before you can stop:
Hold the wheel tightly and turn sharply enough to get right back on the road safely. Do not try to edge gradually back on the road; if you do, your tires might grab unexpectedly and you could lose control. When both front tires are on the paved surface, counter-steer immediately; the two turns should be made as a single "steer, counter-steer" move.
_______when you are approaching a blind curve to warn others that cannot see you coming.
Honk your horn
Traction control systems are not designed to "take over" or replace the driver. They are designed to assist the driver in maintaining vehicle control. Integrated stability control systems have the ability to detect:
How fast the vehicle is traveling when there is a loss of traction Lateral acceleration and g-loads
If you have to leave the road:
If possible, avoid using the brakes until your speed has dropped to about 20 mph. Brake very gently to avoid skidding on a loose surface. Try to keep one set of wheels on the pavement to help maintain vehicle control. Stay on the shoulder until your vehicle has come to a stop. Signal and check your mirrors before pulling back onto the road.
Maintain your tire pressure as recommended by the manufacturer in your vehicle's user manual. If your tires are over-inflated they will tend to wear in the center of the tread and not provide you with the maximum "grip" to the road's surface.
If the tires are under-inflated they will tend to wear on the outer edges and adversely affect vehicle handling, fuel economy and ride quality.
Oil Pressure
If you are driving and the oil pressure warning light in your instrument cluster illuminates, pull off the road as soon as it is safe. Shut off the engine and DO NOT drive your vehicle until you determine what caused the light to illuminate.
Adjust your speed in icy conditions:
If you encounter packed snow, reduce your speed by half. If you are traveling on ice, reduce your speed to 10-15 mph.
To avoid hydroplaning, reduce your speed; do not brake hard or steer aggressively. Never drive in water that is flowing across the roadway.
If you get stuck, do not spin the wheels. Rock the vehicle out or call for help.
If one or more of the system's sensors detects that you are losing traction, it will initiate several events including:
Independent braking Throttle control Steering assist
Side-impact collisions are extremely dangerous and often cause serious injury because the passenger compartment takes a direct hit.
If you strike a stationary object choose something that gives, such as a bush or some other small, soft object capable of absorbing energy.
Examples of aggressive driving behavior include:
Improper passing Speeding Improper lane changing Failure to obey traffic controls Reckless, careless or inattentive driving Making illegal turns Tailgating Failure to signal lane changes Shouting, swearing, name calling
Examples of aggressive driving behavior include:
Improper passing Speeding Improper lane changing Failure to obey traffic controls Reckless, careless or inattentive driving Tailgating Failure to signal Shouting, honking, swearing, name-calling Using the vehicle to cut off other drivers Chasing other vehicles in pursuit
In a vehicle equipped with anti-lock brakes, a sensor on each wheel monitors speed and detects when a tire starts to skid. As soon as the skid is detected, the ABS automatically pulses the brake pressure (up to 20 times a second) on any wheel to get it to turn again. The purpose of ABS is to prevent the wheels from locking so the driver can steer the vehicle while continuing to bring it to a stop.
In an ABS-equipped vehicle, when you put on the brakes hard enough to make the wheels lock momentarily, you will typically feel the brake pedal pulse back against your foot. This is a normal pulsing action and indicates that the ABS is working.
What Are the Fines and Penalties for Driving Under the Influence?
In most jurisdictions, a first conviction results in a fine, license suspension or restriction, probation, mandatory attendance at a DUI education course, community service, confiscation of your vehicle, and a possible jail sentence.
Inattention is a general lack of focus on the task of driving.
Inattention is a general lack of focus on the task of driving.
here are major advantages of using push/pull steering with lower hand positions:
Injuries to the arms, hands, face, and eyes are greatly reduced during a collision when the driver-side air bag deploys. Maintaining a hand position more closely associated with a normal seating position reduces muscle fatigue. The driver tends to not turn as much; a common mistake in emergency maneuvers which can result in running off the road.
________associated with traffic-related crashes is one of our largest societal problems.
Injury and death
After starting the engine, check the following:
Instruments (ensure warning lights are off) Fuel gauge (if it is below the half-way mark, plan to refuel soon) Brake action (Push down on your brake pedal. If you feel no resistance, there is a breakdown of hydraulic pressure in the brake line. This indicates a possible brake failure. DO NOT attempt to drive; obtain a professional towing service and have the system repaired before driving.)
he primary benefit of anti-lock brakes is to enable the driver to steer the vehicle while bringing it to a stop during an emergency situation. Anti-lock brakes may not make much difference in stopping distances on dry roads, but they do help drivers maintain control of the vehicle during sudden stops on wet or slippery surfaces.
It is important to know if your vehicle is equipped with an anti-lock brake system (ABS).
If you are in an emergency situation, react quickly and concentrate on regaining control of the vehicle. You should follow these procedures:
Keep your eyes on the road. Grip the steering wheel firmly with both hands. Do not brake (braking may increase the pull or swerving effect). Slow the vehicle by easing off the accelerator. Check traffic ahead, to the sides, and to the rear. Select a gap in traffic, signal, and steer off the road out of traffic. Drive slowly off the road and onto the shoulder. Once you have control of the vehicle, gently apply the brake with a steady pressure and come to a stop on a flat surface. Turn on your emergency flashers. If you are in an unsafe location, continue to drive on the flat tire until you locate a safe location. You may ruin the tire but your personal safety is the first consideration. Once you locate a safe location and are able to pull off the road, park as far away from the traffic lane as possible. If you have a cell phone, call for roadside assistance. Make sure other drivers can see you. Use flares or reflective triangles set 100 and 200 feet behind your vehicle along the side of the road.
f you smell smoke follow these procedures:
Keep your eyes on the road. Search for a safe departure path off the roadway and a safe open area (avoid service stations and buildings). Signal, slow, and steer out of traffic and off the road. Turn off the engine. Immediately exit the vehicle along with all your passengers. DO NOT touch the hood. DO NOT try to put the fire out. Move at least 100 feet away from the vehicle and traffic. If you have a cell phone, call 911 and describe the problem indicating that you need the fire department. Remain at a safe distance away from the vehicle until the fire department arrives; the fuel tank could explode.
Taking medicine can cause driving problems such as:
Lengthened reaction time Reduction in your mental or physical abilities Intense or unexpected reactions
Returning to the Road
Look for a spot where the unpaved shoulder is about the same height (no more than two inches lower) as the paved road. Check your rear-view mirror, side-view mirror, and blind spots for obstructions. Signal your intentions before returning to the roadway. When the path is clear, turn the steering wheel 1/16 to 1/8 of a turn to the left. Immediately after you feel the front tire(s) make contact with the edge of the pavement, turn the steering wheel to the right about 1/8 of a turn. At the same time, accelerate to prevent over-steering. Once you are back on the road, position your vehicle in the center of your lane and accelerate to the proper speed.
The first step to collision avoidance is being in the proper seat position to ensure optimal control of the vehicle. To avoid panic stops, look well down the road and locate places where others may cross your path.
Maintaining a 3-second following distance is effective in good conditions at speeds under 50 mph. At highway speeds greater than 50 mph, when driving through hills, curves, inclement weather, or low-light conditions, increase the space ahead to at least five seconds.
Driving Under the Influence (DUI) First Offense
Mandatory, minimum $250 fine Driver's license revocation for one year
DUI Second Offense
Mandatory, minimum $500 fine Driver's license revocation for three years Possible jail term up to one year
DUI Second Offense within Five Years of Prior Offense
Mandatory, minimum 20-day jail term
Third DUI Offense within Ten Years
Mandatory, minimum 90-day jail term Permanent forfeiture of your vehicle
Third DUI Offense within Five Years
Mandatory, minimum six-month jail term
DUI Second Offense within Ten Years of Prior Offense
Mandatory, minimum ten-day jail term
Cornering skid. To correct a rear-wheel skid, ease up on the accelerator, avoid using the brakes and steer in the direction you want the front of the vehicle to go. A number of steering corrections may be necessary. To correct a front-wheel skid, ease up on the accelerator and steer toward your intended travel path. If you release the accelerator too quickly in this situation, the rear of the vehicle may slide sideways.
Most skids are caused by driver error, although only about 15% of collisions are the direct result of a vehicle skidding. Most crashes happen because drivers take no action, the wrong action, or last-minute actions. Do not be one of those drivers.
Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death for people ages 2-33.
Motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death for people ages 2-33.
To protect yourself and your passengers from fire during the refueling process:
Never smoke in the vicinity of a fuel pump. Turn off your engine before and during refueling. Before touching the fuel pump, discharge the static electricity from your body by touching your bare hand to another metal object such as your vehicle door. Do not get in and out of your car while refueling. Your body contact with the upholstery of your seats can result in static electricity. Opening and shutting the car door can also produce a static charge.
ABS prevents your wheels from "locking-up", enabling the driver to steer the vehicle while bringing it to a stop, especially on slippery surfaces. ESC helps drivers maintain control in the worst situations. For example, if a driver enters a curve too fast, the vehicle may begin to spin out. The ESC engages automatically to help bring the vehicle back in the intended lane of travel. This technology lowers the risk of a fatal single-vehicle crash by about half, so it is worth shopping for.
New safety belt sensors enable safety belts to sense pretension and imminent collisions.
Stimulants "stimulate" or speed-up the central nervous system. They increase heart rate and generate a false sense of alertness and well-being. Stimulants include:
Nicotine (tobacco) Caffeine (soft drinks, chocolate, coffee) Amphetamines (speed) Designer Drugs (Ecstasy) Cocaine (crack/coke)
On a one-way or divided highway, the first warning device should be placed approximately 200 feet behind your vehicle. The second device should be placed approximately 100 feet from the rear of the vehicle. Place the third device about 10 feet from the rear of your vehicle.
On a two-way or undivided highway, position one device 100 feet behind your vehicle and one device 10 feet behind your vehicle. Place another device 100 feet in front of your vehicle.
When you must turn the wheel more than 160 degrees, a preferred technique is called push/pull or push/pull/feed steering:
One hand pushes the steering wheel up in the direction you want to turn. Meanwhile, the other hand slides up toward 12 o'clock and then pulls down. The hand you first used to push then slides down to make further adjustments as necessary. To return to your original path, simply reverse the process or let the wheel slide through the fingers.
Narcotics are strong depressants that are often prescribed for severe pain.
Opiates (codeine, heroin, morphine)
There are two types of fatigue:
Physical - A tendency toward inactivity brought on by physical exhaustion. Mental - A tendency toward inactivity brought on by mental or emotional stress.
f you must stop suddenly in a vehicle without ABS, use the threshold braking method. Follow these procedures:
Pivot your foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal. Quickly press the brake firmly, stopping just short of locking the wheels. If the wheels begin to lock, let up slightly with your toes to release brake pressure one or two degrees, just enough to get the wheels turning again, then immediately reapply it with slightly less pressure. Continue pressing the pedal until the vehicle comes to a stop.
f you violate the regulations and get caught in an HOV lane it is considered a moving violation and the fine is expensive - some states fine over $350 and assess points on your license. As a driver, you are responsible for knowing the HOV laws in Virginia. Virginia allows vehicles bearing clean special fuel license plates to operate in HOV lanes if they are in compliance with federal law in addition to the following (HB 85 & SB 209):
Plates issued prior to July 1, 2006, may use any HOV lanes statewide, regardless of the number of passengers. Plates issued on or after July 1, 2006, may use any HOV lanes except those in the I-95/395 corridor, regardless of the number of passengers.
Expressway driving demands continuous searching skills, smooth maneuvers, speed adjustment, and positioning.
Position your vehicle with at least a 3-second following distance from the vehicle you plan to follow.Maintain a 3-4 second following distanceIf the road is slippery or wet, increase the distance to 6-8 seconds. Avoid truck and large vehicle "no-zones".
Braking skid. Recover from a braking skid by releasing the brakes just enough to allow the wheels to turn. When the wheels begin to roll, steering control will return. If you still need to slow the vehicle, use the threshold braking method.
Power skid. Recover from a power skid by easing off the accelerator until the wheels stop spinning. Then make steering corrections as necessary until you are back on your intended travel path.
Scan well ahead and far off to the sides of the roadway when you see "deer crossing" signs. At night, use your high-beam lights, conditions permitting, to illuminate the road's edges. Conduct extensive visual search in areas near woods and water, especially at dawn and dusk, when these animals venture out to feed. If you see one deer, there may be several others nearby. Do not flash your headlights. If there is no vehicle close behind you, brake hard. If a collision is inevitable, do not swerve to avoid the animal; your risk of injury may be greater if you run off the road. Maintain control of the vehicle. Report the collision to the police and your insurance company.
Reduce your speed and be ready to stop. Do not sound your horn or rev your engine.
After you stop:
Remain stopped and wait for the green signal. Delay your start until you are sure the intersection is clear and there are no potential red-light runners. Search left, center, right, and left again. Repeat this process if the intersection is not clear enough for you to proceed. During your search, anticipate that others might be entering your intersection after running a yellow light or because they are distracted or inattentive. Always yield to others who are already in the intersection. Do not allow the front of your vehicle to enter the intersection until it is clear.
Every 30,000 miles:
Replace fuel filter. Inspect exhaust system. Replace engine oil filter. Inspect accessory drive belts. Service automatic transmission. Check battery.
Excessive speed and wet, snowy, icy, or sandy road conditions combined with abrupt braking, steering, or acceleration could cause a skid. If you experience a skid:
Respond quickly and do not panic. Look and steer in direction of the skid. Make smooth steering corrections. Do not give up. You may have to make several steering corrections before you regain steering control.
Regaining control of your vehicle when you find yourself in a skid requires you to:
Respond quickly and don't panic. Look and steer in direction of the skid. Make smooth steering corrections. Don't give up. You may have to make several steering corrections before you regain steering control.
list of emotional challenges that are common reasons why drivers get angry, hostile, and exhibit aggressive behavior:
Restriction. In a traffic jam, when drivers cannot get where they are going on time or at the expected speed of travel, anxiety builds up to "escape" the confinement of congested traffic. Being confronted with danger. Congested traffic filled with impatient drivers who make unpredictable moves, cause "close calls" and near collisions. Regulation. Government regulation, and all of the rules associated with driving, angers some people because they feel like it is an imposition, prompting them to disregard the rules because they do not agree with them or they are just rebellious. Lack of control over the situation. When drivers have no control over their driving environment and are stuck in traffic, the lack of control over the traffic event is frustrating and often leads to anger vented towards a nearby driver.
Consider the probability of a dangerous event developing. Consider the consequences of your decision. Prepare to take action to manage the situation.
Risk assessment
nter the curve slower than the posted speed if:
Road conditions are slippery or if surface traction is less than ideal. You are entering a blind curve that you cannot see around. Your vehicle is tall and has substantial weight that is loaded high.
Step vans (delivery trucks) and 15-passenger vans are large vehicles with limited visibility to the rear. These vehicles have the same performance and handling characteristics of pickup trucks, SUVs and light trucks.
Seldom is there an interior mounted rear-view mirror available for the driver to see to the rear of the vehicle. Avoid placing your vehicle at the rear or directly to the side of a van on the road. Increase space between your vehicle and a large van if possible. If you have to pass, ensure there is space in your lane to quickly overtake and reenter your lane.
Brake Failure
Shift to a lower gear to decrease the speed of the vehicle. Pump the brake pedal in an attempt to restore pressure to the brake system. If pressure is restored, stop pumping. If this technique does not restore your brakes, use the parking brake to aid in slowing and stopping the vehicle. Be careful; applying the parking brake too abruptly may lock the rear wheels and put the vehicle in a skid. To prevent this, use your thumb on the release button, or pull the brake release as you alternately apply and release pressure using the parking brake. If necessary, steer towards something soft (sand or pea gravel) or into a clear area off the roadway. If a collision is unavoidable, steer to sideswipe rather than colliding head-on; this will reduce the force of impact.
Excessive speed and wet, snowy, icy, or sandy road conditions combined with abrupt braking, steering, or acceleration can cause a skid.
Skids are caused by: hard braking, abrupt acceleration, or traveling too fast.
The most common factors that create an emotionally impaired driver include:
Stress Anger or rage Fear, anxiety, or panic accompanied by irrational thoughts Depression Grief Speed addiction Risk addiction Habitual disrespect for the law Negativity that condones hostility on the highway Denial of one's own driving mistakes
These tips will help you handle OTC and prescription medications safely:
Tell your doctor about every drug you are taking, including OTC medicines and those prescribed by other doctors. Ask your pharmacist about possible side effects for each medicine or combination of medicines. Ask how these side effects may affect your driving. Always read the warning labels completely and carefully. Never take more of any drug than is prescribed. Never take a drug prescribed for someone else.
Any person operating a motor vehicle in the state of Virginia should abide by the following guidelines:
The speed limit on most interstate highways and in designated rural areas is 65 miles per hour (mph). Some highways have a speed limit of 70 mph. The speed limit on interstate highways in areas not designated as rural, or on limited access and non-limited access highways is 55 mph. The speed limit in residential zones is 25 mph unless signs show other limits. The speed limit in business districts is 25 mph unless signs show other limits. Near schools, the speed limit is 25 mph while children are outside or crossing the street. No matter what the speed limit sign states, you should never drive faster than 25 mph when the school ground has no fence and children are outside. In special traffic lanes and construction zones, observe the signs for different speed limits posted. Blind intersections are intersections where you cannot see for 100 feet in either direction during the last 100 feet before crossing. You should drive no faster than 15 mph and be able to stop if a vehicle pulls out suddenly.
Power steering failure is much more common than total steering failure.
The steering wheel will suddenly become very difficult to turn when the power steering fails. If your power steering fails, grip the steering wheel firmly and turn it with more force. Keep your eyes on the road, select a place to exit traffic, signal, and when it is safe to do so, steer off the road out of traffic and stop. Do not drive the vehicle again until you have a mechanic fix the problem.
Research your new vehicle for the application of other stability control technology such as the following:
The vehicle anticipates the direction the driver is steering, activating stability controls. Sensors examine steering angles, yaw rates, weight transfer loads (G loading) and wheel traction. Systems automatically select the correct course of action and engage the correct brake to keep the vehicle headed in the right direction.
Two-way roadways with a posted speed limit of 55 mph are typical in rural areas. These roads may have dangerous hills, curves and intersections.
There are fewer vehicles, yet drivers travel at very high speeds. Rural roads have many unique, high-risk characteristics.
What would you do if a driver in an oncoming vehicle on a two-lane undivided roadway suddenly loses control of his vehicle and swerves into your lane?
This is a manageable situation. You should steer to the right.
Downshift to a lower gear. Lift your foot off the accelerator. Use the parking brake to slow and stop the vehicle. Hold the parking brake release button down as you operate the handle to keep the rear wheels from locking and sending the vehicle into a skid. Do not use the foot brake because it might cause the vehicle to pull sharply to one side.
Total steering failure happens very rarely.
Create a following distance greater than 3 seconds when:
Traction and visibility are reduced. A driver behind you is trying to pass. Following a large truck or vehicle with limited rear vision. Following a large vehicle that is blocking your view of the road ahead. Following motorcycles. Driving on a hill or incline. You are distracted.
Determine a safe speed to travel based on:
Traffic density and the rate of flow The design and condition of the roadway How far ahead you can see
Determine a safe speed to travel based on:
Traffic density and the rate of flow. When you enter a congested traffic area, the space between vehicles is limited. Adjust your speed to open up space to maneuver. The design and condition of the roadway. If road traction and surface conditions are less than ideal, reduce your speed to maintain traction. How far ahead you can see. If you cannot see clearly or around obstacles, reduce your speed in the event you need to make an unexpected evasive maneuver.
veryday driving issues you may experience that elevate your risk include:
Traveling many miles per day in congested and low visibility traffic conditions. Exceeding the speed limit. Inattention and distraction. Driving when tired, sick, or medicated. Driving at night.Driving too fast for conditions.
ire failure can occur suddenly and without warning. However, the most frequent cause of a flat tire is a gradual loss of air that the driver does not notice. It is important to remember that tires wear quickly if you constantly drive in unfavorable conditions or fail to conduct routine tire maintenance. Abnormal tire wear can be caused by several things all of which can lead to tire failure. Several of the factors are listed below:
Under inflation (low tire pressure). Repeated hard and abrupt braking Sharp and overly aggressive steering maneuvers Unbalanced wheels Poor wheel alignment Frequently driving over bumps and through potholes
Examples of road rage behavior include:
Using the vehicle to cut other drivers off or run them over Chasing other vehicles in pursuit Throwing objects from the vehicle Physical fighting Rude and obscene gestures Shouting, swearing, name calling Honking to protest another driver's actions Shining high-beam headlights in retaliation
High speed increases the risk of collision because:
Vision is reduced. Traction and maneuverability are reduced. Momentum is increased and it takes the brakes longer to stop the vehicle. Force of impact is greater.
Maintain a 5-8 second space margin ahead in the following situations:
When following motorcycles - They provide little or no protection for riders, and motorcyclists stop more quickly than drivers of other vehicles. When following large trucks - They block your view ahead and you need extra room to see around and to the sides. When driving an RV, SUV, or van - The additional weight of recreational vehicles, sport utility vehicles, and large passenger vans cause them to require longer stopping distances. When you are following school buses and tank trucks carrying flammable liquids - These vehicles must stop at railroad crossings. Anticipate these stops and allow extra space. When on slippery roads allow a 7-8 second gap - You need more distance to stop your vehicle if the driver of the vehicle ahead slows or stops. When you have a heavy load or are pulling a trailer - Larger vehicles require more time and space to enter traffic or stop. For every 10 feet of trailer length, add one second of space.
hreshold Braking
With or without ABS, the best way to make a controlled stop in an emergency is to use the threshold braking method. With the heel of your foot on the floor, use your toes to quickly apply firm, steady pressure on the brake pedal just short of lockup--the point at which the wheels stop turning.
A person who exceeds the speed limit near a school when children are present or near a worksite when workers are present faces a fine up to $250 (VC 46.2-873).
Y
Driving at an excess of 20 mph above the speed limit, or at 80 mph is classified as reckless driving. This is considered a Class 1 misdemeanor and can result in a $2500 fine and a 12 month jail sentence (46.2-852, 46.2-862).
Y
Expressways include freeways, interstates, and toll roads. Expressways have maximum and minimum speed limits, and pedestrians and bicyclists are prohibited from using them.
Y
If traffic is traveling faster than the speed limit, resist going above the posted limit. The best approach is to be a "loner" and try to position your vehicle between packs of vehicles. If this is not possible, position your vehicle in the lane that allows you to travel as close to the speed limit as possible without blocking traffic.
Y
Keep a 3-4 second following distance. If the road is slippery or wet, increase the distance to 6-8 seconds.
Y
Over 80% of the vehicles involved in fatal crashes in 2008 were passenger cars or light trucks - including pickups, vans, and sport utility vehicles.
Y
Position your vehicle at least three seconds behind the vehicle you plan to follow. Merge smoothly. Turn off your signal. Adjust your speed to the traffic flow and recheck your rear-view mirror.
Y
Types of interchanges include designs that are shaped like a cloverleaf, a diamond, and a trumpet. A cloverleaf interchange is designed to eliminate conflicting traffic when you make a left turn or try to cross traffic. A diamond interchange is used when a road with low traffic intersects an expressway. Left turns can be made with lower risk on the low traffic road, so in this case a full cloverleaf is not necessary or economical. A trumpet interchange is used when a low traffic road ends at a "T" intersection of an expressway. The trumpet shape allows traffic to enter and leave the expressway without having to cross traffic.
Y
Typically, passing is conducted on the left. Passing on the right is permitted if slower traffic occupies the left lane.
Y
Watch out for a mental condition called "highway hypnosis" which is related to drowsy driving. Drivers can fall asleep or just enter a state of inattention easily.
Y
ncrease your following distance to 4-5 seconds if you have limited visibility, intersecting traffic, or a stationary object in the road.
Y
nterchanges are designed to connect drivers to other highways going in another direction, through a carefully developed system of ramps and over/underpasses. Interchanges allow for fewer interruptions of the traffic flow but they can also be complex, confusing, and disorienting.
Y
Alcohol enters the bloodstream very quickly and begins to affect the body almost immediately. It is quick to find its way to the brain because the brain contains more blood than any other organ. The amount of alcohol present in the bloodstream is called blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
YES
If you strike a moving object, choose one traveling in the same direction that you are traveling.
You can minimize crash consequences by hitting an object at an angle versus head-on. For example, many collisions have been classified as minor because the vehicle sideswiped a guardrail, bounced off, and the driver maintained control.
ou may also receive additional penalties if any of the following apply:
You were speeding Your BAC was extremely high A child was in the vehicle at the time Property was damaged You refused a chemical test
To be able to steer effectively and react quickly while driving, you need to be focused on driving with:
Your eyes and mind on the driving environment. Both hands on the wheel to be prepared for the unexpected.
A driver who feels justified in dominating others and participates in crash-causing behavior is a/an ___________.
aggressive driver
Which of the following beverages contains the most alcohol?
all of these contain the same amount of alcohol
Most state vehicle codes state that you shall not drive after taking a substance that
alters the central nervous system
Depressants affect the__________.
central nervous system
The rhythm that regulates the body's natural wake/sleep cycle is called _______.
circadian rhythm
When changing lanes on an expressway, signal your intentions and _________.
do not anticipate other drivers will open a gap for you to enter
Inattention is generally caused by concentration on __________.
emotional issues
Bicyclists often create unsafe situations by riding ________ for the traffic environment and weather
excessive speeds
In 2008, almost 8,000 fatal crashes occurred on multi-lane roadways and expressways with three or more lanes (NHTSA).
express way
Never drive when your body tells you_____.
it is tired
The scientific definition is the amount of work that is needed to accelerate a body of a known weight from zero to a given speed.
kinetic energy
If you notice someone driving erratically behind you, you should __________.
let him or her pass you and position your vehicle with plenty of space behind the bad driver
Alcohol is metabolized by the_________.
liver
To regain control of a vehicle in a skid, __________.
make smooth steering corrections
DUI Third Offense
ndefinite driver's license revocation Mandatory, minimum $1,000 fine Prosecution as a Class 6 Felony
o lower the risk of a collision, you should keep at least__________of space to one side of your vehicle at all times.
one car width
__________diamond-shaped or__________signs alert drivers of construction zones.
orange diamond shape
Place or secure large items and loose objects in the __________ for safety and to deter theft.
trunk
If you are in an emergency and there is no space to the side to steer out of the way of a crash, ___________.
use controlled braking
Large space margins on the roadway provide __________.
visibility, time and distance you need to avoid collisions
A "blowout" occurs when a tire suddenly loses all of its air pressure.
y
A $50 civil penalty fine is imposed for failure to have a child in a child restraint device. A $20 civil penalty fine is assessed when persons transporting a child exempted from this law due to medical reasons do not carry a written statement of the exemption. All fines collected go into a special fund to purchase safety seats for low-income families.
y
A 3-second space margin ahead (4-5 seconds for a truck or bus) when you are following another vehicle provides you enough time to find an alternate path you can steer into rather than having to make a panic stop.
y
A flashing yellow X means use this lane ONLY for a left turn. The lane is unprotected, so only enter this lane just prior to your turn. Check the lane to be sure traffic is clear before turning.
y
A green arrow, pointing at the road means the lane is traveling in your direction. Use this lane to travel.
y
About 24% of pedestrian fatalities occur at intersections.
y
According to NHTSA the combination of the front air bag and a seatbelt reduces the risk of serious crash-related head injury by 83%. Ensure the vehicle has front air bags at a minimum. If the air bags have been deployed they should have been replaced.
y
According to NHTSA, in 2005 there were 174 fatal crashes and 15,000 injury collisions involving animals and motor vehicles.
y
According to the NHTSA, in 2008, large vehicles including single-unit trucks and semi-trucks (18 wheelers) weighing more than 10,000 pounds accounted for approximately 11% of the vehicles in fatal crashes.
y
According to the NHTSA, the combination of ________ and ________ reduce the risk of serious crash-related head injury by 83 percent. Correct: front air bags, seat belts
y
As a driver, there are a few guidelines to help reduce the risk of colliding with a deer, moose, or elk:
y
As you enter the deceleration lane or the exit ramp, slow down and_____________. Correct: maintain a safe cushion of space ahead and behind your vehicle
y
As you go into a curve, you can feel centripetal force pulling you toward the outside of the curve. If you are going left, it will pull you to the outside edge of the roadway. If you are going right, centripetal force will pull your vehicle to the center of the road, or possibly into an oncoming traffic lane.
y
At highway speeds greater than 50 mph, when driving through hills, curves, inclement weather, or low-light conditions, increase the space ahead to at least five seconds.
y
At the intersection, search left, center, right, and left again.
y
Avoid eye contact unless you are making a courteous gesture. Eye contact is a trigger for road rage when you are communicating a negative message.
y
Traffic engineers use signals in combination with signs and markings to help control busy streets, roadways, and highways.
y
Braking skid. Braking skids occur when the brakes are applied so hard that the front or rear wheels lose traction.Regardless of which wheels lock, steering control will be lost. If the front wheels lock or lose traction (understeer), the vehicle skids straight ahead. If the rear wheels lock or lose traction (oversteer), the rear of the vehicle slides sideways.
y
Carry window cleaner and some paper towels, plus a snow brush and ice scraper in winter.
y
Check a rental vehicle for__________before you leave the lot. Correct: scratches and dents
y
Collision avoidance begins with the proper seat position for optimal control of the vehicle. Next, position your vehicle where you have clear visibility and time to react to what you see. A 3-second following distance provides a safe following space under most conditions; however, sometimes you need a much greater distance - especially at higher speeds.
y
Controlled intersections have signs, signals, and/or pavement markings to tell drivers what to do.
y
Cornering skid. If you drive too fast while making a turn or traveling through a curve, the front or rear wheels may lose traction. In a front-wheel skid, the vehicle will plow through the corner and tend to run off the outside corner. In a rear-wheel skid, the rear end of the vehicle may slide sideways.
y
Do not pass them if you cannot safely move out of your lane or keep a minimum distance of two feet to the left of the bicyclist (§46.2-839).
y
Do not try to drive more than__________hours in any one day. Correct: 8
y
Driving on slippery surfaces requires increased visual range.
y
Each year, about 1.5 million animal-vehicle collisions cause about $1 billion in damage, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
y
Electronic highway message boards communicate safety messages. When you see a message board with an amber dot flashing in each corner, this indicates the shoulder is closed.
y
Emergency vehicle is approaching. You must yield to any emergency vehicle that is using its siren and flashing lights. Virginia's "Move Over" law requires individuals driving on a multi-lane highway to move out of the way, when an emergency vehicle, with flashing lights, approaches.
y
Evasive acceleration is an effective maneuver during merging situations or when you detect another vehicle about to hit you from the side.
y
Every 15,000 miles, _______. Correct: check the automatic transmission fluid
y
Every 30,000 miles, __________. Correct: service the automatic transmission
y
Exiting a driveway or parking space. Yield to all vehicles already traveling in the roadway.
y
Finally, if you turn the steering wheel too sharply, your vehicle may skid, roll over, or head directly across the roadway into oncoming traffic.
y
Flash your high-beam headlights to other drivers you are behind and about to pass. Flash your high-beam headlights to oncoming drivers that have their high-beam headlights on.
y
For specific guidelines on your vehicle's maintenance, make sure to ___________. Correct: reference your owner's manual
y
Funeral processions. A vehicle with lighted headlights in a funeral procession has the right-of-way at an intersection and may proceed through the intersection if the procession is headed by a lead or funeral escort vehicle displaying flashing red and blue lights, unless the right-of-way is required by an emergency vehicle giving an audible signal (VC 46.2-828).
y
Guide signs provide information about routes, exits, location, distances, points of interest, and services.
y
Honk when you are approaching a blind curve to warn others that cannot see you coming. "Tap" on your horn to warn other drivers or pedestrians who cannot see you coming. Press hard or "lay" on the horn if you see a potential collision about to occur. Do not use your horn if you are behind a slow moving vehicle. Do not use your horn to greet other drivers or pedestrians. Do not use your horn directly behind a bicyclist or a horse rider on the side of the roadway.
y
Ice might not be easily seen but it will still create a slick, low traction surface on the roadway. If it occurs on an asphalt road the condition is known as "Black Ice" and is a true hazard. Shaded areas, over passes, and bridges are locations that can conceal spots of ice. These areas freeze first and dry out last.
y
If a stationary object suddenly appears in your path or you encounter intersecting traffic, three seconds does not provide you enough time or distance to safely maneuver out of harm's way. At speeds greater than 50 mph, the time and distance needed to bring the vehicle to a stop may be greater than the distance you can see ahead.
y
If a truck has a long and broad hood, the driver may also have restricted vision up to 20 feet beyond his or her front bumper. Long semi-trucks can have a blind spot of up to 200 feet behind the truck.
y
If parts are replaced when you have work done on your vehicle, __________. Correct: ask to see the old ones
y
If you are far enough away, flash your high-beam headlights to oncoming drivers that have their high-beam headlights on.
y
If you drive a newer vehicle, use your daytime running headlights (DRLs) to communicate your presence to other road users every time you drive. If you do not have them, always drive with your low-beam headlights on.
y
If you experience a stuck accelerator, apply the brakes, shift into neutral, and steer into an escape path or off the roadway. Turn off the ignition.
y
If you have a SOLID yellow line on your side of the road, do not pass or cross over into the oncoming lane.
y
Keep your eyes on the road. Select the best place to exit traffic. Shift into NEUTRAL and keep moving. Signal and steer out of traffic without braking. The brakes and steering will be harder to operate because the hydraulic system that controls your power brakes and power steering has failed. Position your vehicle safely on the shoulder and try to restart the engine. If it fails to start, turn on your emergency flashers and exit the vehicle away from traffic and raise the hood. If you have a cell phone, use it to call for roadside assistance. If you have them, place flares or warning triangles to warn other drivers.
y
Maintain a firm grip on the steering wheel with your hands at the 8 o'clock and 4 o'clock position. This keeps your hands low with both hands on the steering wheel throughout the steering maneuvers. This low hand position also helps minimize injury to your hands if the air bag deploys.
y
Maintaining a 3-second following distance is a good practice when you are following another vehicle on dry pavement and you have good visibility and a safe alternate path of travel (escape route) to at least one side. This rule works well for speeds up to 50 mph. Drivers who are ill, fatigued, or older than 55 years old should increase the space ahead.
y
Managing space to the sides of your vehicle is more difficult than controlling the space in front of it.
y
Most vehicles can travel approximately 300 miles on one tank of fuel.
y
NHTSA estimates that from 1975 through 2005, safety belts saved 211,128 lives, including 15,383 lives saved in 2006. Use the safety equipment installed in your vehicle.
y
Never leave your pet unattended in a parked car. On warm days, the temperature in your car can rise to 120° in a matter of minutes, even with the windows opened slightly. Furthermore, an animal left alone in a car is an invitation to pet thieves.
y
Night vision systems amplify existing light, enabling drivers to see obstructions in the roadway that are invisible in night, low-light conditions.
y
On the expressway, maintain a 3-4 second following distance. If the road is slippery or wet, adjust your distance to _________. Correct: 6-8 seconds
y
On the open road, plan a fuel stop before your fuel gauge reads 1/4 of a tank remaining.
y
On wet roads reduce your speed by 5-10 mph If there are wet leaves on the road, reduce your speed by half
y
One driving technique that could increase your fuel economy is to_______. Correct: avoid unnecessary idling
y
One-way streets have identifying features including __________. Correct: All of these answers are correct.
y
Orange, diamond shaped, or rectangular signs alert drivers of construction zones. Be ready to slow, stop, or drive around equipment and workers.
y
Passing is one of the most dangerous maneuvers drivers perform. Did you know that there are more than 6,000 head-on crashes every year?
y
Pedestrians present. Drivers must yield to pedestrians in marked or unmarked crossings. Drivers must also exercise "due care" to try and avoid hitting a pedestrian even if they are not in a pedestrian crossing.
y
Position your vehicle in the _______of your lane before turning right and move toward the center line when you are about to turn left. Correct: right side
y
Power skid. A power skid occurs when you suddenly press too hard on the accelerator and the drive wheels (front or rear) lose traction. A vehicle with front-wheel drive plows straight ahead. The rear end of a rear-wheel drive vehicle will skid to the side (fish tail).
y
Regulatory signs communicate laws. The regulatory speed limit sign is the most common sign on our roadways.
y
Sit erect and back in the seat, making sure you are at least 10 inches away from the steering wheel.
y
Sitting too close to the steering wheel increases the risk of being seriously injured in a crash or by the air bag.
y
Snow brush, combination ice scraper A bag of sand or kitty litter Lock de-icer fluid (be sure to not store this in your trunk - carry it with you) Snow shovel
y
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's control tire is assigned a rating of 100. Of current tires: 15% are rated below 200; 25% are rated 201-300; 32% are rated 301-400; 20% are rated 401-500; 6% are rated 501-600; and 2% are rated above 600.
y
The most dangerous time to be driving is within the first 20 minutes of a rain shower.
y
The traction rating for a tire is a measure of the tire's ability to stop on a wet surface. The three ratings are A, B, and C. The A rated tire offers the best traction. Temperature resistance is also rated A, B, and C. Tires rated A are the most heat-resistant and the least apt to have a heat-induced blowout.
y
There are through or cross-intersections, "T" and "Y" intersections, and traffic circles or roundabouts. Usually intersections have traffic controls to regulate traffic flow, yet some are uncontrolled. As you approach an intersection, quickly assess if the intersection is controlled or uncontrolled.
y
These taller vehicles make it more difficult for passenger car drivers to see through, around, or past them. In a crash, the bumpers of tall vehicles cause more damage and increase the possibility of injury to the car's occupants. They also cause more glare when approaching or following other traffic because headlights are higher. The square shape and taller height of the light trucks mean they are more likely to be blown off the road by high winds.
y
Tire failure can occur suddenly and without warning. A "blowout" occurs when a tire suddenly loses all of its air pressure. DO NOT brake hard; slow the vehicle - then gently apply the brake as you drive slowly off the road and onto the shoulder.
y
To lower the probability of a collision, try to maintain at least one car width of space to one side of your vehicle at all times.
y
Turning left and U-turns. Signal your intention when turning left at an intersection or when making a U-turn. Yield to all oncoming traffic until there is a gap providing you with sufficient time and space to safely turn.
y
Uncontrolled intersections do not have any traffic controls to regulate traffic.
y
Urban driving often involves limited _____ which often obstructs advance warning of traffic obstacles. Correct: visibility
y
Velocitation is caused by long periods of high speed travel. The eyes become fatigued in the horizontal plane due to images streaming through the windshield. Velocitation can be noticed when entering slower traffic after long periods of driving. A sudden drop in speed gives the illusion that you are traveling much slower than you actually are. When you experience velocitation, stop for several minutes and allow the eyes to rest.
y
When a traffic control device or flagman is at a worksite on a highway for traffic control, you should exercise extraordinary care to secure the mutual safety of all people and vehicles at the worksite. Failure to follow all applicable traffic safety rules in a construction zone will result in a fine up to $500 (VC 46.2-878.1).
y
When oncoming traffic is present you will need twice as much space. In the situation above you will need about 3,600 feet of clear space - a little over two-thirds of a mile! Many head-on, passing crashes occur because drivers fail to see and accurately judge the speed and distance of approaching vehicles.
y
When passing around a rotary traffic island, you must Correct: only drive to the right of the rotary traffic island
y
When rain first starts falling, the water mixes with dust, dirt, sand, and oil on the road surface, creating an extremely slippery substance. The most dangerous time to be driving is within the first 20 minutes of a rain shower. As the rain continues to fall, this slippery mixture is washed away; however, the road is still wet and it continues to present a low traction driving environment.
y
When traveling at a safe speed on an expressway, select a lane that allows others to __________. correct: pass you on the left
y
While driving in the city, the busy urban environment can induce ___________. Correct: Visual overload
y
White lettering and symbols painted on the surface of the roadway are used to __________. Correct: supplement signs
y
f you can, park inside a garage. Always have at least half a tank of gas to keep moisture from forming in your gas line and freezing.
y
f you have ABS, apply firm, steady pressure on the brake pedal. Do not pump the brake pedal or remove your foot from the brake.
y
f your brakes fail, downshift and use your parking brake to slow or stop the vehicle. If that does not work, steer towards something soft or into a clear area. Manage your collision.
y
he Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards are written in terms of__________safety performance requirements for motor vehicles. Correct: minimum
y
he use of turn signals and your brakes are the methods of communicating to other road users that are used most often.
y
ight trucks have a high center of gravity which increases their susceptibility to roll over.
y
nclement weather has the potential to cause low traction and/or low visibility.
y
our lane is ending. If your lane is ending, you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles already traveling in adjacent lanes.
y
our space margins must be large enough to provide the time and distance you need to execute an evasive maneuver. The space in front of your vehicle is the easiest to control and the space to the rear is the most difficult.
y
40% of adults are so tired that it interferes with their daily activities.
yes
50% of fatal crashes involve single vehicle collisions where the vehicle travels off the road, rolls over, or collides with a fixed object.
yes
62% of drivers drive when they are tired.
yes
A flashing red light means you must come to a complete stop and yield the right-of-way to cross traffic. Enter the intersection only when it is clear.
yes
A flashing yellow X allows you to use the lane to make left turns, but only for a very short period of time. Use extreme caution when making a left turn on a yellow X. You only have a short distance to make this maneuver before the oncoming traffic will block your path.
yes
A red X over a lane means DO NOT drive in this lane.
yes
ALWAYS give pedestrians the right-of-way.
yes
About 90% of the information required for safe driving relates to vision.
yes
Aggressive drivers injure two to four times more people than drunk drivers.
yes
Alcohol-impaired drivers are less able to interpret what they see. They make errors interpreting shapes, have altered depth perception, and experience difficulty in judging speed.
yes