IB 439 Quizzes 1-8

Why does Supply Chain Integration create value? A. Because the simultaneous achievement of economic value (efficiency). market value (effectiveness), and relevancy value is only possible when integration is present. B. Because integration automatically connects with customers and maximize service benefits. C. Because integration eliminates any source of conflict regarding supply chain relationships. D. Because integration decreases the need for complex planning and scheduling.

A. Because the simultaneous achievement of economic value (efficiency). market value (effectiveness), and relevancy value is only possible when integration is present.

The Volume of World Merchandise Trade can be measured by the average of exports and imports. In 2022, the world's leading country in merchandise trade was: A. China B. United States of America C. Germany D. Netherlands

A. China

A situation where a garage returns worn tires for retreading and receives them back is called a: A. Closed-loop system B. Waste stream C. Value-added system D. Reverse logistics system

A. Closed-loop system

________ program extends the idea of end-to-end collaboration a step forward by taking a step backward and optimizing production before it even begins. It creates product configurations that address infrastructure limitations and use supply chain capabilities as they evolve throughout the life of the product. A. Design for Supply Chain (DfSC) B. Continuous Replenishment Program C. Direct Order Fulfillment D. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI)

A. Design for Supply Chain (DfSC)

Closed-Loop Supply Chains include traditional forward supply chain activities and the additional activities of the reverse supply chain. These additional activities are listed below. EXCEPT: A. Direct Order Fulfillment B. Refurbishing C. Recycling D. Landfill/Disposal

A. Direct Order Fulfillment

In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization, which are listed below, except: A. Dissemination of Misconceptions B. Capital Investment and Movements C. Migration and Movement of People D. Trade and Transactions

A. Dissemination of Misconceptions

According to Freedom House, in terms of political system (access to political rights and civil liberties), more than 50% of the world is: A. Either Partly Free or Not Free B. Free C. Not Free D. Partly Free

A. Either Partly Free or Not Free

According to the (2018) UT GSCI - Advanced Demand Supply Integration article, there are three mechanisms that serve to help bring supply chat integration to fruition, EXCEPT: A. Functional Optimization B. Process C. Organizational Structure D. Culture

A. Functional Optimization

Global Supply Chain Management has higher complexity due to several factors, including the ones listed below, EXCEPT: A. Higher Supplier Quality B. Higher Exchange Rate Volatility C. Larger Geographic Distances D. Higher Product Variety in Global Markets

A. Higher Supplier Quality

A supply chain needs to achieve a balance between the level of availability and the cost of inventory that: A. Maximizes supply chain profitability B. Maximizes supply chain costs C. Maximizes supply chain revenues D. Maximizes supply chain availability

A. Maximizes supply chain profitability

In their 2006 article, Christopher, Peck, and Towill present a taxonomy for selecting global supply chain strategies. In a situation that the global supply chain has supply characteristics with LONG lead time and UNPREDICTABLE demand characteristics, the authors advise that the strategy selected should be: A. Postponement B. Continuous Replenishment C. Plan and Execute D. Quick Response

A. Postponement

Using the CAGE framework, presented in the article (2001) Ghemawat - Distance Still Matters, which product from the list below would experience a higher impact on Geographic Distance? A. Products that have a low value-to-weight or bulk ratio B. Products that are vital to national security C. Products that have a high linguist content D. Products that the demand varies with income level

A. Products that have a low value-to-weight or bulk ratio

_______________ is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to business competition or project planning: A. SWOT Analysis B. Porter's Five Forces Framework C. PDCA Cycle D. Balanced Scorecard

A. SWOT Analysis

____________ accommodates elapsed time between inventory availability (manufacturing, growing, or extraction) and consumption. A. Supply and Demand Balancing B. Buffering Uncertainty C. Geographical Specialization D. Decoupling

A. Supply and Demand Balancing

In terms of World Logistics Infrastructure, indicate which statement is FASLE: A. The density of land network (rail lines and roads) is homogeneous across the word. B. Logistics structures are constrained by geographic barriers. C. North America and Europe have a higher development of logistics structures than Latin America. D. Logistics Infrastructure is aligned with population concentration, where most of the demand for products and services is located.

A. The density of land network (rail lines and roads) is homogeneous across the word.

To meet the global challenges, management must evaluate the complexity of global supply chains operations. Indicate which one of the following statements is an example of global supply chain complexity: A. Unique national accommodations such as performance features, power supply characteristics, and safety requirements. B. Safety and environmental regulations that are standardized across countries. C. Low incidence of counter trade and duty drawback found in some international situations. D. Decreased amount of documentation required for international operations.

A. Unique national accommodations such as performance features, power supply characteristics, and safety requirements.

In 2018, the world's leading country in commercial services trade was: A. United States of America B. Germany C. Netherlands D. China

A. United States of America

Compared to Domestic Logistics, International Logistics inventories have ______________ levels, reflecting _____________ lead times and ______________ demand and transit uncertainty. A. higher, longer, greater B. lower, shorter, greater C. higher, longer, lower D. lower, shorter, lower

A. higher, longer, greater

It is better to carry more safety inventory downstream if: A. inventory is inexpensive to hold and customers are time sensitive. B. inventory is expensive to hold and customers are time sensitive. C. inventory is inexpensive to hold and customers are not time sensitive. D. inventory is expensive to hold and customers are not time sensitive.

A. inventory is inexpensive to hold and customers are time sensitive.

The overall strategic objective of demand and supply integration is to balance customer service ___________, operating costs __________, and inventory _______________. A. maximization, minimization, minimization B. minimization, minimization, minimization C. minimization, minimization, maximization D. maximization, minimization, maximization

A. maximization, minimization, minimization

The ultimate strategic goal in Supply Chain Management is: A. to create value for products and services to end customers B. to maximize sales C. to minimize cost D. to stabilize demand

A. to create value for products and services to end customers

Complete the figure below from the article (1989) Yip - Global Strategy in a World of Nations: A. (I) National Strategic Disadvantage, (II) Global Strategic Disadvantage, (III) Balanced Global and National Strategic Advantage B. (I) National Strategic Disadvantage, (II) Balanced Global and National Strategic Advantage, (III) Global Strategic Disadvantage C. (I) Global Strategic Disadvantage, (II) Balanced Global and National Strategic Advantage, (III) National Strategic Disadvantage D. (I) Global Strategic Disadvantage, (II) National Strategic Disadvantage, (III) Balanced Global and National Strategic Advantage

B. (I) National Strategic Disadvantage, (II) Balanced Global and National Strategic Advantage, (III) Global Strategic Disadvantage

According to AON's Political Risk Map, which world region from the list below has the highest risk of political instability? A. North America B. Africa C. Europe D. Latin America

B. Africa

_________ defines the strategic emphasis that a firm places on certain performance measures and operational capabilities within a value chain. A. Operations Strategy B. Competitive Priorities C. Customer Expectations D. Competitive Advantage

B. Competitive Priorities

Indicate from the statements below, which one IS NOT a challenge of Global Logistics: A. Increased risk of supply chain disruptions B. Decreasing consumer expectations of quality and service C. Governmental rules and regulations across the global supply chain D. Coordination between partners to integrate supply and demand

B. Decreasing consumer expectations of quality and service

The strategy formulation process should consider the present forces in the modern marketplace. The list below presents these current forces, EXCEPT: A. Presence of an increasing number of alternatives for decision making. B. Increasing profit margins. C. Extensive connectivity and advances in technology. D. Demands for the flexibility of partnership and collaborative networks.

B. Increasing profit margins.

Indicate from the statements below, which one is an ADVANTAGE of Globalization: A. Impact on inequality, the gap between the poor and the rich B. Lower prices with high quality C. Non-controlled circulation of money D. Impact on small businesses

B. Lower prices with high quality

The order fulfillment strategy determines the ___________ in the supply chain, which describes the stage in the system where the "push " (or forecast-driven) and " pull " (or demand-driven) elements of the supply chain meet. It is a buffer that is needed to cater for the discrepancy between the sales forecast and the actual demand. It has become increasingly necessary to minimize the dependence on forecast and to maximize the reactionary or demand-driven supply chain elements. A. Safety Stock Level B. Ordering Decoupling/Penetration Point C. Economic Order Quantity D. Cycle Inventory Level

B. Ordering Decoupling/Penetration Point

___________ is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products. A. Porter's Five Forces Framework B. PDCA Cycle C. SWOT Analysis D. Balanced Scorecard

B. PDCA Cycle

_________________is a business strategy which maximizes possible benefit and minimizes risk by delaying further investment into a product or service until the last possible moment. It requires a high degree of product design standardization and flexibility for customization. A. Sales and Operations Planning B. Postponement C. Vendor Managed Inventory D. Efficient Consumer Response

B. Postponement

Indicate from the statements below, which one IS NOT an impact of Globalization to Supply Chain Management: A. Changing Demographics, Wealth Distribution, and Urbanization B. Reduced Complexity C. Global Trade Growth D. Increased Risk and Uncertainty

B. Reduced Complexity

Increasingly, supply chains involve relationships that cross international boundaries. Indicate which one of the following is a challenge for global supply chains: A. Increased availability of technology and communication solutions. B. Returns and repairs of defective products. C. Low labor and material costs. D. Incentives and tax deductions.

B. Returns and repairs of defective products.

____________ encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities. Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, supply management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. A. Logistics Management B. Supply Chain Management C. Customer Relationship Management D. Value Chain Management

B. Supply Chain Management

One current strategic SCM issue is ________, it involves: redesigning products and services to reduce pollution from transportation, choosing "green" suppliers, managing returns, and end-of-life programs. A. Risk Management B. Supply Chain Sustainability C. Supply Chain Performance Measurement D. Information Technology Integration

B. Supply Chain Sustainability

From a business and supply chain perspective, _________________ are usually based upon a recognition that industrial systems need to be in harmony with nature by not depleting resources beyond their replacement or regeneration rate. A. Life Cycle Practices B. Sustainability Practices C. Reverse Logistics Practices D. Ecological Practices

B. Sustainability Practices

_____________ is the set of supply chain management policies held, actions taken, and relationships formed in response to concerns related to the natural environment and social issues with regard to the design, acquisition, production, distribution, use, reuse, and disposal of the firm's "goods and services." A. Environmental Protection Act B. Sustainable Supply Chain Management C. Continuous Improvement D. ISO 14000

B. Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Core Competencies are: A. Various flow strategies B. The unique resources and strengths that management considers when formulating strategy. C. Product or service attributes that represent the needs of a particular market segment. D. Another name for competitive priorities

B. The unique resources and strengths that management considers when formulating strategy.

_________________ is an inventory planning and replenishment system where the supplier (vendor) accepts negotiated responsibilities that typically include monitoring and restocking using point-of-sale (POS) data. A. Postponement B. Vendor Managed Inventory C. Efficient Consumer Response D. Sales and Operations Planning

B. Vendor Managed Inventory

Inventory is considered a WASTEFUL asset _______________. A. When it provides increased availability to consumers. B. When it is used to compensate quality problems. C. When it expands the market region that the company operates. D. When it increases other service offerings.

B. When it is used to compensate quality problems.

The trade-off that a supply chain manager must consider when planning safety inventory is: A. decreasing product availability versus decreasing the level of safety inventory. B. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs. C. increasing product availability versus raising the level of safety inventory. D. decreasing product availability versus decreasing inventory holding costs.

B. increasing product availability versus increasing inventory holding costs.

In making inventory decisions, the purpose of the basic Economic Order Quantity (EOO) model is to: A. minimize carrying costs. B. minimize the sum of carrying costs and ordering costs. C. minimize ordering costs. D. minimize customer dissatisfaction.

B. minimize the sum of carrying costs and ordering costs.

In terms of planning principles, world-class supply chains are: A. Supply driven B. Isolated C. Agile D. Speculative

C. Agile

______________is a strategy performance management tool - a semi-standard structured report, that can be used by managers to keep track of the execution of activities by the staff within their control and to monitor the consequences arising from these actions. A. Porter's Five Forces Framework B. SWOT Analysis C. Balanced Scorecard D. PDCA Cycle

C. Balanced Scorecard

Why does Supply Chain Integration create value? A. Because integration eliminates any source of conflict regarding supply chain relationships. B. Because integration increases inventory levels and, as a consequence, substantially increases service offerings. C. Because the simultaneous achievement of economic value, market value, and relevancy value is only possible when integration is present. D. Because integration decreases the need for complex planning and scheduling.

C. Because the simultaneous achievement of economic value, market value, and relevancy value is only possible when integration is present.

______________ accommodates imperfect information related to demand in excess of forecast or unexpected delays in order receipt and order processing on delivery and is typically referred to as safety stock. A. Geographical Specialization B. Supply and Demand Balancing C. Buffering Uncertainty D. Decoupling

C. Buffering Uncertainty

In their 2006 article, Christopher, Peck, and Towill present a taxonomy for selecting global supply chain strategies. In a situation that the global supply chain has supply characteristics with SHORT lead time and PREDICTABLE demand characteristics, the authors advise that the strategy selected should be: A. Quick Response B. Plan and Execute C. Continuous Replenishment D. Postponement

C. Continuous Replenishment

In the article (2001) Ghemawat - Distance Still Matters, the author presents the CAGE Distance Framework. The CAGE framework helps managers identify and assess the impact of distance on various industries. The upper part of the framework lists the key attributes underlying the four dimensions of distance (C,A,G,E) and the lower portion shows how they affect different products and industries. The four dimensions of distance are: A. Coordination, Alliance, Geographic, Economic B. Cultural Administrative, Geographic, Environment C. Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, Economic D. Coordination, Administrative, Geographic, Environment

C. Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, Economic

According to the (2018) UT GSCI - Supply Chain Integration Strategy Best Practices article, ______________is the process of connecting decisions and actions across an end-to-end supply chain (supplier's supplier to consumption) to drive total value for all stakeholders. It requires aligning strategies, effectively managing operations, and maintaining reciprocal flows of information among stakeholders to consistently optimize results for the entire supply chain. A. Collaboration B. Digitalization C. Integration D. Synchronization

C. Integration

________________ is a method for analyzing competition for a business. It draws from industrial organization economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity, and therefore, the attractiveness of an industry in terms of its profitability. A. Balanced Scorecard B. SWOT Analysis C. Porter's Five Forces Framework D. PDCA Cycle

C. Porter's Five Forces Framework

There are potential strategic benefits for global supply chains. Indicate from the list below which statement is NOT a primary reason for establishing global supply chains: A. Technological and process specialization B. Opportunity for cost reductions. C. Potential reduction in customer base D. Improvements in quality

C. Potential reduction in customer base

According to DHL's Global Connectedness Index 2022 Report, indicate which statement below is FALSE related to recent Globalization patterns: A. A turn from globalization to regionalization has become commonplace. B. Even in the face of substantial shocks over the last few years, international flows have shown great resilience. C. The public policy environment has become more favorable for globalization. D. International flows have proven remarkably resilient despite recent shocks, with trade and many other types of flows already well above pre-pandemic levels.

C. The public policy environment has become more favorable for globalization.

A ________ is a type of intergovernmental agreement,often part of a regional intergovernmental organization,where barriers to trade (tariffs and others) are reduced oreliminated among the participating states. A. Foreign Trade Zone B. International Trade Center C. Trade Bloc D. Trade Hub

C. Trade Bloc

The _____________ is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological), and financial. A. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) B. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) C. Triple Bottom Line (3BL)

C. Triple Bottom Line (3BL)

An inventory system answers two important questions: when to order and how much to order. Which of the following statements correctly explains how a Q system (continuous review system) or a P system (periodic review system) answers these questions? A. Under a Q system, a fixed quantity is ordered every P time period. B. Under a Q system, an order is placed to replenish the inventory position up to the target level T when the inventory position reaches the reorder point R. C. Under a P system, an order is placed to replenish the inventory position up to the target level T every P time periods. D. Under a P system, a fixed quantity Q is ordered when the inventory position reaches the reorder point R.

C. Under a P system, an order is placed to replenish the inventory position up to the target level T every P time periods.

A global supply chain with offshoring increases the length and duration of information, product, and cash flows. The impact of offshoring on raw material costs is: A. a systematic increase on procurement costs B. a systematic decrease on procurement costs C. an increase or a decrease on procurement costs depending on raw material sourcing D. no change on procurement costs.

C. an increase or a decrease on procurement costs depending on raw material sourcing

In the article (1990) Prahalad & Hamel - The Core Competence of the Corporation, the authors present the Core Competency, a critical concept in management theory, Core Competency can be defined: A. "as products or functions critical to outsourcing" B. "as discrete businesses where capital is allocated business by business" C. "as critical to provide potential access to narrow local markets" D. "as a harmonized combination of multiple resources and skills that distinguish a firm in the marketplace"

D. "as a harmonized combination of multiple resources and skills that distinguish a firm in the marketplace"

Closed Loop Supply Chains include the returns process in order to capture additional value. Complete the table below, from the article (2005) Mollenkopf & Closs - The Hidden Value in Reverse Logistics: A. (1) EXPENSES; (2) REVENUES, (3) ASSETS B. (1) REVENUES, (2) ASSETS, (3) EXPENSES C. (1) ASSETS, (2) EXPENSES, (3) REVENUES D. (1) REVENUES, (2) EXPENSES, (3) ASSETS

D. (1) REVENUES, (2) EXPENSES, (3) ASSETS

According to Dr. Dittmann's Supply Chain Transformation book, the first step in designing a supply chain strategy is: A. Analyze Your Competition's Supply Chain B. Evaluate the Supply Chain Game Changers C. Audit Your Internal Supply Chain Capabilities D. Assess Your Customer's Needs

D. Assess Your Customer's Needs

In terms of World Population, which statement is TRUE: A. Total World Population is estimated to be approximately 3 billion people. B. World population is homogenously spread out across different geographic regions. C. Total World Population has declined in the last 20 years. D. China, India, and the United States of America are the top 3 countries in population size.

D. China, India, and the United States of America are the top 3 countries in population size.

According to the article (2003) Guide et al - The Challenge of Closed-Loop Supply Chains, one of the primary challenges associated with Closed-Loop Supply Chains is that: A. Reverse and closed-loop supply chains, including remanufacturing, are not new. B. Forward supply chains incorporate many interdisciplinary elements. C. The manufacturer has the intent of capturing additional value. D. Companies do not actively manage the process of acquiring returns, failing to align costs and selling opportunities.

D. Companies do not actively manage the process of acquiring returns, failing to align costs and selling opportunities.

___________ allows economy of scale within a single facility and permits each process to operate at maximum efficiency rather than having the speed of the entire process constrained by the slowest. A. Supply and Demand Balancing B. Geographical Specialization C. Buffering Uncertainty D. Decoupling

D. Decoupling

In the (2014) UTK Global Supply Chains report, the EPIC framework is presented (Economy, Politics, Infrastructure, and Competence). The academic report identifies five best practices for managing a complex and global supply chain. Indicate from the list below which statement is NOT one of these practices: A. Development of strong supplier collaborative partnerships B. Establishment of a process to manage complexity, especially product complexity C. Human resources management that provides a talented team on the ground D. Development of improved forecasts throughout the supply chain for better demand anticipation

D. Development of improved forecasts throughout the supply chain for better demand anticipation

Indicate which one of the following statements is NOT aligned with the principles of Systems Analysis: A. Trade-off exists between components that stimulate or hinder total system performance. B. The performance of the total system is the most important factor to be considered. C. Individual components linked together as an integrated system may produce end results greater than possible through individual performance. D. Each individual component needs to have the best or optimum design.

D. Each individual component needs to have the best or optimum design.

Which of the following is an example of reverse logistics? A. Source Tagging B. Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) C. Direct Source Delivery D. Handling of returns

D. Handling of returns

In terms of Supply Chain Alignment, a "push" or (forecast-driven) anticipatory type of supply chain is aligned with the following characteristics, EXCEPT: A. Low Profit Margins B. Predictable Demand C. Long Product Life Cycle D. High Product Variety

D. High Product Variety

Indicate from the statements below, which one is a DISADVANTAGE of Globalization: A. Increase in production and consumption B. Increase in welfare and prosperity C. Increase in industrialization D. Impact of the mix of cultures

D. Impact of the mix of cultures

In the (2005) Mollenkopf & Closs - The Hidden Value in Reverse Logistics article, the authors present four ways that Reverse Logistics can have a positive financial impact, EXCEPT: A. Goodwill from acting socially and environmentally responsible B. Increased revenues from secondary sales C. Improve asset turnover and reduce inventory D. Increased cost of goods sold from reclaimed components

D. Increased cost of goods sold from reclaimed components

In the 2004 article, "What Everyone Needs to Know about SCM", Robert Trent identifies five common supply chain trade-offs. _______________: Aggregating material movements allows fewer and larger shipments and reduces transportation costs. Less frequent material movement, however, requires holding inventory and possible decreases in customer service. A. Lead Time - Transportation trade-off B. Lot Size - Inventory trade-off C. Cost - Customer Service trade-off D. Inventory - Transportation trade-off

D. Inventory - Transportation trade-off

The impact of the lack of Supply Chain Integration decreases for the following measure: A. Transportation cost B. Replenishment lead time C. Manufacturing cost D. Level of product availability

D. Level of product availability

A business focusing on increasing the efficiency of its operations is more directly addressing: A. Higher quality B. Product variety C. Volume flexibility D. Lower cost

D. Lower cost

According to the World Bank's World Integrated Trade Solution database, the top product category imported and exported by the USA is: A. Chemical B. Transportation C. Textiles and Clothing D. Machinery and Electrical

D. Machinery and Electrical

______________ is an integrated business management process through which the executive/leadership team continually achieves focus, alignment and synchronization among all functions of the organization. It includes an updated forecast that leads to a sales plan, production plan, inventory plan, customer lead time (backlog) plan, new product development plan, strategic initiative plan and resulting financial plan. A. Efficient Consumer Response B. Postponement C. Vendor Managed Inventory D. Sales and Operations Planning

D. Sales and Operations Planning

The (2013) UT Game Changing Trends in Supply Chain report indicates 10 strategic shifts in Supply Chain Management. Indicate from the list below which one is NOT one of those 10 trends: A. Shift from Incremental Change to a Transformational Agile Strategy B. Shift from Vertical Integration to Virtual Integration C. Shift from Customer Service to Customer Relationship Management D. Shift from Relative Value for Customers to Absolute Value for the Firm

D. Shift from Relative Value for Customers to Absolute Value for the Firm

Indicate from the list below, which one is the FALSE statement related to Business Strategic Management: A. Strategy can be intended or emerge as a pattern of activity as the organization adapts to its environment. B. Strategy is a system of finding, formulating, and developing a doctrine that will ensure long-term success. C. Strategy generally involves setting goals, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. D. Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usually unlimited.

D. Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve these goals are usually unlimited.

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of the following factors except: A. Ideas/Culture B. World Views C. Products D. The Increased Role of National Government/Nation States

D. The Increased Role of National Government/Nation States

There are several reasons for longer and less consistent response time in global logistics. Indicate which statement below is NOT considered a primary reason for this pattern: A. A substantial fraction of international freight moves by ocean, at a slower speed and with less consistency than land (or air) transportation. B. Additional documentation and arrangements that are usually required may take considerable time to complete. C. Physical flows are uncertain due to increasingly unstable weather patterns and natural disasters. D. The reduced number of institutions and companies involved requires simple coordination.

D. The reduced number of institutions and companies involved requires simple coordination.

The Total Relevant Value Orientation concept states that: A. Total Relevant Value = Total Cost of Ownership / Customer Value B. Total Relevant Value = Total Cost of Ownership X Customer Value C. Total Relevant Value = Total Cost of Ownership - Customer Value D. Total Relevant Value = Total Cost of Ownership + Customer Value

D. Total Relevant Value = Total Cost of Ownership + Customer Value

The required safety inventory: A. remains stable with an increase in the desired product availability B. decreases with an increase in the desired product availability C. grows rapidly with a decrease in the desired product availability D. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability

D. grows rapidly with an increase in the desired product availability

In the last 20 years, World Trade Volumes (Exports and Imports) have: A. decreased at an increased rate B. increased at a decreased rate C. decreased at a decreased rate D. increased at an increased rate

D. increased at an increased rate

When compared to Domestic Logistics, International Logistics performance cycles are: A. shorter, less consistent, and less flexible B. longer, more consistent, and less flexible C. shorter, more consistent, and less flexible D. longer, less consistent, and less flexible

D. longer, less consistent, and less flexible