IB BIO TOPIC 8.3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS HL, IB TOPIC 2.9 PHOTOSYNTHESIS SL, IB BIO TOPIC 2.8 CELL RESPIRATION SL, IB BIO TOPIC 8.2 CELL RESPIRATION HL
During glycolysis a hexose sugar is broken down to two pyruvate molecules. What is the correct sequence of stages? A. Phosphorylation → oxidation → lysis B. Oxidation → phosphorylation → lysis C. Phosphorylation → lysis → oxidation D. Lysis → oxidation → phosphorylation
C
In the mitochondrial electron transport chain, what is the last electron acceptor? A. CO2 B. H2O C. O2 D. NAD
C
What conclusion can be drawn from examining the action spectrum for a green plant? A. Yellow light is the most effective at promoting photosynthesis. B. Every colour of light is equally effective at promoting photosynthesis. C. Light of wavelength 550 nm is least effective at promoting photosynthesis. D. Light in the green range is the most effective at promoting photosynthesis.
C
What occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. ATP is produced. B. Ribose reacts with carbon dioxide to form glucose. C. Energy for the cycle is provided by the light-dependent reaction. D. Darkness stimulates the conversion of glucose to starch.
C
What is chemiosmosis? A. Coupling of ATP synthesis to the electron transport and proton movement B. Phosphorylation of glucose in the mitochondrial matrix C. H+ ions moving down a concentration gradient into the mitochondrial matrix D. Activation of ATPase in order to synthesize ATP
A
What is a function of STROMA? A. Carbon fixation B. Absorption of light C. Storage of glucose D. Production of ATP
AA
What is the total number of ATP molecules used and produced during glycolysis? A. 2,2 B. 0,2 C. 2,4 D. 4,4
C
What process occurs during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Oxygen is released into the atmosphere. B. Protons are pumped from the thylakoid space to the stroma. C. RuBP is carboxylated then regenerated in the Calvin cycle. D. Triose phosphate is converted to glycerate 3-phosphate.
C
Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough? A. Oxygen B. Methane C. Carbon dioxide D. Water vapour
C
In cell respiration, what is the name of the process where glucose is broken down into pyruvate? A. Electron transport chain B. Krebs cycle C. Link reaction D. Glycolysis
D
What substance is produced from glucose during anaerobic respiration in all organisms? A. Carbon dioxide B. Ethanol C. Lactate D. Pyruvate
D
Why is light important in photosynthesis? A. To produce ATP and split water molecules B. To produce ADP needed to fix carbon dioxide C. To activate the enzymes that fix carbon dioxide D. To activate carbon dioxide molecules
A
When is energy released in a cell? A. ADP combines with inorganic phosphate. B. ATP releases inorganic phosphate. C. NAD+ combines with hydrogen. D. NAD+ releases hydrogen.
B
Which process occurs during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? A. ATP, CO2 and H2O are produced. B. CO2 is used to produce carbohydrates. C. ATP and O2 are produced. D. RuBP is phosphorylated.
C
What is the source of the oxygen released into the atmosphere in photosynthesis? A. Glucose B. Carbon dioxide C. Chlorophyll D. Water
D
What describes anaerobic cell respiration? A. Glucose break down to pyruvate B. Carbon dioxide fixation C. No ATP formation D. Occurs in the mitochondrion
A
From which substrate is the first carbon dioxide molecule released during cellular respiration? A. Glucose B. Pyruvate C. Acetyl CoA D. Citrate (a C6 intermediate compound in the Krebs cycle)
B
Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle take place? A. Stroma of chloroplast B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Cytoplasm D. Inside thylakoid
A
How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen produced II. By the increase in biomass III. By the amount of carbon dioxide produced A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I, II and III
B
In a chloroplast where are the enzymes of the Calvin cycle located? A. Thylakoid membranes B. Stroma C. Grana D. Outer membrane of chloroplast
B
Which process requires oxygen in aerobic cell respiration? A. Oxidation of triose phosphate B. Reduction of hydrogen carriers C. Maintaining an oxygen concentration gradient in mitochondria D. Accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
D
What is the advantage of having a small volume inside the thylakoids of the chloroplast? A. High proton concentrations are rapidly developed. B. High electron concentrations are rapidly developed. C. Photosynthetic pigments are highly concentrated. D. Enzymes of the Calvin cycle are highly concentrated.
A
Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell? A. Thylakoid membranes B. Stroma C. Matrix D. Cristae
A
In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis what supplies low energy electrons to photosystem II? A. Photolysis of water B. Reduction of NADP+ C. Chemiosmosis D. Photosystem I
A
What causes cyclic photophosphorylation to occur in photosynthesis? A. Reduced NADP is accumulating in the stroma. B. Photoactivation of photosystem II is inhibited. C. Light-dependent reactions are slower than light-independent reactions. D. ATP is not required for the Calvin cycle.
A
How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen produced II. By the increase in biomass III. By the amount of carbon dioxide produced A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I, II and III
B
What happens during oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate? A. Reduction of NAD+ and oxidation of CO2 B. Oxidation of NADH and production of CO2 C. Reduction of NAD+ and production of CO2 D. Oxidation of NADH and reduction of CO2
C
What happens in both respiration and photosynthesis? A. Triose phosphates are decarboxylated. B. NADPH is produced. C. ATP is produced. D. Electrons pass through ATP synthase.
C
What is light energy used for during photosynthesis? A. To produce carbon dioxide B. To produce water molecules C. To produce ATP D. To break down sugar molecules
C
What is the energy absorbed by chlorophyll used directly for in plants? I. To produce ATP II. To split water III. To fix CO2 A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. II and III only
C
What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis? A. Chlorophyll B. Carbon dioxide only C. Water only D. Both water and carbon dioxide
C
Where in a eukaryotic cell does the Krebs cycle take place? A. In the cytoplasm B. Between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria C. In the matrix of the mitochondria D. On the surface of the cristae
C
During photosynthesis, what happens in the chloroplast at the location labelled lumen? A. Protons accumulate. B. Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation. C. NADH is oxidized. D. Oxygen is produced.
A
What happens during glycolysis for one molecule of glucose? A. Two pyruvates are formed. B. There is a net gain of two NADPH + H+. C. There is a net loss of two ATP. D. Two acetyl CoA are formed.
A
What happens during the pathway of glycolysis? A. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate. B. Carbon dioxide is produced. C. More ATP is consumed than is produced. D. Lactic acid is produced.
A
What is a feature of shorter wavelength visible radiation? A. It includes violet light. B. It has less energy per photon than longer wavelengths. C. It is absorbed by greenhouse gases. D. It is reflected by chlorophyll.
A
What is formed from glucose during anaerobic cell respiration? A. Lactate and ATP in cytoplasm B. Carbon dioxide and water in mitochondria C. Lactate and carbon dioxide in mitochondria D. Carbon dioxide and water in cytoplasm
A
What is light energy used for in photolysis? A. Formation of hydrogen and oxygen B. Formation of carbon dioxide only C. Formation of ATP and glucose D. Formation of oxygen only
A
What is the role of NADH + H+ in aerobic cell respiration? A. To transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain B. To reduce intermediates in the Krebs cycle C. To accept electrons from the electron transport chain D. To combine with oxygen to produce water
A
What products of the light-dependent reactions are used in the light-independent reactions? A. ATP and NADPH B. NADPH and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) C. CO2 and ATP D. ATP and O2
A
Which molecule would first contain 14C if the alga Chlorella was grown in the presence of light and radioactive CO2? A. Glycerate 3-phosphate B. Glucose C. Rubisco D. Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
A
Which of the following colours of light is absorbed the most by chlorophyll? A. Blue B. Green C. Yellow D. Orange
A
Which of the following is a role of ATP in photosynthesis? A. It provides the energy to make carbohydrate molecules. B. It splits water molecules to form oxygen and hydrogen. C. It breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide. D. It converts light energy into chemical energy.
A
Which reaction does not cause a net release of energy? A. ADP combines with inorganic phosphate to form ATP B. ATP releases inorganic phosphate to form ADP C. Loss of hydrogen from reduced NAD D. Oxidation of reduced FAD
A
Which technological advance enabled Calvin to perform his lollipop experiment on the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in 1949? A. Methods for tracing radioactive carbon incorporated in molecules produced by the alga Chlorella B. Development of electron microscopes enabling the molecules produced by the alga Scenedesmus to be viewed C. Methods for changing the wavelength of light shining on the alga Scenedesmus contained in the lollipop D. Development of X-ray diffraction techniques enabling the molecules produced by the alga Chlorella to be identified
A
How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. Water molecules are split with energy from ATP. B. Water molecules are split with energy from light. C. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from ATP. D. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from light.
B
How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. Water molecules are split with energy from ATP. B. Water molecules are split with energy from light. C. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from ATP. D. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from light.
B
What are the effects of changing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? I. At low and moderate carbon dioxide concentrations, decreases cause the rate of photosynthesis to fall. II. At high carbon dioxide concentrations, increases do not alter the rate of photosynthesis. III. At high carbon dioxide concentrations, increases cause the rate of photosynthesis to fall. A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. III only
B
What explains that this reaction enables energy to be converted into a usable form? A. The oxidized NAD+ will transfer the energy from the C6 compound to ATP. B. The chemical energy stored in the C6 compound is used to reduce NAD+ allowing ATP production. C. Energy stored in the CO2 molecule will generate an electron gradient. D. The C6 compound is reduced and the energy resulting from the removal of one carbon is used to oxidize NAD+.
B
What happens for each glucose during glycolysis? A. Four ATP are used. B. Two three-carbon compounds are formed. C. Two NADPH + H+ are formed. D. Two pyruvates are decarboxylated
B
What is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin cycle? A. Hydrogen and oxygen B. ATP and NADPH C. NADPH and oxygen D. ATP and CO2
B
What is the link reaction in aerobic respiration? A. Pyruvate is carboxylated, acetyl reacts with coenzyme A, reducing NADH + H+ B. Pyruvate is decarboxylated, acetyl reacts with coenzyme A, forming NADH + H+ C. Pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A, forming NADH + H+ D. Pyruvate is decarboxylated, reacting with coenzyme A, reducing NADH + H+
B
What is used to reduce NADP in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Conversion of ATP into ADP+Pi B. Electrons from Photosystem I C. Protons from the thylakoid space D. Oxygen released by photolysis of water
B
What occurs during oxidative phosphorylation? A. ATP production using electrons from NADP B. Coupling of ATP synthesis to electron transport C. Chemiosmosis in the matrix of the mitochondrion D. Release of energy as ATP reacts with oxygen
B
Where are complex carbohydrates made in the chloroplast? A. In the intermembrane space B. In the stroma C. On the inner membrane D. In the thylakoid space
B
Which chemical is produced during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? A. Carbon dioxide B. Pyruvate C. Water D. Lactate
B
Which of the following factors influence(s) the rate of oxygen production in photosynthesis? I. Temperature II. Wavelength of light III. Number of mitochondria A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B
Which of the following processes produces CO2? I. Glycolysis II. Alcohol (ethanol) fermentation III. Lactic acid production A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III
B
Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell D. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell
B
Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C. Chloroplast D. Mitochondrion
B
Which type of light is least useful for photosynthesis in terrestrial plants? A. Blue B. Green C. White D. Red
B
What reaction, involving glycerate 3-phosphate, is part of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. Glycerate 3-phosphate is carboxylated using carbon dioxide. B. Two glycerate 3-phosphates are linked together to form one hexose phosphate. C. Glycerate 3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate. D. Five glycerate 3-phosphates are converted to three ribulose 5-phosphates.
C
Which of the following is the best definition of cell respiration? A. A process needed to use energy, in the form of ATP, to produce organic compounds B. A process used to provide oxygen to the atmosphere C. A controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds in cells D. A controlled release of energy in the production of food from organic compounds
C
A plant is exposed to increasing light intensity from very dim to bright light, while the carbon dioxide concentration and temperature are kept at an optimum level. What will happen to the rate of oxygen production? A. It will increase exponentially. B. It will remain constant. C. It will decrease to a minimum level. D. It will increase to a maximum level.
D
How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration? A. They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. B. They produce glucose. C. The energy is released as pyruvate. D. They produce ATP.
D
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis. What is the source of this oxygen inside the plant? A. Air spaces in the leaf B. Carbon dioxide C. Glucose D. Water
D
What happens to triose phosphate (TP) in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis? A. TP is reduced to glycerate-3-phosphate (GP). B. TP is linked to CO2 by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco). C. TP is oxidized by NADPH + H+. D. TP is regenerated into ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
D
Where precisely in the cell do the reactions of the Krebs cycle take place? A. In the cytoplasm B. In the space between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria C. On the surface of cristae in the mitochondria D. In the fluid matrix of the mitochondria
D
Which of the following is part of the process of cellular respiration? A. Changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity B. Exchange of gases across the surface of the alveoli C. Exchange of gases across the surface of capillaries D. Glycolysis
D
Which pair of molecules are products of aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms? A. oxygen, pyruvate B. lactate, adenosine triphosphate C. carbon dioxide, glucose D. adenosine triphosphate, carbon dioxide
D
Which process causes ADP to change to ATP? A. Hydrolysis B. Protein synthesis C. DNA replication D. Anaerobic cell respiration
D