I.C.C. Ch.1 (Why Study Intercultural Communication?), ICC. Chapter 5 (What is Culture Shock?), ICC. Chapter 4 (What Are the Keys to Understanding Cultural and Ethnic Identities?), ICC. Chapter 3 (What Are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?), ICC....

Intersectionality

Overlapping of social categories such as race, class, gender as they apply to a given individual or group. Creates interdependent systems of discrimination/disadvantage

culture

________ is a learned meaning system that consists of patterns of traditions, beliefs, values, norms, meanings, and symbols that are passed on from one generation to the next and are shared to varying degrees by interacting members of a community.

culture shock

______________ refers to a stressful transitional period when individuals move from a familiar environment into an unfamiliar one.

single-parent family

a family in which only one parent is present to care for the children

extended family

a family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household.

affective disorientation dimension of culture scock

anxiety, bewilderment, confusion, disorientation, and perplexity as well as an intense desire to be elsewhere

merger

awareness of crosscutting social identity memberships in selves and recognizing multiple groups as significant others who share some aspects of this complex, social identity self.

cross cultural empathy

being able to participate in another person's experience in your imagination; thinking it intellectually and feeling it emotionally

personal family system

emphasis on personal , individualized meanings, negotiable roles between parents, and children, emphasis on interactive discussions within family

Positional family system

emphasizes communal meanings, ascribed roles and statuses between parents and child, and family rule conformity

psychological adjustment

feelings of well- being and satisfaction during cross-cultural transitions

collectivism

giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly

co-culture

groups that are impacted by a variety of smaller specific cultures that intersect in our lives

outgroups

groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity

ingroups

groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity

pre-encounter stage

high cultural identity salience phase wherein ethnic minority group members self-concepts are influenced by values and norms of the larger culture

past-oriented time sense

honoring historic and ancestral ties plus respecting the wisdom of the elders

compartmentalization

how one social identity category serves as the primary basis of identification in a particular setting (e.g., the importance of the lawyer category in the law firm) and a gear shift occurs to another primary identity persona in a different context (e.g., being a good Latina mom at home).

personal identities

include any unique attributes that we associate with our individuated self in comparison with those of others

social identities

include cultural or ethnic membership, gender, sexual orientation, social class, religious affiliation, age, disability, or professional identity

Motivational orientation

involves the person's willingness or desire to enter into a new culture

"being-in-becoming" solution

living with an emphasis on spiritual renewal and regeneration

"being" solution

living with emotional vitality and being relationally connected with significant others

"doing" solution

means living through action based activities and emphasizing the achievement of concrete outcomes

blended family

merging of different family systems from previous marriages

Subjugation-to-nature or "yielding" value solution

nature is in control

flowing value solution

outlook on life emphasizes spiritual transformation or enlightenment

internalization-commitment stage

phase in which individuals develop a secure racial-ethnic identity that is internally defined and at the same time are able to establish genuine interpersonal contacts with members of the dominant group and other multi- racial groups

Future-oriented time-sense

planning for desirable short to medium term developments and setting out clear objectives to realize them

socioemotional goals

refers to the relational, recreational, and personal development goals during their sojourning experience

cultural identity salience

refers to the strength of affiliation one has with the larger culture

identity

reflective self-conception or self-image that we each derive from family, gender, cultural, ethnic, and individual socialization processes

ambivalence stage

sojourners experience grief, nostalgia, and pride, with a mixed sense of relief and sorrow that they are going home

hostility stage

sojourners experience major emotional upheavals

Reentry culture shock stage

sojourners face an unexpected jolt

in-sync adjustment stage

sojourners feel "at home" and experience identity security and inclusion

resocialization stage

some individuals may quietly assimilate themselves back to their old roles and behaviors without making much of a "wave" or appearing different from the rest of their peers or colleagues.

enculturation

sustained, primary socialization process of strang- ers in their original home (or natal) culture wherein they have internalized their primary cultural values

instrumental goals

task-based or business or academic goals that sojourners would like to accomplish during their stay in a foreign country

Large Power Distance Cultures

tend to accept unequal power distributions, hierarchical rights, asymmetrical role relations, and rewards and punishments based on age, rank, status, title, and seniority

behavioral flexibility

the ability to adapt and accommodate one's own behavior to people from other groups

sociocultural adjustment

the ability to fit in and execute appropriate and effective interactions in a new cultural environment

communication competence

the ability to take part in effective communication that is characterized by skills and understandings that enable communicators to exchange messages successfully

Personal expectations

the anticipatory process and predictive outcome of the upcoming situation

ethnic identity

the aspect of individuals' sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership

behavioral disorientation dimension or culture shock

the confusion stage in terms of the norms and rules that guide communication appropriateness and effectiveness.

Small power distance cultures

value equality and regard most differences based on status as unjust goes with individualistic cultures

present-oriented time-sense

valuing the here and now, especially the interpersonal relationships that are unfolding currently

fun-loving

"Lee is a fun-loving Asian American instructor of intercultural communication at a U.S. university." From the above description, Lee's personal identity is ________ .

1. Hawaii 77.3% minority population 2. California 59.9% 3. New Mexico 59.5% 4. Texas 54.7% 5. New York

TOP FIVE MOST RACIALLY/ ETHNICALLY DIVERSE STATES IN THE UNITED STATES

masculinity

A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.

femininity

A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.

Symbol

A(n) _________ is a sign, artifact, word(s), gesture, or nonverbal behavior that stands for or reflects something meaningful.

marginal

According to the cultural-ethnic identity typological model, an individual who doesn't identify with his/her own ethnic group and also doesn't identify with larger society is in which state of identity?

lower; more

According to the text, heterogeneous small groups have a ______ probability of groupthink and _______ creative problem-solving solutions than homogeneous small groups.

honeymoon

Although Aaron feels a little bewildered and lonely at times, he is very excited and curious about the new culture in which he is has just begun a temporary work assignment. He is in the _______________ stage of adjustment, according to the revised W-shape adjustment model.

instrumental

As a sojourner sent by her company, Robin would like to establish a well-run branch in a foreign company. This goal is called a(n) ___________ goal.

1. Coca-Cola Beverages 2. IBM Business services 3. Microsoft Computer software 4. Google Internet services 5. GE

TOP FIVE MOST VALUABLE GLOBAL BRANDS BY DOLLAR VALUE

norms

Cultural ________ refer to the collective expectations of what constitutes proper or improper behavior in a given interaction scene.

salience

Cultural identity ____________ refers to the strength of affiliation we have with our larger culture.

Cultural Iceberg Model

Cultural levels from top down: 1.Surface (eg pop culture) 2. Intermediate (symbols, meanings, norms) 3. Deep (traditions, beliefs, values) 4. Universal human needs

False

Cultural norms and culturally shared traditions describe the same thing.

traditions

Culturally shared _______ can include myths, legends, ceremonies, and rituals.

beliefs

Culturally shared ________ refers to a set of fundamental assumptions or worldviews that people hold dearly to their hearts without question.

ethnic identity

David is an American citizen. He has never been to Israel. He and his family celebrate their Jewish heritage and roots by involvement in a synagogue, the celebration of holidays and traditions, and learning Hebrew. David's _________________ is Jewish.

hostility

Effia feels like nothing is working out smoothly in her overseas work assignment. She had just been feeling like this new culture was exciting and refreshing, but now feels like she wants to return home. According to the revised W-shape adjustment model, which stage is Effia experiencing?

alienator

Ever since Effia returned home from her overseas work assignment, she has felt like she does not fit in. She decides to ask for another overseas assignment, where she feels like she is more alive than at home. According to the revised W-shape adjustment model, Effia is a(n) ______________.

false

Individuals who identify strongly with both their ethnic identity and the larger culture are in a marginal identity state.

ethnic; national

Johanna is Asian American and views her ______ identity as having its heritage or roots in Asia and her _________ identity as a U.S. citizen.

assimilated identity

Khalid is African American; he identifies strongly with the larger U.S. culture and identifies weakly with his ethnic heritage, traditions, and values. In the ethnic-cultural identity typological model, James is practicing which of the four options?

reentry culture shock

Mai studied abroad for a semester and returned home excited to tell her family and friends all about her experiences. Mai experienced a sharp sense of letdown as her family and friends quickly lost interest in her stories. Mai is experiencing which stage of the intercultural adjustment model?

encounter

Mariko experiences a sudden "racially shattering" experience for the first time in her class—when her classmate tells her to "go back to where you belong." She is likely at which identity stage of the racial-ethnic identity development model?

behavioral

Mieko has traveled to France for her study-abroad opportunity. She tries to figure out how to appropriately ask for help and how to invite her new acquaintance to study with her. In the ABC's of culture shock, Mieko is experiencing the ____________ dimension of disorientation.

true

T/F Culture shock can have both positive and negative implications.

false

Resocialized returnees are highly aware of changes in themselves and try to integrate new values and skills they have learned overseas to their home cultures.

False

T/F Social identity can include information such as a person's unique characteristic of being very sociable.

True

T/F The United States is increasing in both ethnic and racial diversity.

ethnocentrism

Seeing our own culture as the center of the universe and seeing other cultures as insignificant or even inferior is the definition of

humorous stage

Sojourners learn to laugh at their cultural faux pas and start to realize that there are pros and cons in each culture

Acculturation

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

karma

The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life.

acculturation

The degree of identity change that occurs when individuals move from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one describes what process?

cultural distance

The difference between two cultures along identifiable dimensions such as individualism.

immersion/emersion stage

The stage or status in which one involves oneself completely within one's cultural group to the exclusion of the majority group. One emerges from this stage because one cannot meet all of one's needs if society is truly dominated by the majority group

encounter stage of minority identity development

This stage or status in which one is confronted with the realities of racism or other forms of the devaluation of one's cultural group

A sense of identity loss

Which of the following is involved in culture shock? Enculturation, A sense of identity stability, Individualism

The US Latino/a population

Which population is projected to more than double by the year 2050?

independent self-construal

a self-concept that emphasizes what makes the self different and sets it apart from others

Individualism

a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control.

culture shock

a stress reaction involving difficulties coping with the requirements of life in a new country

honeymoon stage of culture shock

a. new arrivals are fascinated by local sights, pleasant hospitality, and interesting habits

A, B, Cs of culture shock

affectively, behaviorally, cognitively

traditional family

consists of a husband-wife, father-mother pair with a child or children, a father working outside the home, and a homemaker-mother

weak uncertainty avoidance

cultures encourage risk-taking and conflict approaching modes

strong uncertainty avoidance

cultures prefer clear procedures and conflict-avoidance behaviors

cultural identity

the emotional significance that we attach to our sense of belonging or affiliation with the larger culture

values

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live

dominance

the individual adopts one major social identity (e.g., lawyer) and other social membership categories (e.g., being female and being Latina) are subordinated or embedded underneath the dominant professional role identity category of being a "lawyer."

cognitive disorientation dimension of culture shock

the lack of cultural interpretive competence to explain many of the "bizarre" behaviors that are occurring in their unfamiliar cultural settings

intercultural adjustment

the short-term and medium-term adaptive process of sojourners in their overseas assignments