Identifying potential Hazards
Which of the following may reduce stress on pressure containers?
Cooling
What materials are carried in Dewar flasks?
Cryogenic materials
Which state of matter is potentially the most dangerous for emergency responders?
Gases
What incident level requires United Command?
Level 3
What is the initial isolation zone for a pressure tank car involved in a car?
One mile (1.6 km)
Which of the following are common causes of breaches of solids-holding containers
Punctures, splits, and tears
According to the risk-based response principles, activities that present a significant risk to the safety of members:
Shall be limited to situations where there is a potential to save endangered lives
Which of the following statements about container types and behavior are true?
Some basic generalizations may be made about a hazmat incident hose don't the type(s) of container involved
Which of the following is the sequence of stages in a hazardous materials release?
Stress, breach, release, dispersion/engulf, exposure/contact, harm
Which resource defines the level of incident?
The local emergency response plan (LERP)
Which physical property can be viewed as the measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate?
Vapor pressure
For an IC the ability to make decisions and solve problems effectively is a necessary skill; using ___ can simplify the problem-solving process.
a response model
Products stored in ton containers are often:
highly toxic and/or corrosive
Which of the following is the packaging type used for materials with the greatest level of radioactive hazard?
Type C
What is the first step in mitigating or solving any hazmat incidents?
Understanding the problem
what incident level may require an evacuation extending across jurisdictional boundaries?
Level 3
The order of importance of things to rescue first in the fire service
Life, environment, and property
All dispersion patterns can be associated with ____ depending on the product and container
Liquids
Which of the following products are likely to be stored in bulk facility pressure tanks? (Select all that apply)
1. Helium 2. Liquid Oxygen (LOX) 3. VINYL CHLORIDE 4. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES (LPG)
Which of the following statements about radioactivity are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Exposure to radiation contaminates a person, making them radioactive 2. The body is better equipped to handle an acute dose of radiation than a chronic dose 3. ONE BASIC STRATEGY TO PROTECT RESPONDERS FROM UNNECESSARY EXPOSURES TO RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS USES TIME, DISTANCE, AND SHIELDING 4. THE CHANCES OF ENCOUNTERING X-RAYS AT A HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENT ARE REMOTE.
Which of the following materials are typically transported in pressure tank cars (Select all that apply)
1. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND LIQUEFIED COMPRESSED GASES 2. oxidizers and organic peroxides 3. FLAMMABLE, NONFLAMMABLE, AND POISONOUS GASES 4. Argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
What types of materials are carried in intermediate bulk containers (IBCs)? (Select all that apply)
1. Gases 2. SOLIDS 3. LIQUIDS 4. Vapors
Which of the following statements about hazard classes are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. A CLASS 9 MISCELLANEOUS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MAY BE A MATERIAL THAT HAVE AN ANESTHETIC, NOXIOUS, OR THERE SIMILAR PROPERTY THAT COULD CAUSE DISTRACTION OR DISCOMFORT TO CREW MEMBERS DURING TRANSPORTATION 2. CLASS 8: CORROSIVES CAN ALSO CAUSE A FIRE OR AN EXPLOSION IF THEY COME IN CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIALS BECAUSE THEIR CORROSIVE ACTIONS CAN GENERATE ENOUGH HEAT TO START A FIRE 3. Responders should focus solely on the corrosive properties when considering appropriate actions at incidents involving Class 8: Corrosives 4. Miscellaneous dangerous goods will primarily have toxic and asphyxiation hazards
Which of the following statements about physical properties are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. A SUBSTANCE'S SOLUBILITY AFFECTS WHETHER IT MIXES IN WATER 2. highly soluble materials will sink or float (without dissolving) according to their specific gravities 3. MOST (BUT NOT ALL) FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS HAVE SPECIFIC GRAVITIES LESS THAN ONE AND WILL FLOAT ON WATER 4. two liquids or gases are miscible if they do not readily dissolve into each other.
Which of the following provide clues to the present of underground storage tanks? (Select all that apply)
1. Bolted manways 2. OCCUPANCY TYPE 3. FILL AND VENT CONNECTIONS 4. Box-like loading and unloading stations
Which of the following statements about hazard classes are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Class 7 Radioactive 1, 2, and 3 labels must always contain the following additional information - Quantity of material, and shielding level 2. Class 6: Infectious Substances are typically shipped in large overwrap containers with prominent placards 3. WITHOUT SPECIALIZED MONITORING AND DETECTION EQUIPMENT, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DETERMINE IF A CLASS 7: RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS CONTAINER IS ACTUALLY EMITTING RADIATION 4. CLASS 6: POISONS ARE KNOWN TO BE TOXIC TO HUMANS; CLASS 6: POISON INHALATION HAZARDS ARE TOXIC VAPORS THAT CAN BE LETHAL IF INHALED
Which of the following statements about stress and breaching are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Containers holding solids are inherently subject to internal stress 2. CONTAINER STRESS IS CAUSED BY THERMAL ENERGY, CHEMICAL ENERGY, AND MECHANICAL ENERGY 3. RUNAWAY LINEAR CRACKING IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH BLEVES 4. Disintegration occurs when foreign objects penetrate through a container.
Which of the following sources may be used to verify information about hazardous materials, and to confirm handling procedures, product identity, and appropriate response information? (Select all that apply)
1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AGENCIES 2. MATERIAL MANUFACTURERS 3. emergency dispatch 4. SHIPPERS
Which of the following statements about explosives are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. EXPLOSIVES MAY SELF-CONTAMINATE AS THEY AGE, WHICH INCREASES THEIR SENSITIVITY AND INSTABILITY 2. THE DIVISION NUMBER LISTED ON AN EXPLOSIVE PLACARD ASSIGNS THE LEVEL OF EXPLOSION HAZARD TO THE PRODUCT 3. Shrapnel and fragmentation are the primary reasons for injuries and damage due to explosion 4. When a blast occurs at or near ground level, the incendiary thermal effect creates a ground shock or crater
What are three elements of the General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model, also know as the General Emergency Behavior Model (GEBMO)? (Select all that apply)
1. EXPOSURE OR POTENTIAL EXPOSURE TO PEOPLE, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND/OR PROPERTY 2. MATERIAL(S) PRESENTING HAZARDS TO PEOPLE, THE ENVIRONMENT, OR PROPERTY 3. CONTAINER(S) HAVE FAILED OR HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO FAIL 4. Contact(s) resulting in short-term or long-term harm
Which of the following are elements to be included in the Incident Action Plan (IAP)? (Select all that apply)
1. HAZARD STATEMENT 2. material disposal agency 3. Time of incident termination 4. STATUS OF INJURIES
Which of the following statements about hazard classes are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. IF CLASS 5:ORGANIC PEROXIDES REACH THE SELF-ACCELERATING DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE (SADT), THEY UNDERGO A CHEMICAL CHANGE AND MAY VIOLENTLY RELEASE FROM THEIR PACKAGING. 2. THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS OF CLASS 2: GASES INCLUDE ENERGY, TOXICITY (INCLUDING ASPHYXIATION), AND CORROSIVITY 3. INCIDENTS INVOLVING CLASS 4: FLAMMABLE SOLIDS, SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE, AND DANGEROUS WHEN WET MATERIAL CAN BE DIFFICULT TO MANAGE; THE TYPICAL RESPONSE MAY MAKE THE SITUATION WORSE 4. Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids require extreme heat and a catalyst before they ignite and burn
When should emergency decontamination be considered? (Select all that apply)
1. IF PRODUCT IS VISIBLE ON THE SKIN OR CLOTHING OF RESPONDERS OR THE PUBLIC 2. IF RESPONDERS OR THE PUBLIC EXHIBIT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF EXPOSURE 3. If actions must be postponed because specialized resources are not yet available 4. If nonintervention strategies are being used, and personnel have withdrawn
Which of the following statements about liquids are true? (Select all that apply)
1. If a liquid has no color and/or little or no odor, it may be impossible to detect without specialized detection equipment. 2.LIQUIDS WILL FLOW OR POOL ACCORDING TO SURFACE CONTOURS AND TOPOGRAPHY 3.LIQUIDS MAY MOSE UNIQUE CHALLENGES TO RESPONDERS BECAUSE THEY MAY TAKE ON THE ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A GAS BY EMITTING VAPORS. 4. LIQUIDS TYPICALLY DO NOT TRAVEL AS FAR AS GASES UNLESS THEY SPILL INTO A PATH OR CHANNEL
Which of following statements about reactivity are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. MATERIALS THAT MAY UNDERGO VIOLENT POLYMERIZATION IF SUBJECTED TO HEAT OR CONTAMINATION ARE DESIGNATED WITH A P IN THE BLUE AND YELLOW SECTIONS OF THE ERG 2. INHIBITORS ADDED TO PRODUCTS THAT EASILY POLYMERIZE IN ORDER TO CONTROL OR PREVENT AN UNDESIRED REACTION MAY BE EXHAUSTED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME 3. OXIDATION-REDUCTION (REDOX) REACTIONS CAN BE EXTREMELY VIOLENT AND DANGEROUS BECAUSE THEY RELEASE A TREMENDOUS AMOUNT OF ENERGY 4. Reactions occur spontaneously, requiring only the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent to be in close proximity to one another.
Which of the following statements about low pressure intermodal tanks are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. MOST COMMONLY, IM 102 PROBABLY TANKS TRANSPORT NON REGULATED MATERIALS (THOSE NOT SPECIFICALLY COVER BY REGULATIONS) SUCH AS FOOD COMMODITIES 2. im 101 portably tanks are built to the same specifications as cryogenic tank containers 3. LOW PRESSURE INTERMODAL TANKS MAY HAVE PRESSURES AS HIGH AS 100 PSI (689 KPA) 4. low pressure intermodal tanks may not store materials above atmospheric pressure
Which of the following statements about non pressure/atmospheric storage tanks are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Non-pressure/atmospheric tanks have pressures of approximately 15 psi (103 kPa) 2.THE ROOF ON AN OPEN TOP FLOATING ROOF TANK ELIMINATES THE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS VAPOR SPACE FOUNDING OTHER TANK TYPES 3. INTERIORS OF BULK NON PRESSURE/ ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS SHOULD BE TREATED AS CONFINED SPACES 4. MANY COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE ATMOSPHERIC UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS HAVE BEEN ABANDONED, PRESENTING MAJOR PROBLEMS TO MANY COMMUNITIES
When released, contents of cryogenic tank trucks will: (Select all that apply)
1. POOL CLOSE TO THE GROUND 2. corrode tools and equipment 3. BE VISIBLE AS A FOG OR CLOUD 4. DISPLACE OXYGEN
Which of the following statements about physical properties are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Physical properties are the characteristics of a material involving the chemistry or chemical nature of the material 2.Physical properties include flash point, autoignition temperature, and reactivity 3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIBE HOW A MATERIAL BEHAVES IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL INFLUENCES SUCH AS TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE 4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DESCRIBE HOW A MATERIAL BEHAVES WHEN MIXED WITH, OR COMPARED TO, ANOTHER MATERIAL
Which of the following statements about weather conditions effect on hazardous materials incidents are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. RAIN OR HIGH HUMIDITY MAY CAUSE WATER-REACTIVE MATERIALS TO BURN OR EXPLODE 2. Bright sunlight will break down most hydrocarbon fuels 3. HOT TEMPERATURES MAY CAUSE LIQUIDS TO EVAPORATE MORE RAPIDLY 4. At night, winds tend to be stronger, so gases and vapors will travel greater distances
Which of the following determine PPE requirements? (Select all that apply)
1. RESPONDER'S MISSION/ASSIGNMENT 2. CIRCUMSTANCES AT THE INCIDENT 3. responder's level of training 4. PRODUCT(S) INVOLVED
Which of the following statements about dispersion patterns of hazardous materials are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. RESPONDERS MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR AN IRREGULAR DISPERSION PATTERN 2. Dispersion of a plume (generally composed of gases and vapors) is affected by atmospheric pressure and type of container breach 3. Gases and vapors (especially those with a vapor density less than 1) will create pool and stream patterns 4. A HEMISPHERIC RELEASE GENERALLY RESULTS FROM A RAPID RELEASE OF ENERGY
In which of the following circumstances would the nonintervention mode be selected? (Select all that apply)
1. Responders have the training and equipment necessary to confine the incident to the area of origin 2. EXPLOSIONS ARE IMMINENT 3. MITIGATION IS FAILING OR OTHERWISE IMPOSSIBLE 4. Highly trained hazardous materials personnel are available to take direct action
Which of the following statements about gases are true? (Select all that apply)
1. Responders may be able to predict the paths that released gases will most likely follow 2. GASES ARE DIFFICULT (IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE) TO CONTAIN FOR MITIGATION PURPOSES 3. gases have an undefined shape and a fixed volume 4. IF A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IS A GAS, IT WILL POTENTIALLY PRESENT A BREATHING/INHALATION HAZARD; SOME GASES MAY ALSO PRESENT A CONTACT HAZARD
Which statement about selecting modes of operation are correct?(Select all that apply)
1. SELECTION OF THE STRATEGIC MODE IS BASED ON THE RISK TO RESPONDERS, THEIR LEVEL OF TRAINING, AND THE BALANCE BETWEEN THE RESOURCES REQUIRED AND THOSE THAT ARE AVAILABLE. 2. Non intervention provides confinement of the hazard to a given area by performing diking, damming, or diverting actions (actually is defensive actions) 3. WHEN SELECTING A MODE OF OPERATION, THE SAFETY OF FIRST RESPONDERS IS HE UTMOST CONSIDERATION 4. The mode of operation will remain constant throughout the Course of an incident ( can change)
Which of the following statements about toxicity and biological hazards are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. SOME BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS ARE CARRIED IN BODY FLUIDS AND ARE TRANSMITTED BY CONTACT WITH FLUIDS 2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE CAUSES BY THE REPRODUCTION AND SPREAD OF MICROORGANISMS (PATHOGENS) IN THE BODY 3. development of toxic effects will be almost immediate and quickly observed by the person exposed 4. ASPHYXIANTS EITHER DILUTE/DISPLACE OXYGEN OR PROHIBIT THE BODY'S CELLS FROM USING OXYGEN
What hazards are presented by release from bulk storage cryogenic liquid tanks? (Select all that apply)
1. SOME TYPES OF CRYOGENIC LEAKS WILL CREATE AN EXPLOSIVE ENVIRONMENT 2. Most types of cryogenic containers will have dangerous atmospheres when empty. 3. Some types of cryogenic leaks can lead to catastrophic failure and BLEVE 4. MOST TYPES OF CRYOGENIC LEAKS WILL DISPLACE OXYGEN
Which of the following statements about solids are true? (Select all that apply)
1. Solid incidents typically require more complicated mitigation and protective actions than gas and liquid incidents 2. SOLIDS ARE THE LEAST MOBILE OF THE THREE STATES OF MATTER 3. SOLIDS MAY BE AN ENTRAPMENT HAZARD IN THE FORM OF LOOS SOLIDS CONFINED TO LARGE CONTAINERS 4. SOLIDS SUCH AS DRY ICE, ELEMENTAL IODINE AND HAPHTHALENE MAY SUBLIMATE/SUBLIME (TRANSITION DIRECTLY FORM A SOLID TO A GAS
Which of the following statements about flammability are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. THE LEL OR LOWER FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSIVE) LIMIT (LFL) OF A VAPOR OR GAS IS THE LOWEST CONCENTRATION THAT WILL PRODUCE A FLASH OF FIRE WHEN AN IGNITION SOURCE IS PRESENT 2. Flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or volatile substance gives off enough vapors to support continuous burning. 3. Fuels begin to emit vapors at temperatures at or above the flash point 4. ALL FLAMMABLE MATERIALS HAVE AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURES, AND THESE ARE CONSIDERABLY HIGHER THAN THE FLASH AND FIRE POINTS.
Which of the following statements about physical properties are correct? (Select all that apply)
1. Usually, the colder a liquid, the thinner or more fluid it becomes 2. AN UNEXPECTED ODOR MAY BE A WARNING THAT A SUBSTANCE HAS ESCAPED FROM ITS CONTAINER 3. THE PERSISTENCE OF A CHEMICAL IS ITS ABILITY TO REMAIN IN THE ENVIRONMENT 4. A significant difference in color of a material may be expected due to differences in manufacturing processes.
Which of the following statements about physical properties are correct? (select all that apply)
1. VAPOR DENSITY IS THE WEIGHT OF A GIVEN VOLUME OF PURE VAPOR OR GAS COMPARED TO THE WEIGHT OF AN EQUAL 2. COOLING A CONTAINER CAN REDUCE THE VAPOR PRESSURE 3. boiling point is the temperature at which a solid changes directly to a gas 4. vapor density varies with the pressure of the vapor or gas and with the weather conditions.
Which of the following are potential ingestion sources that may exist at the scene of a hazardous materials incident or in a flammable/explosive atmosphere?(Select all that apply)
1. Zippers or hook-and-loop fasteners 2. OPERATIONS A RADIO 3. STATIC ELECTRICITY 4. CAMARAS / CELLULAR PHONES
The combination of insulation and vacuum protects the contents of cryogenic liquid tank cars form ambient temperatures for only:
30 days
CHEMTRAC can be reached directly, 24 hours a day, by calling? and what should yo tell them to get a valued result
800-424-9300/ Name and phone number, Shipper or Manufacturer's name, Shipping paper information, type of incident and conditions
What are the specific tactics that are used to accomplish response objectives?
Action options
How do ton containers typically release their contents?
As gases or vapors
When should the first responders take steps to identify hazardous materials and contact additional resources or additional technical information
As soon as they identify the incident and a Hazmat Incident
Both acids and bases destroy living tissue; which causes a greasy or slick feeling of the skin as a sign of exposure?
Bases
Which of following non bulk packages carry materials under pressure?
Cyliners
IN which mode of operation do responders seek to confine the emergency to a given area without directly contacting the hazardous materials involved.
Defensive
While a strong size-up helps with prediction, what will help protect responders?
Detection and monitoring equipment
Two types of ways to cut of flow into a drain are?
Dike and a
The three types of defensive confinements of a hazard are?
Diking, damming, or diverting actions
What is the priority at incidents involving low pressure storage tanks?
Eliminating ignition sources
What incident level may require the services of a formal hazmat response team, but not necessarily specialists from government agencies?
Level 2
Leaks from pressure intermodal tanks frequently involve:
Fittings
The emergency response guidebook establishes the largest initial isolation distance -330 feet (100m) - for which state of matter? 75 (25) for solids and liquids are 150 feet (50m)
Gases
Where can responders find contact information for emergency response centers in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Columbia
In the white pages in both the front and the back of the ERG
What incident level is within the capabilities of the fire or emergency services organization or other first responders having jurisdiction?
Level 1
Which mode of operation is likely beyond the scope of responsibilities for first responders and are conducted by more highly trained hazardous materials personnel?
Offensive
Which mode of operation may result in contact with the material and therefore require responders to wear appropriate chemical-protective clothing and respiratory protection.
Offensive
Where are reporting marking found on intermodal tanks and containers?
On the right-hand side as you face the tank from either the sides or the ends
What exposures should be considered in the hazard and risk assessment at a hazardous materials incident?
People, environment, and property
Which identifies each tank car, and may be used to obtain information about the car's contents from the railroad's computer, the shipper, CHEMTREC, CANUTEC, or SETIQ?
Reporting marks
What are the broad statements of what must be done to resolve an incident?
Response objectives
What is the final stage of problem-solving response models, including APIE?
Review or evaluation
Action planning starts with identifying the response objective (strategy) ; once the strategy has been defined, the Command staff needs to select the ___ to achieve the objective.
action options (tactics)
In general, a product's transportation hazard class is assigned based on:
its most dangerous chemical and/or physical properties
