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CH8

A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of a condition known as hyponatremia. Correct! True False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Both magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Correct! True False Question 3 1 / 1 pts In the DASH-Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit? 3,000 milligrams 2,500 milligrams Correct! 1,500 milligrams 900 milligrams Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which mineral may play a role in lowering high blood pressure? calcium magnesium potassium Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine? Correct! sulfur chromium selenium molybdenum Question 6 1 / 1 pts A low-calcium diet may increase your risk of obesity. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts Your entire skeleton is replaced with new bone about every Correct! 10 years. year. 5 years. 20 years. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium. Correct! True False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Most of the sodium in the typical American diet is from processed foods. Correct! True False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is correct regarding potassium? Deficiency can occur due to vomiting or diarrhea. Low potassium can cause muscle weakness. High-protein, low-vegetable/fruit diets may cause potassium deficiency. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin? chromium Correct! copper selenium iodine Question 12 1 / 1 pts Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood. Correct! True False Question 13 1 / 1 pts The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for Determine Amount of Sodium Helpful. Correct! Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Dietary Advancements to Suppress Hyponatremia. Discussions of Allowable Sodium in Hospitals. Question 14 1 / 1 pts Jill is planning on running the Boston Marathon and wants to avoid hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia? a severe form of dehydration a problem due to eating too much food during a race Correct! a condition of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids a condition of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which calcium supplement may contain lead and other toxic metals? calcium citrate Correct! oyster shell calcium calcium carbonate All these answers are correct. Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a major mineral? fluoride Correct! potassium iron zinc Question 17 1 / 1 pts Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that severely reduces iron absorption. True Correct! False Question 18 1 / 1 pts The average healthy adult is approximately ________ percent water. 40 50 Correct! 60 70 Question 19 1 / 1 pts A deficiency of which mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world? chromium selenium calcium Correct! iron Question 20 1 / 1 pts Drinking orange juice with poultry will decrease the bioavailability of the iron in the poultry. True Correct! False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person is in his or her teens. Correct! twenties. thirties. fifties. Question 22 1 / 1 pts Eating meat with vegetables will increase the absorption of the nonheme iron from the vegetables. Correct! True False Question 23 1 / 1 pts Which of the following foods contain(s) nonheme iron? Correct! beans fish turkey steak Question 24 1 / 1 pts In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80. True Correct! False Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which mineral, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States? selenium iodine Correct! fluoride calcium Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells? iodine Correct! chromium fluoride zinc Question 27 1 / 1 pts The diagnosis of osteopenia indicates a lower bone density than a diagnosis of osteoporosis. True Correct! False Question 28 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is CORRECT about water within the human body? Water acts as a solvent within the body. Water is a main component of the blood. Water is used to regulate body temperature. Correct! All these statements are correct. Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which two minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite? Correct! phosphorus and calcium zinc and iron potassium and calcium sulfur and magnesium Question 30 1 / 1 pts The two major electrolytes outside your cells and in your blood are sulfur and magnesium. zinc and iron. Correct! sodium and chloride. potassium and magnesium. Question 31 1 / 1 pts Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium. Correct! True False Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C? Correct! nonheme iron chromium phosphorous manganese Question 33 1 / 1 pts Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium. Correct! True False Question 34 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct regarding selenium/selenoproteins? Correct! They are proven protection against colon cancer. The amount of selenium in foods depends upon the soil where the plants were grown and animals grazed. Selenium is necessary for the regulation of thyroid hormones. Selenium plays an antioxidant role. Question 35 1 / 1 pts Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium-poor soil. Correct! True False Question 36 0 / 1 pts Which of the following may help reduce blood pressure? Correct Answer losing excess weight drinking plenty of fluids following a high-protein diet You Answered All these answers are correct. Question 37 1 / 1 pts A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease? chloride sodium Correct! manganese selenium Question 38 1 / 1 pts Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers. Correct! True False Question 39 1 / 1 pts Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals. Correct! True False Question 40 1 / 1 pts Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D. True Correct! False Question 41 1 / 1 pts Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron? vitamin C Correct! phytates oxalates protein from animal foods Question 42 1 / 1 pts Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lean or lower body weight. True Correct! False Question 43 1 / 1 pts A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following? Correct! iodine chromium phosphorous manganese Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which mineral is found in bleach as well as stomach acid (though in two different forms)? zinc phosphorus magnesium Correct! chlorine Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a function of zinc? It reduces the risk of age-related macular degeneration. It is needed for wound healing. Correct! It lowers blood pressure. It is important for healthy taste buds. Question 46 1 / 1 pts Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Cretinism can occur in individuals deficient in iodine. Which of the following is a symptom of this condition? abnormal sexual development mental retardation dwarfism Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 48 1 / 1 pts In the body, about two-thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin? molybdenum zinc Correct! iron chromium Question 49 1 / 1 pts Over-consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones. True Correct! False Question 50 1 / 1 pts Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes supplements with too much sodium. Correct! potassium. zinc. calcium.

CH2

All of the following are found on a food label EXCEPT trans fat. Correct Answer polyunsaturated fat. sugars. You Answered dietary fiber. Question 2 1 / 1 pts The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are issued by the Food and Drug Administration. True Correct! False Question 3 0 / 1 pts The DRIs are listed on the nutrition facts panel to help consumers make wise choices. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 4 1 / 1 pts A health claim linking dietary fat and cancer is an example of Correct! an authorized health claim. a qualified health claim. a health claim based on authoritative statements. a nutrient content claim. Question 5 1 / 1 pts A "reduced fat" cookie must have at least 25 percent less fat per serving than the original type. Correct! True False Question 6 1 / 1 pts Americans typically don't eat enough fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts Whole milk is more nutrient dense than skim milk. True Correct! False Question 8 1 / 1 pts According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what percentage of your daily calories should be provided by fat? Correct! 20 to 35 percent 45 to 65 percent 10 to 35 percent 5 to 20 percent Question 9 1 / 1 pts The term fat-free on a food label is an example of a structure/function claim. Correct! a nutrient content claim. an authorized health claim. a qualified health claim. Question 10 1 / 1 pts Fat should comprise 20 to 35 percent of your daily calories. Correct! True False Question 11 1 / 1 pts A food labeled "calorie free" must have zero calories. True Correct! False Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT required on a standard food label? the name and address of the manufacturer the net weight a list of ingredients Correct! a nutrient content claim Question 13 1 / 1 pts Studies show that if you give people larger portions of food, they eat more at that meal. Correct! True False Question 14 1 / 1 pts According to MyPlate, which food group has the widest color band, indicating it should provide the bulk of your diet? fruits vegetables meat and beans Correct! grains Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following does NOT need to be on a food label? Correct! vitamin D vitamin C calcium iron Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following do NOT have an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)? fats Correct! vitamins carbohydrates proteins Question 17 1 / 1 pts According to MyPlate, how many servings from the grain group should a moderately active female who needs 2,000 calories daily consume? 3 4 5 Correct! 6 Question 18 1 / 1 pts According to MyPlate, which of these foods would be considered low in nutrient density? carrots Correct! fruit drinks nonfat yogurt lean meat Question 19 0 / 1 pts A food is considered high in a nutrient if it provides 5 percent or more of the Daily Value. 10 percent or more of the Daily Value. You Answered 15 percent or more of the Daily Value. Correct Answer 20 percent or more of the Daily Value. Question 20 1 / 1 pts All foods with a health claim can also be marketed as functional foods. Correct! True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts MyPlate is a food guidance system that illustrates the recommendations in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and what you should consume to meet Correct! the Dietary Reference Intakes. the Healthy People 2020 goals. the DASH diet. Daily Values. Question 22 1 / 1 pts The average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a similar age and gender group is known as the Correct! Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Adequate Intake (AI). Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Question 23 1 / 1 pts A soup labeled "low sodium" would have less sodium than a food labeled "less sodium." Correct! True False Question 24 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a MyPlate tip for making food choices? Vary your veggies. Make half your grains whole. Correct! Move away from milk. Go lean with protein. Question 25 1 / 1 pts If one cup of reduced-fat milk provides 8 percent of your Daily Value for fat, this means that 8 percent of the calories in the milk are from fat. 8 percent of the calories in the milk are from saturated fat. Correct! the cup of milk provides 8 percent of the total fat allowed in the day. the cup of milk provides 8 percent of the total calories allowed in the day. Question 26 1 / 1 pts The Daily Value for protein is not listed on most labels. Correct! True False Question 27 1 / 1 pts A phytochemical is found in plant-based foods, and a zoochemical is found in animal-based foods. Correct! True False Question 28 1 / 1 pts The definitions for the terms "lean" and "extra lean" are based only on the total fat content of the product. True Correct! False Question 29 1 / 1 pts According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, how much time should you spend exercising? Correct! 30 minutes every day 30 minutes three times per week 60 minutes four times per week 90 minutes once per week Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a structure/function claim? Correct! The soluble fiber in beans can help you lower your cholesterol. Calcium builds strong bones. Fiber maintains regularity. Antioxidants help support a healthy immune system. Question 31 1 / 1 pts The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without harm in a similar age and group of individuals is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Adequate Intake (AI). Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Correct! Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Question 32 1 / 1 pts When estimating portion size, a woman's fist is about a quarter cup of pasta. half a cup of pasta. Correct! one cup of pasta. two cups of pasta. Question 33 1 / 1 pts A food label claims that the food is a "good source of vitamin C." This means that the food provides 50 percent of the Daily Value for vitamin C. provides more than 20 percent of the Daily Value for vitamin C. Correct! provides 10 to 19 percent of the Daily Value for vitamin C. has vitamin C in it, but the amount is undetermined. Question 34 1 / 1 pts The food guidance systems from Great Britain, Korea, Portugal, and Puerto Rico all recommend a plant-based diet with some lean meats, poultry, and fish. Correct! True False Question 35 1 / 1 pts The Daily Values (DVs) on the food label are based on a 1,500-calorie diet in order to discourage obesity. True Correct! False Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which statement about alcohol consumption is FALSE? A woman of childbearing age who may become pregnant should avoid alcohol. A person taking medication that can interact with alcohol should avoid alcohol. Consuming alcohol in moderation may be heart-healthy for some individuals Correct! A lactating woman should limit alcohol intake to two servings per day. Question 37 1 / 1 pts The claim "calcium builds strong bones" is an example of a health claim. True Correct! False Question 38 1 / 1 pts A food labeled "low in calories" has fewer calories than a food labeled "reduced calories." Correct! True False Question 39 1 / 1 pts According to MyPlate, how many cups of low-fat milk, or its equivalent, should be consumed daily for all calorie levels? 2 Correct! 3 4 5 Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which of the following are reference levels used only on food labels? Dietary Reference Intakes Estimated Average Requirements Correct! Daily Values Recommended Dietary Allowances Question 41 1 / 1 pts According to MyPlate, how many servings from the vegetable group should a moderately active female who needs 2,000 calories daily consume? 1 Correct! 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 Question 42 1 / 1 pts A qualified health claim is less well-established than an authorized health claim. Correct! True False Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which of the following was developed out of concern over the incidence of overnutrition among Americans? Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Correct! Dietary Guidelines for Americans Estimated Average Requirement Question 44 1 / 1 pts In what order are ingredients listed on a food label? alphabetical random liquids first, then solids Correct! descending order by weight Question 45 1 / 1 pts A person who is overnourished can also be malnourished. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts A single serving of a functional food is enough to gain the beneficial effect of the food compound. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT the preferred way of preparing meat and poultry? broil bake Correct! fry grill Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which of the following types of health claim is based on evidence that is still emerging? authorized health claim Correct! qualified health claim health claim based on authoritative statements structural/functional claim Question 49 1 / 1 pts Which of the following compounds found in tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer? Correct! lycopene probiotics beta-glucan anthocyanins Question 50 1 / 1 pts According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what percentage of your daily calories should be provided by carbohydrates? 20 to 35 percent Correct! 45 to 65 percent 10 to 35 percent 5 to 20 percent

CH11

Dietary fat recommendations for active people are greater than for the average adult population. True Correct! False Question 2 1 / 1 pts During the first few minutes of exercise, energy production almost always occurs under anaerobic conditions. Correct! True False Question 3 1 / 1 pts To increase muscle strength, you should perform a ________ number of repetitions using ________ weights. Correct! low; heavy high; light low; light high; heavy Question 4 1 / 1 pts When glucose is broken down at a very high rate, the muscles produce a by-product called ethanol. True Correct! False Question 5 1 / 1 pts Research has shown that the amount of glycogen that muscles can hold is not affected by training. True Correct! False Question 6 1 / 1 pts RPE, or the rate of perceived exertion, is a measure of the duration of exercise. frequency of exercise. type of exercise. Correct! intensity of exercise. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Where does the body store glycogen? liver and pancreas gallbladder and appendix brain and stomach Correct! liver and muscles Question 8 1 / 1 pts All of the following are correct about sports drinks EXCEPT that Correct! they promote dental health. they contain about 60 calories per cup. they are appropriate when activity lasts longer than 60 minutes. they promote rehydration because they taste good. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Amino acids cannot be broken down to provide energy. True Correct! False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Consuming a healthy diet is not an important component of physical fitness. True Correct! False Question 11 1 / 1 pts The benefits of physical activity include all of the following EXCEPT the reduced risk of chronic diseases. improved sleep. an improved immune system. Correct! decreased HDL. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Caffeine is a substance banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) when it is consumed in high amounts. Correct! True False Question 13 1 / 1 pts Typically, it takes about ________ minutes of aerobic exercise for oxidation of fat for energy to occur. 3 to 5 Correct! 15 to 20 25 to 35 45 Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following roles does calcium play in the body? blood clotting muscle contraction hormone activity Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which nutrients contribute most of the energy needed for physical activity? Correct! fat and carbohydrate protein and fat carbohydrate and vitamins vitamins and protein Question 16 1 / 1 pts Sue wants to maintain her weight, and her friend Terri tells her that the best way to do this is to participate in approximately ________ minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity on ________ days of the week. 20; 3 40; 4 Correct! 60; most 30; 7 Question 17 1 / 1 pts A sign of heat stroke is skin that is red, hot, and dry, with no sweating. Correct! True False Question 18 1 / 1 pts The main nutrient needed to promote muscle growth and recovery is fat. Correct! protein. carbohydrate. vitamins. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Once your muscles and liver have stored all the glycogen possible, any excess glucose will be stored in the form of protein. Correct! fat. insulin. starch. Question 20 1 / 1 pts In developing a physical fitness program, it is very important to ensure that the activities are enjoyable. Correct! True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Endurance training increases your body's utilization of fat for energy. Correct! True False Question 22 1 / 1 pts The risk of which of the following is/are generally NOT lowered by physical activity? Correct! pancreatic cancer cardiovascular disease diabetes colds and other infectious diseases Question 23 1 / 1 pts Whey protein is the preferred protein source to consume after exercise because it tastes good. it is found in vegetables and they are healthy to eat. Correct! it contains all the essential amino acids. it is sold in health food stores and is readily available. Question 24 1 / 1 pts The best way to improve flexibility is to lift light weights. Correct! stretch. run. lift heavy weights. Question 25 1 / 1 pts The main energy source during exercise of low to moderate intensity is Correct! fat. protein. glucose. ADP. Question 26 1 / 1 pts A strategy that some athletes use to build up muscle glycogen stores is known as fat loading. protein loading. creatine loading. Correct! carbohydrate loading. Question 27 1 / 1 pts The range of motion around a joint is known as muscle endurance. cardiorespiratory endurance. Correct! flexibility. muscle strength. Question 28 1 / 1 pts A preexercise meal should contain 1 to 4.5 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight. Correct! True False Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is correct about erythropoietin? It is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Correct! It stimulates the formation of red blood cells. It is approved by most athletic organizations. It is found in most sports bars and shakes. Question 30 1 / 1 pts The conditioning or training of muscles decreases their ability to store glycogen. Correct! increases their ability to store glycogen. decreases their ability to store fat. increases their ability to store lactate. Question 31 1 / 1 pts Endurance athletes are required to consume ________ grams of protein per kilogram body weight. 0.8 to 1.0 Correct! 1.2 to 1.4 1.6 to 1.8 2.0 to 2.2 Question 32 1 / 1 pts Taking vitamin and mineral supplements is important to enhance athletic performance. True Correct! False Question 33 1 / 1 pts Which type of foods should generally be avoided several hours before exercise? high-protein foods high-carbohydrate foods Correct! high-fat foods high-water foods Question 34 1 / 1 pts Side effects of anabolic steroids include shrinkage of testicles in men. severe acne. liver cancer. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 35 1 / 1 pts Dietary supplements are strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and are safe when taken as directed. True Correct! False Question 36 1 / 1 pts Why is it important to have rest periods between sets of an exercise or workout? in order to ensure breakdown of muscle protein in order to free up time to work on other activities Correct! in order to prevent the risk of muscle strain and injury in order to measure one's heart rate Question 37 1 / 1 pts Muscle strength is the same thing as muscle endurance. True Correct! False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Drinking beer after a workout is a good way to rehydrate. True Correct! False Question 39 1 / 1 pts Which individual is especially susceptible to iron deficiency? Joe, who runs 5 miles per week Mary, a 55-year old recreational biker Correct! Cindy, a vegetarian who has heavy periods Fred, who lifts weights every other day Question 40 1 / 1 pts For people who consume enough vitamins and minerals in their diet, taking more than the RDA will not result in improved performance during exercise. Correct! True False Question 41 1 / 1 pts Sports drinks are recommended for exercise that lasts between 30 and 60 minutes. True Correct! False Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which minerals are commonly found in sports drinks? vitamin C and potassium Correct! sodium and potassium zinc and chloride iron and magnesium Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which of the following supplements has been shown to improve athletic performance? vitamin C vitamin E iron Correct! None of these answers is correct. Question 44 1 / 1 pts The amount of weight lost during one exercise session is mainly due to Correct! losses in water. fat loss. muscle density. vitamins and minerals. Question 45 1 / 1 pts Timing the foods you eat around exercise has a significant impact on energy levels and recovery time. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts An activity is considered aerobic if it is performed under water. Correct! uses oxygen. is performed in the gym. involves carrying heavy weights. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Why does sports anemia occur? because athletes use more oxygen Correct! because blood volume increases because most athletes don't consume enough protein because most athletes don't consume enough iron Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT part of the female athlete triad? amenorrhea osteoporosis Correct! type 2 diabetes disordered eating Question 49 1 / 1 pts People who are physically fit have a lower VO2max. True Correct! False Question 50 1 / 1 pts What you eat after you exercise really is not very important. True Correct! False

CH15

Iron deficiency is not a problem among male adolescents. True Correct! False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Niacin is needed to properly use calcium and phosphorus to strengthen bones. True Correct! False Question 3 1 / 1 pts Which food's anti-inflammatory effect may help reduce the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? olive oil cooked vegetables omega-3 fatty acids in fish Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 4 1 / 1 pts What is the menarche? Correct! when the first menstrual period occurs when the wisdom teeth erupt when the first cavity occurs when a child breaks a bone Question 5 1 / 1 pts Children tend to be picky about strong-tasting foods because Correct! they have more taste buds than adults. they do not appreciate colorful foods. they have small stomachs. they copy their parents. Question 6 1 / 1 pts A preschool child is defined as being 6 to 9 months old. 9 to 12 months old. 1 to 3 years old. Correct! 3 to 5 years old. Question 7 1 / 1 pts A person's metabolic rate naturally increases with age. True Correct! False Question 8 1 / 1 pts Fiber is not important in a young child's diet. True Correct! False Question 9 1 / 1 pts What important role does zinc play in the body? Correct! It promotes a healthy immune system. It promotes strong bones and teeth. It lowers homocysteine levels. It is important for red blood cell development. Question 10 1 / 1 pts Parents should teach their children to eat larger portion sizes. True Correct! False Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which is NOT correct about alcohol intake and the elderly? Alcohol may interfere with medications they are taking. Alcohol may exacerbate depression. Alcohol may contribute to falling down and fractures. Correct! Alcohol tolerance increases with aging. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Adolescence is the stage of the life cycle that occurs between ages 6 and 21. True Correct! False Question 13 1 / 1 pts To reduce the risk of their becoming obese, children should be limited to watching no more than ________ hour(s) of television daily. 1 Correct! 2 3 4 Question 14 1 / 1 pts Soda and sports beverages are sources of empty calories and should not be consumed as a child's only beverage. Correct! True False Question 15 1 / 1 pts Toddlers need approximately ________ calories per day. 400 to 600 500 to 800 Correct! 1,000 to 1,600 2,000 Question 16 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about bone growth? Most of the growth occurs in the epiphyseal plate. Correct Answer Most of the growth occurs in the middle of the long bones. You Answered Adolescence is the last chance to maximize peak bone mass. Bone growth is complete in adolescence. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Medications to treat ADHD often lead to Correct! decreased appetite. rickets. obesity. iron deficiency. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which of the following nutrients is of special concern in the diets of young children? calcium iron vitamin D Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 19 0 / 1 pts The requirement for vitamin D increases with age because the skin's ability to make it from sunlight decreases. You Answered intestines lose their ability to absorb it. kidneys lose their ability to convert it to the active form. Correct Answer All these answers are correct. Question 20 1 / 1 pts The skin's ability to make vitamin D with the assistance of sunlight decreases with age. Correct! True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Children should be encouraged to stop eating when they are full. Correct! True False Question 22 0 / 1 pts The National School Lunch Program is designed to meet minimum guidelines for all of the following EXCEPT calcium. You Answered vitamin A. protein. Correct Answer vitamin D. Question 23 1 / 1 pts Which is correct regarding the frequency of meals for toddlers and preschoolers? They should eat three large meals daily. Correct! They should eat small meals and snacks throughout the day. They should eat breakfast and dinner only. They should eat only snacks throughout the day. Question 24 1 / 1 pts Why might older adults be in need of a B12 supplement? They have a higher risk of osteoporosis. Correct! They have fewer acidic stomach juices. They drink more fluids and excrete them in their urine. They don't eat dairy as often as they should. Question 25 1 / 1 pts The number of individuals 65 years of age and older is projected to ________ in the next decade. Correct! increase decrease slightly stay the same decrease dramatically Question 26 1 / 1 pts The average weight gain during the second year of a child's life is Correct! 3-5 pounds. 5-8 pounds. 8-11 pounds. 11-15 pounds. Question 27 0 / 1 pts A toddler requires a different set of nutrients than an adult. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 28 1 / 1 pts Soft drinks often replace milk in the adolescent's diet. Correct! True False Question 29 1 / 1 pts Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in older adults. Correct! True False Question 30 1 / 1 pts Sandy is a vegan and is at risk of failing to meet her daily iron needs. What would be a good food for her to eat to obtain iron? oranges Correct! chickpeas lean meats milk Question 31 1 / 1 pts Vitamins E and C and selenium may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Correct! True False Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is true about nutrition in older adults (as compared to younger people)? They need more calories. Correct! They need fewer calories. Their calorie needs remain the same. They need fewer nutrients. Question 33 1 / 1 pts Osteoarthritis is the same as rheumatoid arthritis but occurs later in life. True Correct! False Question 34 1 / 1 pts All the following statements about feeding children are true EXCEPT that solid foods should not pose a choking hazard. Correct! children should be encouraged to follow a 3-meal-a-day pattern. foods should be nutrient-dense. children should sit down when they are eating. Question 35 1 / 1 pts Women over age 50 need less dietary iron than they did in their younger years. Correct! True False Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which is CORRECT about why a person's metabolic rate naturally declines with age? because of the natural gain of muscle mass Correct! because of the tendency for less daily physical activity because bone mass remains the same. because older people eat less food Question 37 1 / 1 pts Toddlers should consume 500 milligrams of calcium per day, which can be met with ________ 8-ounce glass(es) of milk daily. 1 Correct! 2 3 4 Question 38 1 / 1 pts According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which of the following foods should be kept away from toddlers and preschoolers? yogurt banana slices Correct! whole grapes apple sauce Question 39 1 / 1 pts What percentage of older Americans between the ages of 64 and 74 engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes, five days a week? 5 8 Correct! 16 20 Question 40 1 / 1 pts A toddler is defined as being 6 to 9 months old. 9 to 12 months old. Correct! 1 to 3 years old. 2 to 5 years old. Question 41 1 / 1 pts Due to the production of less stomach acid as a person ages, absorption of vitamin B12 may be impaired. Correct! True False Question 42 1 / 1 pts Compared to the first year of life, growth slows in the second year. Correct! True False Question 43 1 / 1 pts Too much preformed vitamin A may increase the risk of diabetes. heart disease. kidney disease. Correct! osteoporosis. Question 44 1 / 1 pts Fluid recommendations for older adults are the same as those for younger people. Correct! True False Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which food, when eaten in excess, is likely to be the culprit behind iron deficiency? cereal Correct! milk chicken fish Question 46 1 / 1 pts According to recent data, what percentage of school-age children are obese in the U.S.? 5 10 15 Correct! 20 Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which nutrients may slow the loss of cognitive function associated with Alzheimer's disease? vitamin D and magnesium Correct! vitamins E and C vitamin K and B12 zinc and sodium Question 48 1 / 1 pts A sodium deficiency may lead to a suppressed immune system in older adults. True Correct! False Question 49 1 / 1 pts The majority of older Americans have diets that could be characterized as "good." True Correct! False Question 50 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is considered safe for young children? whole grapes hard candy chunks of peanut butter Correct! banana slices

CH5

Lecithin and bile are examples of emulsifiers. Correct Answer True False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States. Correct! True False UnansweredQuestion 3 0 / 1 pts Trans fats raise LDL and do not affect HDL levels. True Correct Answer False Question 4 1 / 1 pts The two essential fatty acids are monoglycerides and diglycerides. Correct! linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid. cholesterol and trans fatty acids. PUFA and MUFA. Question 5 1 / 1 pts Your heart, liver, and resting muscles prefer fat as their fuel source, which spares glucose to be used for your nervous system and red blood cells. Correct! True False UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 1 pts Where should the majority of fat in the Mediterranean diet come from? Correct Answer olive oil and olives dairy cheese eggs Question 7 1 / 1 pts Lipids contain all the following molecules EXCEPT carbon. Correct! nitrogen. hydrogen. oxygen. UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 1 pts High blood cholesterol levels can partly be due to genetic causes. Correct Answer True False UnansweredQuestion 9 0 / 1 pts Fat-free versions of cookies always have fewer calories than their full-fat counterparts. True Correct Answer False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a lipoprotein? chylomicron Correct! micelle VLDL LDL UnansweredQuestion 11 0 / 1 pts Which of the following has the smallest impact on your LDL cholesterol level? saturated fat intake Correct Answer cholesterol intake trans fat intake They all have equal impact. Question 12 1 / 1 pts When describing lipids, the term hydrophobic means that they can readily dissolve in water. True Correct! False UnansweredQuestion 13 0 / 1 pts Having an HDL level of 60 mg/dl or higher is considered a protective factor for heart disease. Correct Answer True False UnansweredQuestion 14 0 / 1 pts Long-chained fatty acids are not absorbed into the bloodstream directly and need transport carriers called chylomicrons. Correct Answer True False Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following types of fish should pregnant women NOT consume? pollock cod flatfish Correct! king mackerel UnansweredQuestion 16 0 / 1 pts Which of the following terms encompasses all the other terms listed? LDL HDL Correct Answer lipoprotein chylomicron Question 17 1 / 1 pts The decrease in estrogen in postmenopausal women plays a part in the increased risk of heart disease that occurs in older women. Correct! True False Question 18 0 / 1 pts Phospholipids are made up of how many fatty acid chains? You Answered 4 3 Correct Answer 2 1 UnansweredQuestion 19 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct regarding phytosterols? Correct Answer They raise LDL cholesterol as much as saturated fat. They are found naturally in many vegetables, legumes, nuts, and seeds. They compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestinal tract. They are found in plant cell membranes. UnansweredQuestion 20 0 / 1 pts High blood levels of cholesterol and fat are likely contributors to atherosclerosis. Correct Answer True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts What has the FDA mandated be added to foods containing olestra? Correct! fat-soluble vitamins water zinc and calcium vitamins C and K Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which of the following lipids is a precursor for both estrogen and bile? Correct! cholesterol alpha-linolenic acid eicosanoids saturated fat Question 23 1 / 1 pts What do high levels of C-reactive protein in the blood indicate? that a person's risk of type 2 diabetes is low Correct! that there is inflammation in the walls of the arteries that a person's HDL will rise in the next few weeks that a person needs to consume more linoleic acid Question 24 1 / 1 pts Which benefit is associated with omega-3 fatty acids? prevention of irregular heartbeat reduce atherosclerosis lower blood pressure Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which is correct regarding trans fats? They raise LDL and HDL. They raise triglycerides and lower LDL. Correct! They raise LDL and lower HDL. They raise blood pressure. Question 26 1 / 1 pts All of the following are eicosanoids EXCEPT Correct! cholesterol. prostaglandins. leukotrienes. thromboxanes. Question 27 1 / 1 pts Type 1 diabetes is a preventable risk factor for heart disease. True Correct! False Question 28 1 / 1 pts Arterial plaque contains all of the following EXCEPT foam cells. platelets. calcium. Correct! fluoride. Question 29 0 / 1 pts Which of the following lipids do NOT contain a glycerol backbone? Correct Answer sterols You Answered phospholipids triglycerides monoglycerides UnansweredQuestion 30 0 / 1 pts Carbohydrate-based fat substitutes use plant polysaccharides to help retain moisture and provide a fatlike texture. Correct Answer True False UnansweredQuestion 31 0 / 1 pts Which is the most effective way to raise HDL cholesterol? by lowering saturated fat intake by lowering polyunsaturated fat intake Correct Answer by engaging in routine exercise by drinking green tea Question 32 1 / 1 pts What percent of total calories should come from linoleic acid? Correct! 5 to 10 percent 15 to 25 percent 30 to 40 percent There is no recommendation for linoleic acid. Question 33 0 / 1 pts Which of the following types of lipoprotein contains the highest percentage of protein? You Answered VLDL Correct Answer HDL LDL chylomicron Question 34 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid? linoleic acid You Answered alpha-linolenic acid oleic acid Correct Answer stearic acid Question 35 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is/are a precursor of bile, vitamin D, and some sex hormones? phospholipids triglycerides Correct! cholesterol alpha-linolenic acid Question 36 1 / 1 pts Sterols contain how many glycerol and fatty acid groups? 3 5 7 Correct! 0 Question 37 0 / 1 pts VLDL is a lipoprotein that delivers fat made in the liver to various tissues. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 38 1 / 1 pts All of the following can raise HDL cholesterol EXCEPT losing excess fat. quitting smoking. getting regular exercise. Correct! eating fiber. UnansweredQuestion 39 0 / 1 pts The primary risk factor for heart disease is elevated LDL cholesterol. Correct Answer True False Question 40 0 / 1 pts Some health professional have suggested lifting the weekly cap on egg yolks and focusing instead on limiting dietary cholesterol to no more than 300 milligrams per day, regardless of its source. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 41 1 / 1 pts All the following markers in the blood are signs of heart disease EXCEPT high homocysteine levels. elevated apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Correct! low levels of C-reactive protein. high LDL levels. Question 42 1 / 1 pts The current AMDR recommendation for fat in the American diet is 10 to 15 percent. Correct! 20 to 35 percent. 25 to 45 percent. 40 to 55 percent. UnansweredQuestion 43 0 / 1 pts Unsaturated fatty acids pack together more tightly than saturated fatty acids; this is why they are liquid at room temperature. True Correct Answer False Question 44 1 / 1 pts Max eats 2,400 calories per day and wants no more than 30 percent of his calories to be from fat. What is the maximum number of fat grams he can eat in a day? 720 30 Correct! 80 100 UnansweredQuestion 45 0 / 1 pts All fat-free foods are healthy for you. True Correct Answer False UnansweredQuestion 46 0 / 1 pts The phosphorus-containing head of a phospholipid attracts water and is Correct Answer polar. nonpolar. hydrophobic. None of these answers is correct. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Americans eat more trans fats than saturated fat. True Correct! False Question 48 1 / 1 pts A fatty acid that has one double bond is called a unsaturated fatty acid. polyunsaturated fatty acid. Correct! monounsaturated fatty acid. saturated fatty acid. UnansweredQuestion 49 0 / 1 pts Syndrome X includes all following conditions EXCEPT Correct Answer obesity located in the hips and thighs. high blood pressure. elevated blood levels of triglycerides. too much insulin in the blood. Question 50 0 / 1 pts VLDL is a type of lipoprotein that carries digested fat from the GI tract through the lymph system. You Answered True Correct Answer False

CH3

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine is the ileocecal sphincter. lower esophageal sphincter. upper sphincter. Correct! pyloric sphincter. Question 2 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a function of cholecystokinin? stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes slows down gastric motility contributes to meal satisfaction Correct! stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid Question 3 1 / 1 pts Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum. True Correct! False Question 4 1 / 1 pts Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by the ________ and functions to ________. stomach; activate enzymes that begin protein digestion Correct! pancreas; raise pH and neutralize acidic chyme liver; regulate digestive activity and increase peristalsis gallbladder; emulsify fat Question 5 0 / 1 pts Celiac disease is an illness of the stomach that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 6 1 / 1 pts Heartburn may result if the pyloric sphincter allows food to flow back into the esophagus from the stomach. True Correct! False Question 7 1 / 1 pts The cells lining the gastrointestinal tract function for about 120 days and are then sloughed off as they are replaced with new cells. True Correct! False Question 8 0 / 1 pts Bile is released into the ________ in response to the ingestion of fat. stomach You Answered small intestine large intestine Correct Answer GI tract Question 9 1 / 1 pts The only function of the microvilli is to secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine. True Correct! False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Hydrochloric acid has all the following digestive functions EXCEPT activation of the enzyme pepsin. breakdown of connective tissue in meat. Correct! neutralization of stomach acid. destruction of some ingested microorganisms. Question 11 1 / 1 pts A condition that causes the lining of the small intestine to flatten out in response to gluten ingestion is called GERD. Correct! celiac disease. gallstones. irritable bowel syndrome. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which of the following does NOT occur in the colon? absorption of water production of some vitamins Correct! absorption of the majority of nutrients absorption of electrolytes Question 13 1 / 1 pts Kim is constipated and asks for advice from her physician. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate advice to relieve constipation? Correct! drink less fluids exercise more eat more fiber use a stool softener Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine? Correct! duodenum; jejunum; ileum jejunum; ileum; duodenum ileum; colon; jejunum ileum; esophagus; colon Question 15 1 / 1 pts Cholecystokinin is secreted by intestinal cells to stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes. Correct! True False Question 16 1 / 1 pts If you eat slowly, you may find you belch less frequently. Correct! True False Question 17 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? detoxifying alcohol storing glycogen Correct Answer producing insulin You Answered producing bile Question 18 1 / 1 pts Shockwave therapy may be useful in treating which disorder? diarrhea colon cancer Correct! gallstones irritable bowel syndrome Question 19 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about the small intestine? It contains villi. Correct! It absorbs water. It secretes digestive enzymes. It absorbs most nutrients. Question 20 1 / 1 pts Peptic ulcers are generally due to a bacterial infection. Correct! True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about the digestive process is NOT correct? Bacteria in the colon play a role in producing biotin and vitamin K. The large intestine is where water is reabsorbed. Correct! The small and large intestines contain villi for absorption. Chyme passes from the stomach to the small intestine. Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which of the following enzymes is mismatched? chymotrypsin; protein lipase; fat amylase; carbohydrate Correct! trypsin; starch Question 23 1 / 1 pts Tom has been recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following should he avoid? broccoli eggs Correct! pasta milk Question 24 1 / 1 pts Joe has chronic heartburn and asks his nutrition teacher for advice. All of the following would be helpful to Joe EXCEPT eating smaller meals. avoiding alcohol. avoiding lying down after meals. Correct! drinking milk with meals. Question 25 1 / 1 pts During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the GI tract and transports them to the Correct! liver. heart. brain. lungs. Question 26 1 / 1 pts The nervous system's role in nutrition is to signal when you need to eat and drink and when to stop. Correct! True False Question 27 1 / 1 pts Excess water-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver. True Correct! False Question 28 1 / 1 pts The majority of digestion occurs in the mouth. stomach. Correct! small intestine. large intestine. Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following would most likely NOT be a part of feces? bacteria sloughed-off gastrointestinal cells fiber Correct! sucrose Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a role of the lymphatic system? aids your immune system transports digested fat from the GI tract to your blood Correct! transports water-soluble vitamins from the GI tract to your blood maintains the internal fluid environment Question 31 1 / 1 pts Jill has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). All of the following are correct about IBS EXCEPT that Correct! excessive fiber in the diet is suspected as a cause. symptoms include alternating patterns of diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. stress management is an important part of treatment. about 20% of American adults experience IBS symptoms Question 32 1 / 1 pts It generally takes about 1 week for intestinal matter to pass through the colon. True Correct! False Question 33 0 / 1 pts Which is NOT true regarding saliva? You Answered It helps dissolve small food particles. It allows us to comfortably swallow dry food. We each produce 1 to 1.5 liters every day. Correct Answer It provides the enzyme that begins protein digestion. Question 34 1 / 1 pts The enzymes from the ________ are responsible for the digestion of almost all the fat, half the protein, and half the carbohydrate you eat. stomach liver Correct! pancreas gallbladder Question 35 1 / 1 pts The pancreas is connected to the duodenum via the bile duct. Correct! True False Question 36 1 / 1 pts The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is pepsin. Correct! gastrin. bile. bicarbonate. Question 37 1 / 1 pts The ________ produces bile and the ________ stores it. pancreas; bladder gallbladder; pancreas Correct! liver; gallbladder gallbladder; liver Question 38 1 / 1 pts Most of the vitamin production and absorption of water occurs within the first half of the colon. Correct! True False Question 39 1 / 1 pts Which of the following foods leaves the stomach first? Correct! carbohydrates fats protein fiber Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the sloshing motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine? pendular movement peristalsis Correct! segmentation absorption Question 41 1 / 1 pts Which of the following will NOT generally cause diarrhea? stress Correct! low fiber intake contaminated water some microorganisms Question 42 1 / 1 pts Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds. True Correct! False Question 43 1 / 1 pts Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder. True Correct! False Question 44 1 / 1 pts The presence of fat tends to enhance the flavor of food. Correct! True False Question 45 1 / 1 pts Pendular movement, segmentation, and peristalsis move the chyme through the small intestine. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts Under normal conditions you digest 50 to 60 percent of the nutrients from your food. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach. Correct! True False Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT involved in mechanical digestion? chewing grinding Correct! enzymes peristaltic movement of food Question 49 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about flavor is NOT true? The average person can distinguish 2,000 to 4,000 aromas. Correct! People have an innate preference for sour, salty, and bitter foods. We have at least 10,000 taste buds. We detect aromas with the olfactory cells in the nasal cavity. Question 50 1 / 1 pts Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose. True Correct! False

CH12

Food policies can help encourage the production of healthier products. Correct! True False Question 2 1 / 1 pts More than 75 percent of American farms generate gross revenues of less than $50,000 per year. Correct! True False Question 3 1 / 1 pts Family-owned farms make up 90 percent of all farms in the United States. Correct! True False Question 4 1 / 1 pts What is precision agriculture? cultivating the land at precisely the same time each year knowing the precise boundaries of the land Correct! using computers and technology to farm more efficiently None of these answers is correct. Question 5 1 / 1 pts All of the following are agencies that regulate bioengineered foods EXCEPT the Correct! FTC. FDA. EPA. USDA. Question 6 1 / 1 pts Pigs tend to be raised indoors in order to protect them from the effects of weather and disease. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts A common trend in food advertising is to make the product very cheap. Correct! market heavily to young adults. package the product in bright colors. target the older adult population. Question 8 1 / 1 pts The United States only produces enough food for its needs, with little left to export. True Correct! False Question 9 1 / 1 pts What fraction of the U.S. population is employed in the agriculture sector? 1/4 Correct! 1/6 1/8 1/10 Question 10 1 / 1 pts Organic farming is free from all pesticides. True Correct! False Question 11 1 / 1 pts Cows are injected with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) because with it Correct! they can produce more milk. they become more fertile. the milk they produce is more nutritious. they are more resistant to disease. Question 12 1 / 1 pts The nation's biggest food consumer is the federal government. Correct! True False Question 13 1 / 1 pts More than 70% of ________ produced in the U.S. is used to make food products. Correct! wheat corn soybeans rice Question 14 1 / 1 pts ________ is an example of a food whose nutritional value has been modified so that it contains more vitamin A and iron. Frankenfood Bt corn Correct! Golden rice The high-oleic-acid soybean Question 15 1 / 1 pts Wheat is the primary commodity crop in the U.S. True Correct! False Question 16 1 / 1 pts A food can be labeled as "organic" if ________% of its ingredients are organic. 75 85 Correct! 95 100 Question 17 1 / 1 pts The ________ has developed guidelines for the judicious use of antibiotics in food-producing animals. CDC Correct! CVM FDA USDA Question 18 1 / 1 pts In the U.S., livestock consume a significant proportion of the food crops grown. Correct! True False Question 19 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a result of genetic modification in plants? bigger plants greater yield disease resistance Correct! rain resistance Question 20 1 / 1 pts There is an increased risk of contamination in foods that are imported. Correct! True False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Americans have increased the portion of their income that is spent on food over the last several decades. True Correct! False Question 22 1 / 1 pts ________ is the application of biological techniques to living cells in order to alter their genetic makeup. Biocytology Correct! Biotechnology Biochemistry Biotoxicology Question 23 1 / 1 pts What percentage of an American's food comes from outside the country? 8 10 Correct! 13 20 Question 24 1 / 1 pts What is a challenge faced by present-day farmers? unpredictability of weather-related events demand for low food prices high costs of farming Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 25 1 / 1 pts The "Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food" initiative is supported by Correct! the USDA. the FDA. Farmers for America. the WHO. Question 26 1 / 1 pts Chronic use of antibiotics can increase the risk of development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Correct! True False Question 27 0 / 1 pts All of the following have a negative impact on the environment when used in farming, EXCEPT pesticides. antibiotics. You Answered hormones. Correct Answer manure. Question 28 1 / 1 pts Surplus, unsold foods grown and raised on U.S. farms are used to provide for the National School Lunch Program. Summer Food Service Program. Child and Adult Care Food Program. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 29 1 / 1 pts Cows are injected with hormones to increase weight gain. increase milk production. increase meat production. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 30 1 / 1 pts A person who purchases a quick meal at the local drive-through is not really a food consumer. True Correct! False Question 31 1 / 1 pts What percentage of the world's soybean production comes from the U.S.? 10 25 Correct! 50 80 Question 32 1 / 1 pts The pesticides used in farming are continually re-reviewed by the ________ to ensure their safety. FDA USDA Correct! EPA CVM Question 33 1 / 1 pts The "Americanization" of many food cultures around the world is the cause of a growing problem with infections. arthritis. Correct! obesity. asthma. Question 34 1 / 1 pts What is the estimate for the time it takes to regenerate one inch of nutrient-rich topsoil? 1 year 50 years 100 years Correct! 500 years Question 35 1 / 1 pts The genetic modification of corn is based on incorporating the gene that produces a toxin similar to that produced by the bacterium E. coli. Campylobacter. Listeria monocytogenes. Correct! Bacillus thuringiensis. Question 36 1 / 1 pts Plant breeding is a form of genetic engineering. True Correct! False Question 37 1 / 1 pts Animals that consume low-dose antibiotics in their feed gain more weight than those consuming antibiotic-free food. Correct! True False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Healthy soil depends on the organisms it supports as much as the organisms depend on the healthy soil. Correct! True False Question 39 1 / 1 pts Which of the following represents the food products most imported into the U.S.? wine and beer Correct! fish and shellfish fruits and nuts sweeteners and candy Question 40 1 / 1 pts Herbicides are a type of pesticide. Correct! True False Question 41 1 / 1 pts On average, what percentage of food purchased by Americans goes to waste? 5 10 Correct! 15 20 Question 42 1 / 1 pts What percentage of an average American's income is spent on what he or she eats today? 5% Correct! 10% 20% 25% Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a state with a high concentration of beef farms? Correct! Montana Texas Oklahoma Iowa Question 44 1 / 1 pts Large farms owned by giant corporations make it difficult for small farms to stay in business. Correct! True False Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT an approach used in IPM (integrated pest management)? pest-resistant strains crop rotation Correct! irradiation natural predator introduction Question 46 1 / 1 pts How has the number of farms in the United States changed over the past few decades? It has increased. Correct! It has decreased. It has remained the same. It is difficult to estimate. Question 47 1 / 1 pts The major agricultural crop produced in the United States is Correct! corn. rice. sugarcane. beets. Question 48 1 / 1 pts What is the disadvantage of reducing biodiversity? global warming Correct! reduced variety and nutritional quality of diet restricted food production None of these answers is correct. Question 49 1 / 1 pts Antibiotics can be introduced into feed or injected into farm animals. Correct! True False Question 50 1 / 1 pts All locally grown food is sustainably grown. True Correct! False

CH4

After the release of insulin, which of the following will NOT occur? Excess glucose will be stored in your muscles as glycogen. Excess glucose will be store in your fat cells as fat. Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as glycogen. Correct! Excess glucose will be stored in your liver as starch. Question 2 1 / 1 pts All of the following are different names for sugars EXCEPT dextrose. Correct! lignin. malt syrup. high-fructose corn syrup. Question 3 0 / 1 pts Low-fat milk with 12 grams of sugar listed on its Nutrition Facts panel has had sugar added to it. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 4 1 / 1 pts You can help avoid reactive hypoglycemia by eating smaller, well-balanced meals throughout the day. Correct! True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts When would glycogenesis occur? when your blood glucose level dips too low Correct! when there is excess glucose in the blood when a person is fasting and glucose is created from noncarbohydrate sources during an emergency, when glycogen can be broken down to release glucose Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which statement is NOT true about enriched wheat bread? It is missing phytochemicals that are found in whole wheat bread. Correct! It is missing the thiamin, niacin, and folate that are found in whole wheat bread. It is missing the fiber that is found in whole wheat bread. It is made from the endosperm of the wheat kernel. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide? starch fiber glycogen Correct! galactose Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about lactose intolerance? Symptoms include diarrhea. Correct! All dairy foods must be eliminated from the diet. Lactase pills can help prevent symptoms. Cheese is better tolerated than milk. Question 9 0 / 1 pts A fasting blood glucose level greater than 126 mg/dl is classified as prediabetes. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is true regarding diabetes in children? Correct! Up to 45 percent of new cases of diabetes in children are type 2. Children with diabetes have fewer medical complications from the disease because they are able to adapt to the changes in glucose metabolism. Type 1 is the only type of diabetes seen in children. Obesity is not a risk factor for diabetes in children. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which food is most likely to promote dental caries? Correct! raisins cheese chewing gum with xylitol carrots Question 12 1 / 1 pts People with a deficiency of the enzyme lactase cannot properly digest starch. table sugar. Correct! milk sugar. fiber. Question 13 1 / 1 pts Honey should never be given to children younger than one year of age. Correct! True False Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about ketosis? It causes your blood to become slightly acidic. Ketone bodies are the by-products of incomplete fat breakdown. Correct! It occurs when glycogen is broken down into glucose for energy. It can occur in people following a low-carbohydrate diet. Question 15 1 / 1 pts The DRIs recommend 14 grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories consumed. Correct! True False Question 16 1 / 1 pts Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach. small intestine. Correct! mouth. large intestine. Question 17 1 / 1 pts People who follow a low-carbohydrate diet are often in ketosis because they eat too much protein. they eat inadequate amounts of fat. Correct! they are unable to break down fat completely. their diet lacks fiber. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements concerning sugar is correct? Sugar causes hyperactivity in children. Correct! Sugar can contribute to dental caries. Sugar causes diabetes. Sugar is fattening. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Where do monosaccharides go after absorption? pancreas gallbladder Correct! liver large intestine Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which is NOT a health benefit attributed to eating insoluble fiber? lowers risk of diverticulosis lowers risk of constipation lowers risk of obesity Correct! lowers risk of kidney disease Question 21 1 / 1 pts Individuals who follow a low-carbohydrate diet are often in a state of ketosis. Correct! True False Question 22 1 / 1 pts All the nutrients and phytochemicals lost in the processing of wheat flour are added back in the enrichment process. True Correct! False Question 23 1 / 1 pts Which is NOT correct about type 1 diabetes? It usually begins in childhood. The immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Correct! Insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly. Daily insulin injections are required. Question 24 1 / 1 pts Research has shown that adults who eat more fruit have healthier body weights. Correct! True False Question 25 1 / 1 pts The process of photosynthesis produces which of the following? Correct! glucose fructose glycogen triglycerides Question 26 1 / 1 pts Children can have type 1 diabetes but cannot have type 2 diabetes. True Correct! False Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which is the starchy part of the grain kernel? germ Correct! endosperm bran husk Question 28 1 / 1 pts Insulin can direct the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen or fat. Correct! True False Question 29 1 / 1 pts If poorly managed, diabetes can increase the likelihood of all of the following EXCEPT eye diseases. kidney disease. Correct! breast cancer. amputations of limbs. Question 30 1 / 1 pts Approximately how long does it take for your liver glycogen stores to be depleted? 4 hours 8 hours 12 hours Correct! 18 hours Question 31 0 / 1 pts Which of the following hormones will NOT increase your blood glucose level? glucagon You Answered epinephrine adrenaline Correct Answer insulin Question 32 1 / 1 pts Simple carbohydrates include the monosaccharides and disaccharides. Correct! True False Question 33 1 / 1 pts All of the following are correct about aspartame EXCEPT that it is composed of two amino acids. Correct! its trade name is Sweet 'N Low. it should not be consumed by people with PKU. the FDA has concluded it is safe to consume. Question 34 1 / 1 pts The main role of carbohydrates is to supply building material for muscles. True Correct! False Question 35 1 / 1 pts What is the estimated minimum amount of carbohydrates that should be consumed daily, according to the latest DRIs? 25 grams 50 grams Correct! 130 grams 250 grams Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which statement is NOT correct regarding the amount of carbohydrate you should consume daily? The minimum amount of carbohydrate needed for the brain to function efficiently is 130 grams per day. Correct! The AMDR for carbohydrates is 15 to 35 percent of your total daily calories. Eating the recommended daily servings for each food group in MyPyramid will ensure that you meet your minimum amount. In the United States, adult males and females consume more than the minimum DRI for carbohydrates. Question 37 1 / 1 pts When fasting continues beyond glycogen depletion, body protein will be broken down to make glucose. Correct! True False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Being overweight puts a person at higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes. Correct! True False Question 39 1 / 1 pts Eating cheese has been shown to protect teeth from acid. Correct! True False Question 40 1 / 1 pts Nerve damage from diabetes can cause all of the following EXCEPT numbness in the toes, feet, legs, and hands. a decreased ability to feel changes in temperature or pain in the legs and feet. changes in sexual function. Correct! significant weight loss Question 41 1 / 1 pts What is the function of glycogen? to provide energy storage in plants Correct! to store glucose in humans and animals to lower blood glucose levels when they rise after a meal to create membrane structures in plants Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which of the following sugar substitutes was removed by the National Toxicology Program from the list of substances that could potentially cause cancer? Correct! saccharin mannitol aspartame sucralose Question 43 1 / 1 pts Janelle never has time to eat between work and her evening nutrition class. It has been 7 hours since lunch and she is feeling hungry and weak. Where is she getting glucose from to meet her energy needs? from stored fat from muscle protein Correct! from liver glycogen from the brain Question 44 1 / 1 pts The current DRIs recommend that you should consume ________ grams of fiber for every 1,000 calories you eat. 5 Correct! 14 28 35 Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which part of the grain kernel contains vitamin E and healthy unsaturated fats? Correct! germ endosperm bran husk Question 46 1 / 1 pts When blood glucose levels rise, insulin is released by the gallbladder to lower the level. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Pectin is an insoluble fiber that moves quickly through the intestinal tract and has a laxative effect. True Correct! False Question 48 1 / 1 pts The glycogen in meat and poultry is a significant source of calories in our diet. True Correct! False Question 49 1 / 1 pts The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial showed that an intense regimen that controlled blood glucose had no effect on the development of complications from type 1 diabetes. True Correct! False Question 50 1 / 1 pts Refined grains are more nutrient dense than whole grains. True Correct! False

CH7

Naturally occurring vitamin B12 is found in which food? cantaloupe oranges Correct! eggs All these answers are correct. Question 2 1 / 1 pts Pellagra is a condition associated with a deficiency of which vitamin? vitamin D Correct! Niacin vitamin B2 vitamin C Question 3 1 / 1 pts Thiamin deficiency results in which condition? pellagra scurvy Correct! beriberi rickets Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which vitamin helps bone health by regulating calcium and phosphorus? Correct! vitamin D vitamin K choline vitamin E Question 5 1 / 1 pts Large amounts of vitamin B6 taken through supplements may be associated with nerve damage. Correct! True False Question 6 1 / 1 pts Consuming too much niacin can cause flushing of the skin. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized by your body? vitamin D vitamin K biotin Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? vitamin D Correct! vitamin K vitamin C vitamin A Question 9 1 / 1 pts Vitamin C is necessary for which of the following processes? Correct! collagen formation bone growth blood clotting vitamin synthesis Question 10 0 / 1 pts Niacin has been shown to beneficially alter the serum levels of which of the following? You Answered triglycerides LDL HDL Correct Answer All these answers are correct. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Carly and Adam have been married for three years and are beginning to think about having children. Which vitamin should Carly make sure she is getting enough of prior to conceiving, in order to reduce the risk of neural tube defects? pantothenic acid vitamin D riboflavin Correct! folic acid Question 12 1 / 1 pts The water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin E. True Correct! False Question 13 1 / 1 pts Using retinoids during pregnancy can cause birth defects. Correct! True False Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is correct about xerophthalmia? It is often due to an overdose of vitamin A. It can occur if a person consumes too many carrots. Correct! It is permanent damage to the cornea due to a vitamin A deficiency. It mainly affects the gallbladder. Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which people might benefit from a vitamin supplement? women of childbearing age individuals who don't drink milk or go out in the sun strict vegetarians Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following does NOT accurately describe vitamins? tasteless organic compounds Correct! provide energy needed for growth Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which light-sensitive vitamin is abundant in milk? Correct! riboflavin alpha-tocopherol vitamin C thiamin Question 18 1 / 1 pts All the following statements are true about vitamin B12 EXCEPT that its naturally occurring form is found only in foods from animal sources. it requires intrinsic factor for absorption to occur. Correct! the ability to absorb this vitamin increases with age. when deficient, pernicious anemia may result. Question 19 1 / 1 pts Protein-rich foods are good sources of tryptophan and thus of riboflavin. True Correct! False Question 20 1 / 1 pts Pernicious anemia occurs when there is a deficiency of which vitamin? Correct! B12 B6 B2 B5 Question 21 1 / 1 pts One of the best ways to reduce your chances of catching a cold is to take vitamin C supplements. True Correct! False Question 22 1 / 1 pts Nerve damage caused by pernicious anemia can be reversed with treatments of vitamin B12 if diagnosed early enough. Correct! True False Question 23 1 / 1 pts Which of the following conditions is NOT caused by a deficiency of vitamin D? rickets osteomalacia osteoporosis Correct! scurvy Question 24 1 / 1 pts Folate can be found in the highest levels in which of the following foods? Correct! asparagus beans meat oranges Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which of the following will NOT destroy the vitamin content of foods? Correct! cold heat light air Question 26 1 / 1 pts Individuals with dark skin require less time in the sun than people with lighter skin in order to self-synthesize vitamin D. True Correct! False Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which supplements may lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration, according to a study conducted by the National Eye Institute? Correct! vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene vitamin D, vitamin K, and niacin pantothenic acid, biotin, and thiamin choline, carnitine, and inositol Question 28 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT an antioxidant? beta-carotene vitamin C vitamin E Correct! biotin Question 29 1 / 1 pts Vitamin K is a component of two light-sensitive proteins essential for vision. True Correct! False Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins is NOT involved in breaking down homocysteine in the blood? B6 Correct! vitamin D folate B12 Question 31 1 / 1 pts Prolonged heat from cooking will destroy water-soluble vitamins. Correct! True False Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a form of naturally occurring vitamin E? beta-carotene Correct! alpha-tocopherol riboflavin pantothenic acid Question 33 1 / 1 pts One of the easiest ways to get vitamin D is by drinking fortified milk. Correct! True False Question 34 1 / 1 pts Where is the inactive form of vitamin D converted to the active form? in the skin Correct! in the liver and then kidneys in the stomach and small intestine in the pancreas and gallbladder Question 35 1 / 1 pts Which is the best way to reduce your chances of catching a cold? Correct! frequent hand-washing consuming the herb echinacea taking vitamin C supplements avoiding outside activities on very cold days Question 36 1 / 1 pts Cutting vegetables and fruits hours before eating them will have no effect on their vitamin content. True Correct! False Question 37 1 / 1 pts Vitamins do not provide energy. Correct! True False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a vitamin D deficiency disease in children? osteomalacia osteoporosis Correct! rickets beriberi Question 39 1 / 1 pts The most usable form of vitamin A is retinoic acid. True Correct! False Question 40 1 / 1 pts A deficiency of vitamin A can lead to night blindness and xerophthalmia. Correct! True False Question 41 1 / 1 pts Excessive amounts of vitamin E in your body increase the risk of hemorrhage. Correct! True False Question 42 1 / 1 pts The adult equivalent of rickets is called osteomalacia. Correct! True False Question 43 1 / 1 pts Vitamin K plays an essential role in red blood cell division. Correct! blood clotting. the metabolism of energy nutrients. the synthesis of collagen. Question 44 1 / 1 pts Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to be toxic in excess than water-soluble vitamins. Correct! True False Question 45 1 / 1 pts The phytochemical anthocyanin is found in broccoli. barley. Correct! cherries. bananas. Question 46 1 / 1 pts The disease that occurs in humans with a thiamin deficiency is called beriberi. Correct! True False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which of the following vitamins travels in a micelle along with bile and fatty acids? vitamin C niacin riboflavin Correct! vitamin A Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which vitamin has been shown to reduce the risk of colon, breast, and pancreatic cancers, as well as reduce the risk of birth defects? Correct! folic acid alpha-tocopherol vitamin C thiamin Question 49 1 / 1 pts Carotenodermia is a serious toxic reaction to an overdose of vitamin A. True Correct! False Question 50 1 / 1 pts Which factors may be responsible for the increase in cases of rickets in the United States? increased use of sunscreens limited outdoor activities air pollution Correct! All these answers are correct.

CH6

Vitamin A is found only in animal foods, but vegetarians can meet their needs by consuming its precursor, beta-carotene. Correct! True False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Whole-wheat bread contains complete proteins. True Correct! False Question 3 1 / 1 pts Plant proteins may be less digestible, especially when eaten raw. Correct! True False Question 4 1 / 1 pts People with marasmus are starving. Correct! True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which of the following factors can lead to PEM? poverty not being breast-fed long enough poor food quality Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 6 1 / 1 pts The proteins that act as catalysts and speed up reactions are Correct! enzymes. antibodies. hormones. buffers. Question 7 1 / 1 pts An ovo-vegetarian will eat all of the following EXCEPT Correct! cheese. apples. bagels. an omelet. Question 8 1 / 1 pts The absorption of zinc is inhibited by animal protein. True Correct! False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Hemoglobin acts as a transport protein that carries nitrogen to cells from the lungs. True Correct! False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Proteins that act to maintain the body's proper pH are known as enzymes. antibodies. hormones. Correct! buffers. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Numerous research studies have shown that bones lose calcium when a person's diet is too high in protein. Correct! True False Question 12 1 / 1 pts Compounds in your body that consist of numerous amino acids and are found in all living cells are called Correct! proteins. peptides. peptones. dipeptides. Question 13 1 / 1 pts The most common inherited blood disorder in the United States is Correct! sickle-cell anemia. pernicious anemia. iron-deficient anemia. None of these answers is correct. Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following amino acids was once thought to be essential only for infants? Correct! histidine asparagine alanine phenylalanine Question 15 1 / 1 pts A diet that is too high in protein can increase the risk for all of the following EXCEPT Correct! PKU. osteoporosis. kidney stones. heart disease. Question 16 1 / 1 pts An overweight individual's protein needs are much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar height. lower than those of a normal-weight person of similar height. Correct! not much greater than those of a normal-weight person of similar height. twice that of a normal-weight person of similar height. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Children with kwashiorkor are prone to infections. Correct! True False Question 18 0 / 1 pts Proteins can be denatured or rendered inactive by which of the following? heat You Answered acids salts Correct Answer All these answers are correct. Question 19 1 / 1 pts The biggest risk for vegetarians is not consuming enough vitamin B3. A. B6. Correct! B12. Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which among the following is a consequence of a severe deficiency of dietary protein? marasmus type 2 diabetes Correct! kwashiorkor obesity Question 21 1 / 1 pts Vegetarian diets have been shown to lower the risk of the following diseases, EXCEPT colon cancer. Correct! colds. type 2 diabetes. prostate cancer. Question 22 1 / 1 pts The average adult, aged 19 and older, should consume how many grams of protein for each kilogram of body weight? 10 5.0 1.0 Correct! 0.8 Question 23 1 / 1 pts Consuming too much of any one amino acid via supplements can impede absorption of other amino acids in the intestinal tract. Correct! True False Question 24 1 / 1 pts Jill is 24 years old and weighs 125 pounds. What is Jill's approximate protein requirement per day? 56 grams Correct! 45 gram 35 grams It is impossible to determine this from the information given. Question 25 1 / 1 pts A high-protein diet has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease. True Correct! False Question 26 1 / 1 pts The amino acid that is in the shortest supply in an incomplete protein is known as the completed amino acid. profile amino acid. Correct! limiting amino acid. scarce amino acid. Question 27 1 / 1 pts The element found in protein but not carbohydrate is oxygen. True Correct! False Question 28 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a protein that provides structural support to body tissues? antibody hemoglobin insulin Correct! collagen Question 29 1 / 1 pts Once DNA leaves the nucleus, its mRNA copies are made and brought to the ribosome. True Correct! False Question 30 1 / 1 pts When amino acids are broken down, they lose their amine groups. Correct! True False Question 31 1 / 1 pts Digestion of protein within the stomach begins with the enzyme pepsinogen. trypsinogen. Correct! pepsin. protease. Question 32 1 / 1 pts Isoflavones are weak plant estrogens. Correct! True False Question 33 1 / 1 pts A gene is a segment of ________ that codes for a specific protein. RNA protein Correct! DNA ribosome Question 34 1 / 1 pts Vegetarians can only consume adequate protein by eating a variety of vegetables and fish. True Correct! False Question 35 1 / 1 pts A vegan diet excludes which of the following? milk eggs fish Correct! any foods of animal origin Question 36 0 / 1 pts A protein is considered a complete protein if it contains all 11 nonessential amino acids and some of the 9 essential amino acids. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 37 1 / 1 pts Proteins within the body help to maintain fluid balance but not acid-base balance. True Correct! False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Which state, in terms of nitrogen balance, would a pregnant or nursing woman typically be in? Correct! positive nitrogen balance nitrogen equilibrium negative nitrogen balance It depends on which trimester she is in. Question 39 1 / 1 pts Nonessential amino acids can become essential if the body cannot make them, such as during bouts of illness. Correct! True False Question 40 1 / 1 pts A typical healthy adult is normally in a state of positive nitrogen balance. True Correct! False Question 41 1 / 1 pts Proteins help increase ________, the feeling of fullness, after a meal more than either carbohydrate or fat thirst hunger Correct! satiety None of these answers is correct. Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of combining two incomplete proteins to achieve protein complementation? Correct! vegetables and rice ham and cheese omelet steak and eggs fruit salad Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which foods are most likely missing when a person is on a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet? dairy poultry Correct! fruits fish Question 44 1 / 1 pts Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond? hydrogen bond glycosidic bond glucogenic bond Correct! peptide bond Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about soy is CORRECT? Correct! It may be harmful for individuals at high risk of developing breast cancer. It is increasingly rejected by vegetarians as part of their diet. Its popularity is decreasing in the United States. It is a low-quality protein source that is high in fat. Question 46 1 / 1 pts The absorption of amino acids takes place in the mouth. stomach. Correct! small intestine. large intestine. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which of the following foods has the lowest protein content? Correct! 1 cup melon 1/2 cup pasta 1 oz. cheese 1/2 cup broccoli Question 48 1 / 1 pts The type of RNA that carries the amino acid to the ribosome is mRNA. rRNA. Correct! tRNA. All these answers are correct. Question 49 1 / 1 pts Denaturation of a protein results in the removal of amino acids. Correct! alterations in the protein's function. tighter folding of the protein. None of these answers is correct. Question 50 1 / 1 pts During periods of starvation, the carbon skeletons of the amino acids are used for energy and for gluconeogenesis. Correct! True False

CH16

Which of the following is the simplest method of making water safe to drink? irrigation technology river diversion projects Correct! using solar heat to treat water community wells Question 2 1 / 1 pts What is the leading cause of severe food shortages in developing and underdeveloped countries? not enough seed to plant Correct! drought hot weather cold weather Question 3 1 / 1 pts Floods are the leading cause of severe food shortages in developing and underdeveloped countries. True Correct! False Question 4 1 / 1 pts Malnourishment can cause children to perform poorly in school. Correct! True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts Premature babies who do reach adulthood are more likely to have malnourished children of their own. Correct! True False Question 6 1 / 1 pts Mental illness is a common cause of poverty in the United States. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts Once growth stunting occurs, it is usually permanent. Correct! True False Question 8 1 / 1 pts In developed countries like the United States, the cause of food insecurity is usually Correct! poverty. natural disaster. racial conflict. population overgrowth. Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following puts a person at greater risk of being food insecure? Correct! household is headed by a single woman household is located in the suburbs household has more than one working adult household is located near the center of the city Question 10 1 / 1 pts A situation where there is a report of reduced quality and variety in the diet with little or no indication of change in food intake is an example of high food security. marginal food security. Correct! low food security. very low food security. Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which of the following represents a disease associated with impaired immunity in children? measles malaria pneumonia Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a goiter. True Correct! False Question 13 1 / 1 pts Anyone who has lost large amounts of blood is at risk for cretinism. True Correct! False Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following health issues does NOT directly set the stage for food insecurity? disability substance abuse Correct! mild to moderate obesity chronic illness Question 15 1 / 1 pts Death occurring from diarrhea is primarily due to pneumonia. Correct! dehydration. measles. malaria. Question 16 1 / 1 pts New Zealand, Japan, and Argentina are classified as Correct! developed countries. developing countries. underdeveloped countries. None of these answers is correct. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Malaria is caused by a parasite-infected mosquito. Correct! True False Question 18 1 / 1 pts Infants breast-fed by undernourished mothers are particularly susceptible to undernutrition. Correct! True False Question 19 1 / 1 pts Persons who practice extreme vegetarianism may have deficiencies of vitamin A. Correct! vitamin B12. folic acid. vitamin C. Question 20 1 / 1 pts Measles is no longer a problem in the world. True Correct! False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Food insecurity is a problem faced by poor nations and is largely absent in wealthy, developed nations such as the United States. True Correct! False Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which food assistance program in the United States helps safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children? Food Stamp Program National School Lunch Program Correct! WIC Meals on Wheels Question 23 1 / 1 pts About how many children have become orphaned in the world due to HIV/AIDS? 100,000 250,000 5 million Correct! 13 million Question 24 1 / 1 pts In adults, an iodine deficiency can cause Correct! goiter. cretinism. blindness. pernicious anemia. Question 25 1 / 1 pts What is the largest domestic hunger-relief organization in the United States? Food Stamp Program WIC Correct! Feeding America Summer Food Service Program Question 26 1 / 1 pts A deficiency of iodine results in ________ in children. eye disease macrocytic anemia blindness Correct! cretinism Question 27 1 / 1 pts The "hidden hunger" refers to a deficiency of which of the following nutrients? vitamin A iron iodine Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 28 1 / 1 pts Food security has been identified as a problem in developed nations. developing nations. underdeveloped nations. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 29 1 / 1 pts In prolonged starvation, the greatest amount of deterioration occurs in the brain. the liver. the intestinal tract. Correct! both the liver and the intestinal tract. Question 30 1 / 1 pts The impact of natural disasters is much greater on developed countries than underdeveloped countries. True Correct! False Question 31 1 / 1 pts It is possible to thermally purify the water supply. Correct! True False Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a reason the elderly experience malnutrition? missing teeth disinterest in food depression Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 33 1 / 1 pts Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common among malnourished children. Correct! True False Question 34 1 / 1 pts Effects of chronic hunger include all of the following EXCEPT anemia. Correct! increased growth. impaired immune function. wasting. Question 35 1 / 1 pts Education plays no role in ensuring food security. True Correct! False Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a group at increased risk for undernutrition? infants children Correct! young adults aged adults Question 37 1 / 1 pts The cause of eliminating hunger would be aided by growing all of the following EXCEPT beans. Correct! coffee. fruit. grains. Question 38 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements about growth stunting is FALSE? Correct! It cannot be caused by vitamin deficiencies. It has long term effects on physical work capacity. It has long term negative effects on fertility. It results in decreased weight for age. Question 39 1 / 1 pts The chronic inability to secure adequate amounts of nutritious food to meet one's needs is known as famine. True Correct! False Question 40 1 / 1 pts Political sanctions and armed conflicts at the national level have no bearing on food insecurity at home. True Correct! False Question 41 1 / 1 pts When the temperature of water exceeds ________, it becomes safe to drink. 40 degrees Celsius Correct! 50 degrees Celsius 80 degrees Celsius 100 degrees Celsius Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which of the following may be considered a likely risk for food insecurity? extreme snowfall in Aspen, Colorado increase in birth rate in a developed country loss in World Cup Soccer championship Correct! recent earthquake in Haiti Question 43 1 / 1 pts To be classified as living in poverty in the United States, a family of four must have an income of less than ________. $10,000 Correct! $20,000 $30,000 $35,000 Question 44 1 / 1 pts In general, buying nutritious food at the grocery store has greater value than buying fast food at a drive-through restaurant. Correct! True False Question 45 1 / 1 pts A paradoxical effect of low income/undernourishment is Correct! obesity. blindness. physical disability. Alzheimer's disease. Question 46 1 / 1 pts The World Health Organization estimates that 88 percent of all diarrheal illnesses in the world are due to malaria. vitamin A deficiency. Correct! inadequate water or sanitation. foodborne illness. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Growth stunting can adversely affect fertility. Correct! True False Question 48 1 / 1 pts Food fortification can help alleviate deficiencies of fiber. starch. Correct! micronutrients. water. Question 49 1 / 1 pts Which is the best definition of food insecurity? Correct! chronic inability to satisfy basic food needs the physical need for food not knowing where to shop for food being too depressed to eat Question 50 1 / 1 pts Infants are not a vulnerable group at risk for undernutrition, since they get all their nutrition from the mother. True Correct! False

CH9

Women have more alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomach than men. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Where is the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase found in the body? mouth and throat Correct! stomach and liver intestines and colon gallbladder and kidneys Question 3 1 / 1 pts Individuals who are heavy drinkers have increased incidences of gastritis. Correct! True False Question 4 1 / 1 pts What steps must one take to reverse a fatty liver? consume more vitamin C Correct! stop consuming alcohol drink more fluids eat more dairy Question 5 1 / 1 pts Inhibition of the antidiuretic hormone by alcohol increases urine production and can cause dehydration, as well as electrolyte imbalance. Correct! True False Question 6 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is the second stage of alcohol liver disease? cirrhosis Correct! alcohol hepatitis fatty liver gastritis Question 7 1 / 1 pts The chemical class of substances called "alcohol" includes which of the following? isopropanol ethanol methanol Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 8 1 / 1 pts Which of the areas of your brain is affected first by alcohol? brain stem Correct! cerebral cortex cerebellum All areas are affected at the same time. Question 9 1 / 1 pts In addition to chronic drinking, which lifestyle behavior heightens the risk of esophageal cancer? Correct! smoking cigarettes eating a high-fat diet inactivity obesity Question 10 0 / 1 pts Approximately 30 percent of regular drinkers either abuse or are addicted to alcohol. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which substance consumed during and after alcohol consumption has been shown to cause liver damage in some cases? caffeine endotoxin Correct! acetaminophen ibuprofen Question 12 1 / 1 pts Alcohol tolerance is a phenomenon where the body adjusts to long-term alcohol use by becoming more sensitive to the alcohol. True Correct! False Question 13 1 / 1 pts All of the following are correct about resveratrol EXCEPT that it is a flavonoid. found in red wine. a type of phytochemical. Correct! responsible for hangovers. Question 14 1 / 1 pts The more alcohol you drink, the faster your body will metabolize it. True Correct! False Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about alcohol? Correct! It promotes a good night's sleep. It can increase the risk of osteoporosis. It can increase estrogen levels in women. It is associated with male and female sexual dysfunction. Question 16 1 / 1 pts Fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of mental retardation and birth defects in the United States. Correct! True False Question 17 0 / 1 pts Sam is at a party and is starting to bump into people. His movements are uncoordinated and his vision is blurry. What do you think his blood alcohol level is? 0.01 to 0.05 Correct Answer 0.06 to 0.10 You Answered 0.11 to 0.20 0.31 to 0.40 Question 18 1 / 1 pts Alcohol is primarily metabolized by enzymes found within the small intestines. Enzymes present in the small intestines, most importantly alcohol dehydrogenase, convert the alcohol to acetaldehyde, which is eventually metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. True Correct! False Question 19 1 / 1 pts Routinely drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of protein, zinc, and magnesium, as well as water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins. Correct! True False Question 20 1 / 1 pts Most alcohol is metabolized in the stomach. small intestine. Correct! liver. pancreas. Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which body system is seriously damaged in the fetus when a pregnant woman drinks alcohol? respiratory Correct! nervous gastrointestinal reproductive Question 22 1 / 1 pts Which is NOT correct regarding stage 3 of alcohol liver disease? Correct! It is reversible. Liver cells die. Scar tissue is formed. It is also known as cirrhosis. Question 23 1 / 1 pts Moderate alcohol consumption is no more than ________ alcoholic drink(s) daily for adult women, and no more than ________ drink(s) daily for adult men. 1; 1 2; 3 Correct! 1; 2 1; 3 Question 24 1 / 1 pts Children of alcoholics are no more likely to develop alcohol-related problems than those with parents who do not suffer from alcoholism. True Correct! False Question 25 1 / 1 pts Wine has more health benefits than beer or distilled spirits. True Correct! False Question 26 1 / 1 pts Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption and/or use of protein. zinc. fat-soluble vitamins. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 27 1 / 1 pts In general, time is the only true remedy for hangover symptoms. Correct! True False Question 28 1 / 1 pts The people who gain the health benefits from moderate alcohol consumption are women age 21 and older and men age 18 and older. women age 35 and older and men age 25 and older. Correct! women age 55 and older and men age 45 and older. women and men of all ages. Question 29 1 / 1 pts Binge drinking is the consumption of ________ or more alcoholic drinks by men or ________ or more drinks by women in a very short time. 3; 3 4; 3 Correct! 5; 4 5; 2 Question 30 1 / 1 pts A healthy liver can metabolize about one alcoholic drink in about 1 1/2 to 2 hours. Correct! True False Question 31 1 / 1 pts Too much alcohol can lead to infertility in both males and females. Correct! True False Question 32 1 / 1 pts Compounds in alcohol that enhance flavor but may contribute to hangover symptoms are called resveratrol. alcohol dehydrogenase. Correct! congeners. acetaldehyde. Question 33 1 / 1 pts Endotoxin, released by bacteria in your intestines, can cause the liver to release damaging acetaldehyde. free radicals. Correct! cytokines. congeners. Question 34 1 / 1 pts It is illegal in the United States for adults to drive with a blood alcohol content of 0.04. Correct! 0.08. 0.10. 0.20. Question 35 1 / 1 pts Alcoholism is a chronic disease that can be caused by genetic, psychological, and environmental sources. Correct! True False Question 36 1 / 1 pts The starch from grains provides the sugars fructose and glucose for fermentation and subsequent ethanol production by yeast. True Correct! False Question 37 1 / 1 pts Drinking alcohol while taking ibuprofen can cause liver damage in some cases. True Correct! False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Sue is pregnant and is out with friends who are having cocktails. Sue orders a glass of wine. What are the recommendations regarding alcohol use during pregnancy? Correct! Do not drink at all during pregnancy. Drink only moderately during pregnancy. An occasional drink is perfectly fine in the third trimester. An occasional drink is okay during the first trimester. Question 39 1 / 1 pts Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C. vitamin E. Correct! thiamin. niacin. Question 40 1 / 1 pts Alcohol is absorbed only through the small intestine, along with other nutrients. True Correct! False Question 41 1 / 1 pts What will occur if you consistently add extra calories from alcoholic beverages to a diet that is already meeting your daily calorie needs? You will lose weight because alcohol increases your metabolism. You will remain at the same weight because the calories in alcohol are negligible. Correct! You will gain weight because extra calories turn to fat. It depends on whether it is wine or beer. Question 42 1 / 1 pts A person's BAC level will stop rising once the person is unconscious. True Correct! False Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about binge drinking? It can cause blackouts. It can increase the chance of unprotected sex. Correct! It is a normal part of the college experience. It can be associated with sudden heart attacks. Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which of the following does NOT affect how quickly you absorb and metabolize alcohol? whether you are male or female the amount of food in your stomach Correct! the time of day you drink the amount of alcohol you drink Question 45 1 / 1 pts Wine is made by a process known as distillation. True Correct! False Question 46 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a symptom of alcoholism? craving alcohol an inability to limit intake withdrawal symptoms Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Approximately how many college students die every year from binge drinking? 200 500 1,000 Correct! 1,700 Question 48 1 / 1 pts A blood alcohol level above ________ will often result in death. 0.10 0.20 0.30 Correct! 0.41 Question 49 1 / 1 pts Which of the following can help ease the hangover symptoms? drinking more alcohol mixed with orange juice Correct! only time will make the symptoms go away drinking a mixture of congeners drinking more alcohol Question 50 1 / 1 pts Which substance, released by intestinal bacteria, travels to the liver and initiates further liver damage? Correct! endotoxin free radicals acetaldehyde MEOS

CH13

A common type of virus that causes foodborne illness is the Correct! norovirus. poliovirus. tobacco mosaic virus. cytomegalovirus. Question 2 1 / 1 pts Even the rice that has come into contact with sushi or sashimi can make you sick if you don't keep it refrigerated. Correct! True False Question 3 1 / 1 pts Foodborne illnesses often result in ________ symptoms. neurological Correct! gastrointestinal muscular peripheral Question 4 1 / 1 pts The most common type of bacteria-related diarrhea in the United States is caused by Listeria. E. coli. Salmonella. Correct! Campylobacter. Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which disease is caused by a prion? Correct! bovine spongiform encephalopathy listeriosis botulism hepatitis A Question 6 1 / 1 pts At a temperature of 98.6°F, bacteria can double within 10 minutes. Correct! 30 minutes. 1 hour. 12 hours. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Jan ate some home-canned beans and several hours later experienced double vision and trouble speaking. What illness does she most likely have? hepatitis hemolytic uremic syndrome Correct! botulism mad cow disease Question 8 1 / 1 pts Histamine fish poisoning is also known as scombrotoxic fish poisoning. Correct! True False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) exposes food to pulses of high pressure, which destroys microorganisms. True Correct! False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Bacteria that cause foodborne illness thrive best between 0°F and 100°F. Correct! 40°F and 140°F. 75°F and 175°F. 200°F and 300°F. Question 11 1 / 1 pts There have been five cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the United States. True Correct! False Question 12 1 / 1 pts Which pathogen is responsible for foodborne illness caused by eating raw or undercooked eggs, poultry and meat, raw milk and dairy products? Shigella Clostridium perfringens Correct! Salmonella Listeria monocytogenes Question 13 1 / 1 pts Food cannot be the primary agent of bioterrorism by being contaminated with a biological or chemical toxin. True Correct! False Question 14 1 / 1 pts Food irradiation is a new method of food preservation that has been approved for herbs and spices only. True Correct! False Question 15 1 / 1 pts Waterless, alcohol-based hand gels and handwashing are equally effective before food preparation. True Correct! False Question 16 1 / 1 pts The agency responsible for ensuring safe and accurately labeled meat, poultry, and eggs is the Correct! USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. Food and Drug Administration. Environmental Protection Agency. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which of the following can cause foodborne illness? viruses bacteria parasites Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Which person is most at risk for a foodborne illness? Joe, a 17-year-old college student Sam, a 35-year-old farmer Correct! Bill, who is undergoing cancer treatment Sue, a school teacher Question 19 1 / 1 pts Traveling to which country puts a person at higher risk for traveler's diarrhea? France Correct! Egypt Ireland Bermuda Question 20 1 / 1 pts What is the best way to fight foodborne illness? Check food for microbial contamination using a magnifying glass. Correct! Use proper food handling and storage strategies. Buy only sterilized and irradiated food. Throw away any and all excess and uneaten food. Question 21 1 / 1 pts Melinda went to a petting zoo with her daughter. They held an iguana and touched a turtle. An infection by which pathogen is possible if a thorough hand washing is not done? hepatitis A a prion Shigella Correct! Salmonella Question 22 1 / 1 pts Food irradiation can stop the ripening process in strawberries so they last longer before spoiling. Correct! True False Question 23 0 / 1 pts Meat marinades can be safely served as sauces if they are boiled for several minutes before serving. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 24 1 / 1 pts Individuals can be exposed to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) by eating spinach and lettuce. sushi. Correct! beef. eggs. Question 25 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT recommended for reducing the risk of foodborne illness? Wash sponges at least weekly in the hot water cycle of the washing machine. Correct! Wash all fruits and vegetables in soap or detergent. Dry your hands with a paper towel rather than a dish towel. Keep one board for slicing raw meat and another for nonmeat foods. Question 26 1 / 1 pts Outbreaks of foodborne illness have reduced over the past few years. True Correct! False Question 27 1 / 1 pts Hemolytic uremic syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome can occur after an infection with Shigella. True Correct! False Question 28 1 / 1 pts Sue went to a farmer's market with her fifth-grade class. They were given unpasteurized apple juice, and after 2 days Sue experienced cramps, diarrhea, and kidney failure. Which bacteria is likely the culprit? Campylobacter jejuni Clostridium botulinum Correct! Escherichia coli O157:H7 Clostridium perfringens Question 29 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a reason the elderly are at greater risk of contracting foodborne illnesses? Correct! They eat a greater variety of foods. They have age-related weaker immune systems. They have less gastric juice. They may be deficient in some micronutrients. Question 30 1 / 1 pts What is Guillain-Barré syndrome? a form of diarrhea after consumption of the parasitic roundworm Trichinella spiralis a form of diarrhea transmitted by reptiles Correct! a nerve disease that can occur after contracting a Campylobacter infection a condition that leads to kidney failure Question 31 1 / 1 pts Which of the following would NOT be classified as a pathogen? viruses bacteria parasites Correct! cockroaches Question 32 1 / 1 pts Bacterial spores can be easily destroyed by applying low heat. True Correct! False Question 33 1 / 1 pts What happens to most microbes in the freezer? They die. They grow just as quickly as at room temperature. They grow slowly. Correct! They become dormant but do not die. Question 34 1 / 1 pts Who is at the lowest risk of developing a foodborne illness? an adult suffering from AIDS a healthy school-going child a healthy 75-year-old adult Correct! a healthy college student Question 35 0 / 1 pts Open dating can be found on perishable items such as produce. Correct Answer True You Answered False Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which government agency is involved in regulating pesticides? FDA Correct! EPA USDA All these answers are correct. Question 37 1 / 1 pts Even stored at the proper temperature, leftovers should not remain in the refrigerator longer than 2 days. 3 days. Correct! 4 days. 6 days. Question 38 1 / 1 pts Joe makes a daily protein shake and includes a raw egg in it for extra protein. He is at risk for which foodborne illness? Correct! Salmonella botulism Staphylococcus aureus All these answers are correct. Question 39 1 / 1 pts Traveler's diarrhea is mainly caused by raw shellfish. Correct! drinking stool-contaminated water and foods. hot dogs. sushi. Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which cheese poses a higher risk of listeriosis? Correct! Brie American Parmesan cream cheese Question 41 1 / 1 pts All foods can be safely irradiated. True Correct! False Question 42 1 / 1 pts Eaten in large amounts, cassava can cause cyanide poisoning. Correct! True False Question 43 1 / 1 pts All of the following may contain Salmonella enteritidis EXCEPT cake batter. raw cookie dough. Correct! yogurt. homemade Caesar salad. Question 44 1 / 1 pts Jan wants to eat fewer pesticides on her fruits and vegetables. Which of the following would you recommend? Correct! She should peel her fruits and vegetables when possible. She should avoid fresh fruits and vegetables and only eat canned or frozen. She should wash the fruits in a commercial produce wash and not with tap water. She should cook the vegetables in a pot of water prior to consumption. Question 45 1 / 1 pts Pregnant women are more prone to listeriosis, which can also cause a miscarriage. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts Thoroughly cooking fish and seafood will destroy marine toxins. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts After dinner, Joanne did not put the leftover casserole away until after watching her favorite television show. What is the longest time it should be left out at room temperature? 30 minutes Correct! 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours Question 48 1 / 1 pts Individuals who live in an institutionalized setting such as a nursing home are usually quite safe from the risk of foodborne illness. True Correct! False Question 49 0 / 1 pts Bacteria and viruses can multiply on living and nonliving surfaces. You Answered True Correct Answer False Question 50 1 / 1 pts Cross contamination can occur when raw poultry is cut on the same cutting board as fresh lettuce. Correct! True False

CH14

If a woman is breast-feeding, she cannot get pregnant again. True Correct! False Question 2 1 / 1 pts A cup (8 ounces) of which beverage has the highest caffeine content? chocolate milk brewed tea Correct! drip-brewed coffee a soft drink Question 3 1 / 1 pts How much alcohol per day is considered safe for a pregnant woman to consume? Correct! none 4 oz. 6 oz. 8 oz. Question 4 1 / 1 pts The composition of breast milk constantly changes to suit the infant's needs. Correct! True False Question 5 1 / 1 pts All of the following may contribute to constipation in pregnant women EXCEPT iron in prenatal supplements. inactivity. Correct! plenty of fluids. a low-fiber diet. Question 6 1 / 1 pts Whole milk should not be given to an infant until after 6 months of age. Correct! 1 year of age. 1 1/2 years of age. 2 years of age. Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is NOT true about folic acid? Folic acid can prevent neural tube defects. Women who wish to conceive should consume 400 micrograms of folic acid. Correct! Folic acid helps prevent morning sickness. Folic acid plays a role in the development of new cells. Question 8 1 / 1 pts During pregnancy, a woman's immune system is weakened. Correct! True False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Oxytocin causes milk to be produced in the breast. True Correct! False Question 10 1 / 1 pts A healthy lifestyle of parents-to-be before conception is essential to the health of the fetus. Correct! True False Question 11 1 / 1 pts All of the following are risk factors for gestational diabetes EXCEPT being over 25 years of age. Correct! being underweight. being Hispanic or African American. having a family history of diabetes. Question 12 1 / 1 pts Eclampsia is a major cause of death of women during pregnancy. Correct! True False Question 13 1 / 1 pts Macrosomia occurs when blood pressure rises in a pregnant woman. True Correct! False Question 14 1 / 1 pts The nutrient composition of breast milk remains constant throughout the year. True Correct! False Question 15 1 / 1 pts A man's diet and lifestyle do not affect the likelihood of conception. True Correct! False Question 16 1 / 1 pts Pregnant women who are vegans are at risk for a deficiency of which nutrient? zinc iron B12 Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 17 1 / 1 pts A woman should be tested for gestational diabetes before she is pregnant. during the first trimester. Correct! during the second trimester. during the third trimester. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Malnutrition is a common cause of morning sickness during pregnancy. True Correct! False Question 19 1 / 1 pts Breast-feeding can reduce the risk of hip fractures later in life. Correct! True False Question 20 1 / 1 pts Fertility begins to increase in women starting in their early 30s. True Correct! False Question 21 1 / 1 pts A pregnant woman's protein needs increase by about 35 percent during the second and third trimesters. Correct! True False Question 22 1 / 1 pts It is recommended that an obese woman lose weight during pregnancy. True Correct! False Question 23 1 / 1 pts Symptoms of a food allergy can include vomiting. diarrhea. hives. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 24 1 / 1 pts Women with pica may crave clay. cornstarch. baking soda. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 25 1 / 1 pts All of the following characterize teenage mothers EXCEPT Correct! declining fertility. increased risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension. increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. increased likelihood to skip meals. Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which vitamin can be toxic in excess and increase the risk of birth defects? vitamin C vitamin B6 vitamin D Correct! vitamin A Question 27 1 / 1 pts All of the following are signs of infant readiness for solid foods EXCEPT that the infant swallows correctly. can sit with support. can turn his/her head to indicate fullness. Correct! has the tongue-thrust reflex. Question 28 1 / 1 pts What is macrosomia? Correct! a large baby, weighing more than 8 pounds a type of osteoporosis occurring in a pregnant woman a neural tube defect larger-than-normal hands on a newborn Question 29 1 / 1 pts Jaundice is a yellowish coloring of the skin due to the presence of beta carotene in the blood. True Correct! False Question 30 1 / 1 pts The recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with a normal BMI is 28 to 40 pounds. Correct! 25 to 35 pounds. 15 to 25 pounds. at least 15 pounds. Question 31 1 / 1 pts Adequate intake of which nutrient has been shown to reduce the risk of neural tube birth defects? Correct! folic acid mercury vitamin D vitamin C Question 32 1 / 1 pts Children born to obese women are at greater risk for which of the following? difficulty breathing slower heart rate potential heart defects Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 33 1 / 1 pts Colostrum is rich in antibodies that help protect infants from infections. Correct! True False Question 34 1 / 1 pts Daily exercise during pregnancy can shorten labor time. Correct! True False Question 35 1 / 1 pts Which nutrient does NOT need to be added to an infant's diet? Correct! vitamin C vitamin K vitamin D iron Question 36 1 / 1 pts If a woman takes an iron supplement, which other minerals should she also take to prevent a deficiency? calcium and magnesium Correct! zinc and copper sodium and calcium potassium and chloride Question 37 1 / 1 pts Even though an herbal tea may be labeled "natural," that does not mean it is safe for an infant. Correct! True False Question 38 1 / 1 pts The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Dietetic Association (ADA) recommend that women breast-feed for the first ________ of infancy. 6 weeks 3 months Correct! 6 months 1 year Question 39 1 / 1 pts An organ of common tissue between the mother and the growing embryo is called the umbilical cord. amniotic sac. uterus. Correct! placenta. Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which activity is NOT safe for a pregnant woman? Correct! gymnastics walking swimming low-impact aerobics Question 41 1 / 1 pts Eclampsia in a pregnant woman can be the sign that morning sickness is over. be due to a woman drinking alcohol during her pregnancy. Correct! lead to the death of the woman. be easily treated with vitamin supplements. Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a food that should be avoided by pregnant women? Correct! high-fiber foods unpasteurized soft cheeses raw sprouts sushi and sashimi Question 43 1 / 1 pts Which type of fish should NOT be eaten by a pregnant or nursing woman? salmon Correct! swordfish shrimp catfish Question 44 1 / 1 pts A food allergy is the same as a food intolerance. True Correct! False Question 45 1 / 1 pts Which is NOT correct about morning sickness? Correct! Symptoms of nausea subside by the afternoon. About 80 percent of women experience it. It usually ends by the 20th week of pregnancy. It may be due to increased estrogen. Question 46 1 / 1 pts To alleviate heartburn, a pregnant woman is advised to lie down and relax after eating. True Correct! False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which food should NOT be given to infants, due to the possibility of botulism? skim milk strawberries Correct! honey tuna Question 48 1 / 1 pts Which is a benefit of daily exercise during pregnancy? prevent backaches help relieve constipation shorten labor Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 49 1 / 1 pts Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke can increase the risk of Correct! sudden infant death syndrome. overdue birth. increased infant growth. All these answers are correct. Question 50 1 / 1 pts The following foods are the most common sources of food allergens EXCEPT Correct! bananas. shellfish. tree nuts. wheat.

CH1

Most of the $1.6 billion spent on marketing food products to children and adolescents was spent on promoting healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables. True Correct! False Question 2 1 / 1 pts What percentage of Americans experienced food insecurity? 5 percent 10 percent Correct! 15 percent 20 percent Question 3 1 / 1 pts If a scientist wants to design an experiment to measure the effect of vitamin C on colds, which would be an appropriate placebo? the recommended daily amount of vitamin C half the recommended daily amount of vitamin C Correct! a sugar pill that does not contain vitamin C the recommended daily amount of vitamin D Question 4 1 / 1 pts Which nutrient class supplies glucose as the main source of energy for the body? proteins vitamins Correct! carbohydrates lipids Question 5 1 / 1 pts All of the following are true about supplements, EXCEPT that a well-balanced diet will meet the nutrient needs of many people. Correct! a person who is lactose intolerant would benefit from taking an iron supplement. a pregnant woman would benefit from taking an iron supplement. people with diet restrictions or higher nutrient needs would benefit from supplements. Question 6 1 / 1 pts The macronutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Correct! True False Question 7 1 / 1 pts People who are poor can be overfed in energy nutrients but malnourished in vitamins and minerals. Correct! True False Question 8 1 / 1 pts Macronutrients are so named because they are more important than micronutrients. True Correct! False Question 9 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is/are NOT inorganic? minerals water salts Correct! vitamins Question 10 1 / 1 pts When obtaining information on the Internet, which ending for a URL is probably not as reliable as the others? .gov .edu Correct! .com They are all equally reliable. Question 11 1 / 1 pts The genetic instructions needed to develop and direct the activities of your body are in the proteins found in the body. True Correct! False Question 12 1 / 1 pts According to the proposed Healthy People 2020, Americans' body weights are decreasing. True Correct! False Question 13 1 / 1 pts Which of the following do Americans need to consume more of? oils and vegetables meat and milk meat and whole grains Correct! fruits and vegetables Question 14 1 / 1 pts Which of the following influences the food choices people make? convenience food trends culture Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 15 1 / 1 pts Which nutrient class is used to build body tissues and make enzymes? lipids Correct! proteins vitamins carbohydrates Question 16 1 / 1 pts Which of the following causes of death in the United States is NOT nutrition related? Correct! respiratory diseases diabetes stroke cancer Question 17 1 / 1 pts Which statement is NOT correct regarding the energy nutrients? The amount of calories you need daily is based on your age, gender, and activity level. Correct! Most of your daily calories should come from protein. The energy nutrients are all organic. The energy nutrients include carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Question 18 1 / 1 pts Jane is sitting in the library, cramming for a nutrition test. She has eaten a plate full of brownies and is now ordering a pizza. Which of the following is probably affecting the way Jane is eating? cost advertising culture Correct! emotions Question 19 1 / 1 pts Which is the first step of the scientific method? revise the hypothesis conduct an experiment formulate a hypothesis Correct! observe and ask a question Question 20 1 / 1 pts Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it? vitamins Correct! water minerals protein Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the body? helps maintain body temperature helps transport nutrients and oxygen lubricates your joints Correct! functions as a coenzyme Question 22 1 / 1 pts A well-balanced diet includes all of the following EXCEPT Correct! dietary supplements. a variety of foods. phytochemicals and fiber. essential nutrients. Question 23 1 / 1 pts A quack is a person who promotes products solely to make money, with no regard for the actual effectiveness of the product. Correct! True False Question 24 1 / 1 pts Which of the following leading causes of death is NOT affected by nutrition? heart disease Correct! influenza/pneumonia stroke diabetes Question 25 1 / 1 pts The micronutrients include lipids, vitamins, and minerals. True Correct! False Question 26 1 / 1 pts A public health nutritionist is eligible to take the American Dietetic Association (ADA) exam. True Correct! False Question 27 1 / 1 pts Which of the following are NOT macronutrients? Correct vitamins carbohydrates lipids proteins Question 28 1 / 1 pts Being overweight is the same thing as being obese. True Correct! False Question 29 1 / 1 pts If a study is done on lab animals, the results are not relevant to humans. True Correct! False Question 30 1 / 1 pts It is not a good idea to change your diet based on a single study. Correct! True False Question 31 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is illustrative of food insecurity? A mother chooses foods that can be prepared in 15 minutes or less. A student chooses pizza at a food stand on the way back to his dorm. Correct! A family chooses foods that provide the most calories at the lowest cost. A father starts his day with two cups of coffee every morning. Question 32 1 / 1 pts Which is the correct definition of the term organic? Correct! contains carbon grown in rich soil contains nitrogen contains hydrogen Question 33 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT true about phytochemicals? Correct! They are essential nutrients. They come from plant foods. They may play a role in fighting chronic disease. They are nonnutritive compounds. Question 34 1 / 1 pts Which food is commonly included in Indian meals? corn Correct! lentils mutton fish Question 35 1 / 1 pts All of the following are correct about the typical American diet EXCEPT that it is high in sodium. low in vitamin D. Correct! high in fiber. low in calcium. Question 36 1 / 1 pts Epidemiological research looks at populations of people. Correct! True False Question 37 1 / 1 pts Alcohol is an essential nutrient because it contains energy. True Correct! False Question 38 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT a proposed focus of Healthy People 2020? Correct! Support food industry efforts to obtain favorable health claims on nutrition labels. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Question 39 1 / 1 pts A regular magazine is just as credible as a peer-reviewed journal. True Correct! False Question 40 1 / 1 pts Jim wants to improve his health and would like a professional to help him with his diet. Which of the following would be the best person to help Jim? a trainer at the gym a nutritionist Correct! a registered dietitian his mother Question 41 1 / 1 pts The group given a specific treatment during an experiment is called the control group. Correct! the experimental group. the double-blind group. the blind group. Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which food listed contains phytochemicals? skim milk Correct! carrots eggs salmon Question 43 1 / 1 pts The Human Genome Project determined the complete set and sequence of DNA in human cells. Correct! when you view a nutrition-related website? Where does the information come from? Who pays for the site? How does the site choose links to other sites? Correct! All of these are important questions to ask. Question 45 1 / 1 pts The "gold standard" of research experiments is the double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts A registered dietician has passed an exam administered by the American Dietetic Association. Correct! True False Question 47 1 / 1 pts Which of the following does nutritional genomics study? the protein content of an individual Correct! how certain nutrients affect an individual's gene expression the genetic sequence of an individual's genome the precise amount of micronutrients needed Question 48 1 / 1 pts What percentage of American adults are considered obese? 15 percent 23 percent Correct! 34 percent 42 percent Question 49 1 / 1 pts Minerals are inorganic because they do not contain carbon. Correct! True False Question 50 1 / 1 pts The foods you eat do not affect the expression of genes in your cells. True Correct! False

CH10

It is recommended that overweight individuals lose 4 to 7 pounds per week. True Correct! False Question 2 1 / 1 pts Over time, positive energy balance leads to weight loss. True Correct! False Question 3 1 / 1 pts All of the following cancers are related to obesity EXCEPT colon. Correct! skin. uterus. breast. Question 4 1 / 1 pts A BodPod measures air displacement as a method of calculating blood pressure. True Correct! False Question 5 1 / 1 pts Which hormone is produced in fat tissue that helps regulate body fat by signaling the reduction of food intake in the brain? ghrelin Correct! leptin thyroid hormone cholecystokinin Question 6 1 / 1 pts The fat cells (cellulite) just beneath the skin are comprised of a different type of fat than other fat within the body. True Correct! False Question 7 1 / 1 pts Which of these products has been proven to help promote weight loss? guar gum chitosan bitter orange Correct! None of these answers is correct. Question 8 1 / 1 pts In prolonged fasting, how long does it take for glycogen in your liver to be depleted? 3 to 4 hours 6 to 8 hours Correct! 2 to 3 days 5 to 7 days Question 9 1 / 1 pts Individuals who undergo gastric bypass surgery will experience nutrient deficiencies due to less nutrient absorption. Correct! True False Question 10 1 / 1 pts Subcutaneous fat is more likely to lead to health problems than visceral fat stored around the waist. True Correct! False Question 11 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is NOT correct about eating disorders? Ninety percent occur in women. They are psychological illnesses. Correct! The highest prevalence is among African-American women. They are accompanied by a distorted sense of body image. Question 12 1 / 1 pts A BMI value of ________ is considered healthy. under 18.5 Correct! between 18.5 and 25 between 25 and 30 over 30 Question 13 1 / 1 pts One of the easiest ways to assess if you are at a healthy weight is to compare yourself to your friends. weigh yourself. look in the mirror. Correct! determine your BMI. Question 14 1 / 1 pts About 20 percent of your daily energy needs is determined by your BMR. True Correct! False Question 15 1 / 1 pts A person in negative energy balance can expect to lose weight. Correct! True False Question 16 1 / 1 pts Marta heard that a hormone is released when the stomach is distended that conveys the feeling of satiety to the brain. Which hormone is it? insulin glucagon Correct! cholecystokinin leptin Question 17 1 / 1 pts All of the following are diagnostic criteria of bulimia nervosa EXCEPT overuse of laxatives and diuretics. self-induced vomiting. excessive exercise. Correct! excessive caloric restriction. Question 18 1 / 1 pts The basal metabolism rate (BMR) decreases 1 to 2 percent per decade for adults. Correct! True False Question 19 1 / 1 pts A BMI of 30 is considered healthy. True Correct! False Question 20 1 / 1 pts If you purchase a large package of potato chips instead of a small bag, it doesn't usually change the amount you actually eat. True Correct! False Question 21 1 / 1 pts Which of the following nutritious foods is the most energy dense? 1 oz cooked chicken breast Correct! 1 cup of granola 1 cup of mashed potatoes 1 tbsp of real mayonnaise Question 22 1 / 1 pts Before a woman ovulates, her BMR tends to increase. True Correct! False Question 23 1 / 1 pts How many calories does unsaturated fat provide? 4 calories per gram 7 calories per gram Correct! 9 calories per gram 11 calories per gram Question 24 1 / 1 pts Leptin is a hormone made in the stomach that increases hunger. True Correct! False Question 25 1 / 1 pts The environment may be one of the biggest culprits in the current obesity epidemic. Correct! True False Question 26 1 / 1 pts Which of these can lower one's basal metabolic rate? ephedrine stress caffeine Correct! starvation Question 27 1 / 1 pts If you walk about 10,000 steps daily, approximately how many miles do you walk per day? 1 3 Correct! 5 7 Question 28 1 / 1 pts Dining at home is associated with a higher BMI. True Correct! False Question 29 1 / 1 pts Jill weighs 150 pounds, but according to her BMI, she should weigh 110 pounds. Jill is classified as normal weight. overweight. Correct! obese. underweight. Question 30 1 / 1 pts Which activity burns the most calories per hour? walking 3.5 miles per hour bicycling less than 10 miles per hour Correct! swimming slow freestyle laps stretching Question 31 1 / 1 pts Which method of assessing body fat percentage measures air displacement from a chamber? dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bioelectrical impedance underwater weighing Correct! BodPod Question 32 1 / 1 pts The factor that most affects your BMR is how many calories you eat. how active you are. Correct! how much lean body mass you have. how many hours you sleep each night. Question 33 1 / 1 pts Underwater weighing to measure percentage of body fat is based on the fact that fat is less dense than muscle. Correct! True False Question 34 1 / 1 pts About 50 to 70 percent of your daily energy needs is determined by physical activity. the thermic effect of food. Correct! your basal metabolic rate. both physical activity and the thermic effect of food. Question 35 1 / 1 pts David thinks he is overweight and calculated his BMI to be 20. David should interpret this value as his being overweight. underweight. Correct! at a healthy weight. obese. Question 36 1 / 1 pts Which of the following contributes to the growing obesity epidemic? People are less active. Portion sizes are too large. People eat too many ready-to-eat foods prepared outside the home. Correct! All these answers are correct. Question 37 1 / 1 pts A suppressed appetite due to gastric bypass surgery is thought to be caused by which of the following? Correct! Individuals who have had the surgery have a smaller stomach pouch and thus produce less ghrelin. Bypassing the small intestine results in higher levels of leptin secretion. Lower levels of intrinsic factor are produced in the stomach. Bypass surgery renders normally eaten foods unpalatable. Question 38 1 / 1 pts Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding dieting and/or weight-loss diets? Consuming modest portions of any food is beneficial. They are designed to reduce calorie intake. Correct! Carbohydrates are the main cause for weight gain. Americans spend more than $30 billion annually on weight-loss programs. Question 39 1 / 1 pts Binge eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge eating disorder involves Correct! recurrent binging but not purging. side effects such as scar tissue on the knuckles. abuse of laxatives. abuse of diet pills. Question 40 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is a cosmetic procedure and not a way to lose weight? gastric banding Correct! liposuction gastric bypass sibutramine Question 41 1 / 1 pts An overweight person weighs 10 to 15 pounds more than his or her healthy weight. Correct! True False Question 42 1 / 1 pts Which surgery involves stapling the majority of the stomach shut? liposuction gastric banding Correct! gastric bypass hernia Question 43 1 / 1 pts What is lanugo? Correct! very fine, soft hair on the face and arms of people with anorexia nervosa a sudden drop in blood pressure from excessive dieting a side effect of liposuction surgery a supplement claimed to increase metabolism Question 44 1 / 1 pts Which method of assessing body fat percentage involves an electric current flowing through the body? underwater weighing Correct! bioelectrical impedance dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry skinfold thickness Question 45 1 / 1 pts African Americans have BMRs that are about 10 percent lower than that of Caucasians. Correct! True False Question 46 1 / 1 pts The type of fat that is stored in the abdominal region is called subcutaneous fat. Correct! visceral fat. central fat. gynoid fat. Question 47 1 / 1 pts Weight loss during a low-carbohydrate diet is primarily due to what? Correct! water loss fat loss protein loss None of these answers is correct. Question 48 1 / 1 pts Cholecystokinin is a hormone released when the stomach is distended. Correct! True False Question 49 1 / 1 pts Of all the dietary substances that increase satiety, which of these will have the most dramatic effect? Correct! protein artificial sweeteners vitamins sugar Question 50 1 / 1 pts Nonexercise-associated thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure that occurs during fidgeting, standing, and chewing gum. Correct! True False