idk what chapter

The _ rule allows us to find the probability of the union of two events.

addition

If an experiment is selecting a card from a deck of cards, then the sample space is the red cards in the deck. the face cards in the deck. the aces in the deck. all the cards in the deck.

all the cards in the deck.

Subjective probability

based on personal judgment rather than on observation or logical analysis ( Is calculated by drawing on personal and subjective judgement )

_ probabilities are often used in games of chance.

classical

For any given event, the probability of that event and the probability of the _ of the event must sum to one.

complement

For hotels in New York City, a travel web site wants to provide information comparing hotel costs (high, average, low) versus the quality ranking of the hotel (excellent, good, fair, poor). A useful way to summarize these data is to construct a(n) ogive contingency table. histogram. frequency distribution.

contingency table

Events that cannot both occur on the same trial of an experiment are mutually _ events.

exclusive

Mutually exclusive events -contain all possible outcomes of the experiment. -do not share common outcomes of the experiment. -may share common outcomes of the experiment. -do not contain all outcomes of the experiment.

-do not share common outcomes of the experiment.

Empirical probability

A probability based on observing the relative frequency with which an event occurs. ( is calculated as a relative frequency of occurrence ) (you need prior knowledge or data)

Classical probability

A probability often used in games of chance. It is based on the assumption that all outcomes are equally likely. ( is based on a logical analysis rather a than an observation or personal judgement) (Classical probabilities are probabilities of well-defined problems where they can be logically deduced.)

The conditional probability of A given B is calculated by dividing the probability of intersection of A and B by the probability of .

B

Select all that apply Which of the following events are mutually exclusive? Passing a statistics test and passing an English test. Being on time and being late for an appointment. Receiving an 'A' and receiving a 'B+' as a final grade in an Accounting class. Being of German descent and being of Mexican descent.

Being on time and being late for an appointment. Receiving an 'A' and receiving a 'B+' as a final grade in an Accounting class.

The complement rule with respect to event A is... P(AC) = P(A) - 1 P(A) = P(A∩B)P(AC)P(A∩B)P(AC) P(A) = P(AC) + P(B) - P(A∩B) P(AC) = 1 - P(A)

P(AC) = 1 - P(A)

For two events A and B, the multiplication rule is... P(A∪B) = P(A|B) × P(A). P(A∪B) = P(A|B) × P(B). P(A∩B) = P(A|B) × P(A). P(A∩B) = P(A|B) × P(B).

P(A∩B) = P(A|B) × P(B).

Assume the sample space S = {win, loss}. Which numbers define valid probabilities? P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.2 P({win}) = 1.0, P({loss}) = -1.0 P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.3 P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.1

P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.2

If an event is getting a letter grade of A in your statistics class, what is the complement of receiving an A? Receiving any grade except an A. Receiving a C or higher. Receiving a grade of D or lower. Receiving an F.

Receiving any grade except an A.

A sample space, denoted by

S

Conditional probability

The probability of an event given that another event has already occurred.

Joint Probability

The values in the interior of a joint probability table, representing the probabilities of the intersection of two events.

True or false: When constructing a joint probability table, the cell in the lower right corner must always equal 1.0. True False

True

P(A ∩ B) is known as a _ probability.

joint

Sample Space

list of all possible outcomes

Probability values range from...

zero to one

Which of the following is NOT an example of an experiment? -Ask someone who he or she thinks will win the baseball World Series. -Select a single card from a deck of cards. -Determine a historical fact such as the name of the U.S. President in the year 1856. -Record the number of computers sold next month at a computer store.

-Determine a historical fact such as the name of the U.S. President in the year 1856.

To calculate the probability of the union of two mutually exclusive events A and B, -we add the probability of A to the probability of B, and then subtract the complement of B. -we add the probability of A to the probability of B, and then subtract the (nonzero) probability of the intersection of A and B. -we add the probability of A to the probability of B. -we add the probability of A to the probability of B, and then subtract the complement of A.

-we add the probability of A to the probability of B.

For mutually exclusive events A and B, the joint probability is .

0

The sum of the probabilities of any list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events equals

1

With probability, a value of one indicates a(n) _ event.

definite

On any given day, he probability that Murali goes to the coffee shop is 0.70. The probability that Connie goes to the coffee shop is 0.40. If Murali goes to the coffee shop, the probability that Connie goes to the coffee shop is 0.48. The events "Murali goes to the coffee shop" and "Connie goes to the coffee shop" are dependent. mutually exclusive. independent.

dependent

A subset of the sample space is called a/an

event

Using the multiplication rule, the probability that event A and event B both occur is computed by multiplying the conditional probability of event A given event B by the probability of... event A event B the union of event A and event B. event B given event A.

event B

A trial, or process, that produces several possible outcomes is referred to as a(n) ______. conditional probability Sharpe ratio experiment population

experiment

The probability that State College wins a football game is 0.60. The probability that University of State wins a football game is 0.65. Given that State College wins its football game, the probability that University of State wins its game is 0.65. The teams are not playing each other this week. The events that State College wins this week and University of State wins this week are dependent. independent. mutually exclusive.

independent

P(A ∩ B) = P(A|B)P(B) is referred to as the _ rule for probabilities.

multiple

Events are _ _ if they do not share any common outcome of an experiment.

mutually exclusive

How many outcomes of an experiment constitute a simple event? One More than one Two None

one

A _ _ of an experiment contains all possible outcomes of the experiment.

sample space

The addition rule is used to calculate...

the union of two events.

In order to convert a contingency table into a joint probability table, the frequency of each cell is divided by the -total number of outcomes in the respective row in which the cell is located. -total number of outcomes in the respective column in which the cell is located. -total number of outcomes in the sample space.

total number of outcomes in the sample space.

Contingency tables are useful to analyze -three categorical variables. -any number of categorical variables. -one categorical variable. -two categorical variables.

two categorical variables.

Marginal probabilities are also known as _ probabilities.

unconditional

A diagram of events and the sample space is called a _ diagram.

venn

A softball coach believes that Laurie has a 0.5 probability of getting a hit against a particular pitcher that Laurie has never batted against before. This type of probability is BEST characterized as a(n): empirical probability. correlated probability. subjective probability. classical probability.

subjective