ids xc quiz
Match the following tick types with their correct descriptions: 1. Ticks with a scutum ("plate"), feed for long periods, and often transmit diseases over several days. Ixodidae (hard ticks) 2. Ticks without a scutum, feed quickly, and typically inhabit nests or burrows of their hosts. A. Ixodidae (hard ticks) B. Argasidae (soft ticks)
1 - A 2 - B
Match the term or phrase with its corresponding description: 1. Tsetse fly (Glossinia spp. ) 2. Sleeping sickness 3. gambiense-HAT (gHAT) 4. "One Health" concept A. Vector responsible for transmitting trypanosomes. B. An integrated strategy to control pests of veterinary importance, such as those involved in transmitting zoonotic agents like rhodesiense-HAT (rHAT). C. Also known as Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). D. A form of trypanosomiasis where the long duration of infection is sustained through a human-fly-human transmission cycle.
1 - A 2 - C 3 - D 4 - B
Match the following descriptions with the correct transmission cycle: 1. Mosquitoes transmit diseases primarily between humans and domestic animals in cities. 2. Wild animals, such as primates or rodents, serve as the reservoirs for diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. 3. Mosquitoes pick up pathogens from infected humans and continue to spread it to other humans in densely populated areas. 4. The transmission occurs in remote areas or forests where wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining the disease cycle. A. Sylvatic cycle B. Urban cycle
1 - B 2 - A 3 - B 4 - A
From the article, "Vector-transmitted disease vaccines: targeting salivary proteins in transmission (SPIT)," match each term with its description related to the vector-host interaction: 1. Hematophagous 2. Sialome 3. Erythema 4. Hypersensitivity A. Repertoire of salivary molecules B. Feeds on blood C. Redness of the skin D. Exaggerated immune response upon re-exposure
1 - B 2 - A 3 - C 4 - D
Match to the correct definition to the type of vaccine: 1. Uses a weakened form of the disease-causing pathogen 2. Made from pathogens killed through heat, radiation, or chemical processes 3. Does not contain live components of the pathogen but contain only the antigenic parts of the pathogen that are necessary to elicit a protective immune response 4. Make proteins to trigger an immune response A. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine B. Live-attenuated vaccine C. Inactivated vaccine D. Polysaccharide vaccine
1 - B 2 - C 3 - D 4 - A
Match the vector-borne disease with its military impact: 1. Malaria 2. Dengue 3. Leishmaniasis A. Up to 2,500 cutaneous outbreaks among U.S. troops in Iraq from 2003-2004. B. Virus affected nearly 90,000 soldiers in the Pacific during World War II. C. Threatened military operations in Vietnam due to chloroquine resistance.
1 - C 2 - B 3 - A
Match each of the following factors with its influence on mosquito-borne disease transmission: 1. Vectorial Capacity 2. Temperature Changes 3. Water Retention Systems 4. Human Migration A. Affects the development speed of mosquitoes and incubation periods of diseases. B. Creates stagnant water pools, increasing mosquito breeding sites. C. Moves infected individuals into new areas, facilitating disease spread. D. Measures the efficiency of disease transmission by a vector, considering population and breeding rates.
1D 2A 3B 4C
Parasitic organisms possess on their external surfaces and elsewhere that may evoke immune responses in the host that allow the host to avoid overt disease or help to shorten the course and severity of disease. Cry proteins Viruses Antibodies Antigens
Antigens
Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is transmitted by . Black flies Body lice White flies Tsetse flies
Black flies
Which of the following diseases is NOT one of the top forty arthropod-borne diseases that are of military importance? Rift Valley Fever Brucellosis Dengue Malaria
Brucellosis
___ is the most common form of plague, and affects the lymph nodes. Septicaemic plague Ancient plague Pneumonic plague Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague
What is the most common flea encountered in and around homes? Human flea Oriental rat flea Cat flea Dog flea
Cat flea
Which of the following diseases is not vectored by a mosquito? Yellow fever Chagas disease West Nile encephalitis Dengue fever
Chagas disease
__is also referred to as American trypanosomiasis. Leishmaniasis Chagas disease Bartonellosis Nagana
Chagas disease
Larval trombiculid mites transmit scrub typhus. These larval trombiculid mites are popularly known as . Nymphs Mitelid Chiggers Mitosis
Chiggers
Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between complete and incomplete metamorphosis in insects? Complete metamorphosis involves the insect developing through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, while incomplete metamorphosis involves egg, nymph, and adult stages. Complete metamorphosis involves only two life stages, while incomplete metamorphosis involves four life stages. In incomplete metamorphosis, insects have a pupa stage where the organism completely transforms. Insects with incomplete metamorphosis do not transmit any diseases during their nymphal stage.
Complete metamorphosis involves the insect developing through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, while incomplete metamorphosis involves egg, nymph, and adult stages.
__ resistance occurs when insects that exhibit resistance to one insecticide are also resistant to other insecticides with the same mode of action. Mosaic Active Cross Multiple
Cross
Which of the following flea-vectored diseases is caused by a tapeworm? Dipylidium infection Murine typhus Cat scratch disease Plague
Dipylidium infection
Which of the following is NOT transmitted by mosquitoes? Chikungunya Malaria Ehrlichiosis Yellow fever
Ehrlichiosis
Which of the following is NOT transmitted by ticks? Elephantiasis Tularemia Rocky mountain spotted fever Babesiosis
Elephantiasis
Which of the following are potential benefits of using genetically modified insects in vector control? (Select all that apply) Enhanced accessibility and protection for populations across socioeconomic statuses Long-term elimination of all insect species in an area Reduction of pesticide use and toxic environmental residues Specificity to target only harmful pest species
Enhanced accessibility and protection for populations across socioeconomic statuses Reduction of pesticide use and toxic environmental residues Specificity to target only harmful pest species
___ is the number of infectious bites received per person per day in a given area. Entomological inoculation rate Biting rate Vectorial biting rate Vector competence rate
Entomological inoculation rate
The fear of insects is known as [Entomophobia / Phobophobia / Ornithophobia / Arachnophobia]
Entomophobia
_____ is the time from when an arthropod ingests an infected blood-meal until it becomes infective to other vertebrate hosts. Biological transmission period Extrinsic incubation period Mechanical transmission period Intrinsic incubation period
Extrinsic incubation period
All blood-feeding arthropods are always vectors of disease agents. (T/F)
False
In mechanical transmission, the pathogen reproduces within the vector, while in biological transmission, there is no reproduction within the vector the vector just transports the pathogen on its body parts. (T/F)
False
Male mosquitoes take on blood meals from vertebrates to obtain the necessary nutrition to produce their eggs. (T/F)
False
Mosquitoes transmit pathogens to vertebrate hosts by injecting saliva into the host during blood feeding.(T/F)
False
What are common ways that protozoan parasites can be transmitted mechanically by synanthropic insects? (Select all that apply) Fecal deposition Dislodgement from the exoskeleton Regurgitation, i.e., vomit Airborne transmission over long distances
Fecal deposition Dislodgement from the exoskeleton
Of the three ways of managing insecticide resistance in public health, the one that involves spatially separated applications of different compounds against the same insect is . None of the listed Fine-scale mosaic Mixtures Rotations
Fine-scale mosaic
Murine typhus or endemic typhus is transmitted by . Ticks Mosquitoes Fleas Sand flies
Fleas
Examples of ectoparasites include (select all that apply): Plasmodium protozoans Tapeworms Fleas Ticks
Fleas Ticks
Mosquitoes have _______ life stages which are: Three; egg, larva, adult Three; egg, nymph, adult Four; egg, larva, pupa, adult Four; egg, larva, nymph, adult
Four; egg, larva, pupa, adult
Which of the following is of negligible importance when it comes to zoonoses? Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Fungi
Fungi
Which of the following is NOT a hematophagous arthropod? Louse Housefly Tick Mosquito
Housefly
Which of the following are key concerns raised by the article, "Global Trends in the Use of Insecticides to Control Vector-Borne Diseases," regarding the use of insecticides in vector control? (Select all that apply.) Human health risks Development of insecticide resistance Environmental persistence of insecticides Decreased agricultural yield
Human health risks Development of insecticide resistance Environmental persistence of insecticides
What is a key feature of the One Health approach to managing tick-borne diseases? Integrating human, animal, and environmental health Eradicating all tick species Using antibiotics as the primary method of control Focusing only on human health
Integrating human, animal, and environmental health
Which of the following is NOT true of transmission blocking vaccine candidates? It should result in exaggerated immune responses in humans. It should provide high antibody titer upon injection into humans to block pathogen transmission from vectors. It should be compatible with different adjuvants to effectively induce immune responses in humans. It should be critical for vector-pathogen interaction.
It should result in exaggerated immune responses in humans.
The term refers to the lethal dosage of a substance that kills 50% of a population within a specified time period.
LD50
Which life stages of ticks and mites are involved in disease transmission? Larva, nymph, and adults All stages (egg, larva, nymph, and adult) Larva only Egg only
Larva, nymph, and adults
Which of the following is one of the unit protection measures in the military? Larviciding Proper use of uniforms Application of permethrin to battledress uniforms Use of impregnated bed nets
Larviciding
Sandflies transmit , a parasitic infection that commonly causes ulcers on the skin. African sleeping sickness River blindness Leishmaniasis Chagas disease
Leishmaniasis
Which of the following is useful for sampling flying insects? None of the listed Light traps Dippers Ovitraps
Light traps
Which of these diseases is reported to have had the biggest impact on human history? Lymphatic filariasis Zika virus Malaria Lyme disease
Malaria
__ is the invasion and feeding on living or dead tissue and fluid of humans or animals by dipteran (fly) larva. Myiasis Anaphylaxis Envenomization Cleptoparasitosis
Myiasis
From the reading, "Vector-Borne Diseases of Public Health Importance for Personnel on Military Installations in the United States," what are two factors that make military personnel more susceptible to vector-borne diseases (VBDs)? Occupational-specific exposures Lack of access to medical care Poor hygiene during missions Increased contact with vectors during outdoor field training
Occupational-specific exposures Increased contact with vectors during outdoor field training
Which of the following is useful for sampling mosquito eggs? Sticky trap Ovitrap Light traps None of the listed
Ovitrap
Plague does not match the so-called "big three" diseases (malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis) in numbers of current cases, but we must watch out for it. Which of the following reasons justify the need to remain vigilant about the plague today? (Select all that apply.) Plague is easily contained and poses no risk of spreading. Plague is no longer found in wildlife reservoirs, making it less of a threat. Plague has a high mortality rate if not treated promptly. Plague can spread rapidly under favorable conditions, particularly via pneumonic transmission.
Plague has a high mortality rate if not treated promptly. Plague can spread rapidly under favorable conditions, particularly via pneumonic transmission.
___ aims to reduce the ability of target vectors to transmit specified pathogens (through a gene drive), with any reduction in the total number of vectors being incidental. Population replacement strategy Self-limiting strategy Self-sustaining strategy Population suppression strategy
Population replacement strategy
The intermediate vector host in the Black Death (bubonic plague) pandemic was [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (bacterium) /Yersinia pestis (bacterium) / Rattus rattus (black rat) / Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick)]
Rattus rattus
___ vaccines do not contain live components of the pathogen but contain only the antigenic parts of the pathogen that are necessary to elicit a protective immune response Inactivated Recombinant Live Messenger RNA
Recombinant
African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT), vectored by tsetse flies, is also known as . River blindness Chagas disease Nagana Chikungunya
River blindness Nagana
Which of the following is a disease-transmitting arthropod but is not an insect? Tick Mosquito Housefly Flea
Tick
Which of the following is NOT caused by a bacteria? Plague Murine typhus Lyme disease Tick-borne encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
__ vaccines are administered to the vertebrate host to induce immune responses that will later block pathogen development in the arthropod vector during or after blood-feeding. Messenger RNA Live Toxoid Transmission blocking
Transmission blocking
Match the terms with the definition: Transovarian transmission Transtadial transmission Pathogen is transmitted from parent to offspring Pathogen is transmitted from one vector life stage to the next
Transovarian - parent / offspring Transtadial - one life stage / next
Chagas disease is transmitted by . Sand flies Tsetse flies Ticks Triatomine bugs
Triatomine bugs
From the class readings, much of the mortality of malaria in endemic areas is concentrated among children under the age of five. [T/F]
True
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the US. (T/F)
True
Which of the following is one of the personal protection measures in the military? Larviciding Aerial spraying Use of impregnated bed nets Base camp selection
Use of impregnated bed nets
The ability of arthropods to acquire, maintain, and transmit microbial agents is ______________. None of the listed Extrinsic ability Intrinsic ability Vector competence
Vector competence
__ is the ability of arthropods to acquire, maintain, and transmit microbial agents. Vector susceptibility Vector hostility Vector virulence Vector competence
Vector competence
Which of the following combinations is true of a disease cycle? Virulent pathogen, resistant host, competent vector in a favorable environment Avirulent pathogen, susceptible host, competent vector in a favorable environment Avirulent pathogen, resistant host, competent vector in a favorable environment Virulent pathogen, susceptible host, competent vector in a favorable environment
Virulent pathogen, susceptible host, competent vector in a favorable environment
From the reading, "Plague: Past, Present, and Future," which of the following factors have been associated with the emergence or spread of plague? (Select all that apply) War and political instability The discovery of penicillin Climate change Urbanization
War and political instability Climate change Urbanization
The causative organism of plague is a bacterium called . Plasmodium falciparum Yersinia pestis Wuchereria bancrofti Borrelia lonestari
Yersinia pestis
Which of the following diseases does NOT have a licensed vaccine? Yellow fever virus Zika Malaria Dengue virus
Zika
Which of these diseases is NOT transmitted by fleas? Tapeworm Murine typhus Zika virus Cat scratch disease
Zika virus
The three main genera of mosquitoes known to cause diseases in humans are ___, ___, and ___.
aedes anopheles culex
Yellow fever virus is transmitted by the mosquito [culex pipiens / aedes aegypti / anopheles gambiae / culex quinquefasciatus]
aedes aegypti
What is the arthropod vector for yellow fever?
aedes aegypti mosquito
Which of the following are factors that contribute to the success of insects? (select all that apply) Small size Exoskeletons Metamorphosis High reproductive potential Adaptability to different environmental conditions
all of the above
Which of the following measures contributed to the decline of malaria in South Carolina? (Select all that apply.) -Widespread use of the pesticide DDT -Mosquito netting used over beds -Use of quinine medication -Draining of swamps and wetlands
all of the above
Which of the following statements are true of DDT? (Select all that apply.) It is a broad-spectrum nerve poison. It is banned in the United States, but still used by many countries for malaria control. It is a synthetic insecticide. It is very persistent in the environment.
all of the above
What is the arthropod vector for malaria?
anopheles mosquito
All arthropods have 3 pairs of legs (t/f)
false
Both male and female sand flies blood-feed (t/f)
false
Malaria has been eradicated from the United States. There are also no mosquitoes that can potentially vector the malaria disease in the United States. (t/f)
false
Military institutes do not engage in research to investigate disease threat and develop effective countermeasures to protect and sustain US troops. (t/f)
false
Sialome is a set of proteins and mRNA expressed in thereproductive glands of arthropods. (t/f)
false
The application of genetically-modified Aedes aegyptimosquitoes will be targeted at the control of malaria. (t/f)
false
The sterile insect technique introduces non-native species into an ecosystem. (t/f)
false
Virulence refers to a host's ability to prevent infection and disease while resistance refers to a pathogen's ability to produce disease. (t/f)
false
What is the arthropod vector for plague?
fleas
What is the arthropod vector for lyme disease?
ixodes tick
The invasion and feeding on living or dead tissue and fluid of humans or animals by fly larva is known as [Cleptoparasitosis / Encapsulation / Envenomization / Myasis]
myasis
African animal trypanosomiasis is also known as . Chagas disease Nagana Leishmaniasis Chikungunya
nagana
n enzootic transmission cycle refers to the continuous transmission of a pathogen between wildlife reservoirs and arthropod vectors. An example of an arthropod-borne disease that has an enzootic transmission cycle is ___. The arthropod vector responsible for transmitting this disease is ___, and the enzootic host involved in maintaining the pathogen in nature is ___.
plague fleas squirrels
Four species of protozoa in the genus [borrelia / ehrilichia / plasmodium / wuchereria] cause human malaria.
plasmodium
Match the following host terms with their defined role in a pathogen life cycle: - primary host, intermediate host, accidental/incidental/dead-end host, reservoir host - maintains a pathogen when active transmission does not occur, but shows no ill effect; harbors the pathogen with ill effects, but is too low for vector to become infective; host in which a pathogen reaches sexual maturity; supports immature or non-reproductive forms of a pathogen
primary host - sexual maturity intermediate host - immature/nonreproductive a/i/de host - ill effects but not infective reservoir - maintains without ill effect
Lyme disease spirochetes can be acquired by larval ticks and passed to the nymphal stage before transmission to vertebrates. This is known as _________________ transmission. Transstadial transmission Transgenerational transmission
transstadial
According to the reading "The History of Arthropod-Borne Human Diseases in South Carolina", Several Old World arthropod-borne diseases, such as African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), were brought many times to the slave ports of the New World, but the lack of competent vectors and other factors precluded their establishment. [True/false]
true
Antigenic variation is one of the challenges of vaccine development. (t/f)
true
Biological disease transmission is a more efficient mechanism of transmission of diseases by arthropods than mechanical disease transmission. (t/f)
true
Both adult male and female fleas are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of mammals and birds. (t/f)
true
In unidirectional incompatible insect technique, mating infected males and uninfected females result in cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). (t/f)
true
Pathogens harbored in the gut of ticks may migrate to their salivary glands and then are transmitted to the host. (t/f)
true
Ticks can transmit diseases both transovarially (from parent to offspring) and transstadially (from one developmental stage to the next). (T/f)
true
Ticks can use vibrations to find their host (t/f)
true
Tsetse flies are only found in sub-Saharan Africa. (t/f)
true
A pathogen's ability to produce disease is known as ________________. Virulence Envenomization Myasis Resistance
virulence
