Immune EAQ

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 1. Prevents reproduction of the pathogen 2. Inhibits cell wall synthesis of the pathogen 3. Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis of the pathogen 4. Injures the cytoplasmic membrane of the pathogen

Penicillin is an antimicrobial medication that inhibits cell wall synthesis of the susceptible pathogen. Gentamicin is an antimicrobial medication that prevents the reproduction of the susceptible pathogen. Actinomycin is an antimicrobial medication that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis of the susceptible pathogen. Antifungal agents injure the cytoplasmic membrane of the susceptible pathogen.

Which organism causes smallpox? 1. Variola virus 2. Yersinia pestis 3. Bacillus anthracis 4. Clostridium botulinum

Smallpox is an infectious disease caused by the Variola virus . Yersinia pestis causes plague. Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism.

The echoviruses can cause which diseases in clients? Select all that apply. 1. Parotitis 2. Gastroenteritis 3. Mononucleosis 4. Aseptic meningitis 5. Burkitt's lymphoma .

Echoviruses cause gastroenteritis and aseptic meningitis. Parotitis is caused by mumps. Burkitt's lymphoma and mononucleosis are caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

Which conditions result in humoral immunity? Select all that apply. 1. Tuberculosis 2. Atopic diseases 3. Bacterial infection 4. Anaphylactic shock 5. Contact dermatitis

Atopic diseases, bacterial infections, and anaphylactic shock are disease conditions that trigger humoral immunity. Tuberculosis and contact dermatitis result in cell-mediated immunity.

What is the function of IgG in the body? 1. Activates the degranulation of mast cells 2. Activates the classic complement pathway 3. Prevents upper respiratory tract infections 4. Prevents lower respiratory tract infections

The classic complement pathway is activated by the IgG and IgM antibodies. IgE antibodies cause a degranulation of mast cells. IgA antibodies are found largely in mucous membrane secretions and play an important role in preventing upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

For which illness should airborne precautions be implemented? 1. Influenza 2. Chickenpox 3. Pneumonia 4. Respiratory syncytial virus

Chickenpox is known or suspected to be transmitted by air. Diseases that are known or suspected to be transmitted by droplet include influenza and pneumonia. A disease that is known or suspected to be transmitted by direct contact is respiratory syncytial virus. Test-Taking Tip: Identifying content and what is being asked about that content is critical to your choosing the correct response. Be alert for words in the stem of the item that are the same or similar in nature to those in one or two of the options.

Which cells are affected in DiGeorge syndrome? 1. T-cells 2. B-cells 3. Monocytes 4. Polymorphonuclear cells

DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immune deficiency disorder in which T-cells are affected. The B-cells are affected in Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia; common variable hypogammaglobulinemia; and selective IgA, IgM, and IgG deficiency. Monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells are affected in chronic granulomatous disease and Job syndrome.

Which drug can be administered via the intramuscular route to treat anaphylaxis? 1. Epinephrine 2. Methdilazine 3. Phenylephrine 4. Mycophenolate mofetil

Epinephrine is administered through the intramuscular route to treat anaphylaxis. Methdilazine is administered to treat allergic reactions and pruritus. Phenylephrine is administered orally, not intramuscularly, to treat anaphylaxis. Mycophenolate mofetil is administered intravenously as an immunosuppressant agent.

Which type of hepatitis virus spreads through contaminated food and water? 1. Hepatitis A virus 2. Hepatitis B virus 3. Hepatitis C virus 4. Hepatitis D virus

Hepatitis A virus spreads through contaminated food and water. Hepatitis B, C, and D viruses spread through contaminated needles, syringes, and blood products. Test-Taking Tip: You have at least a 25 percent chance of selecting the correct response in multiple-choice items. If you are uncertain about a question, eliminate the choices that you believe are wrong and then call on your knowledge, skills, and abilities to choose from the remaining responses.

Which are examples of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? Select all that apply. 1. Poison ivy allergic reaction 2. Sarcoidosis 3. Myasthenia gravis 4. Rheumatoid arthritis 5. Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sarcoidosis and poison ivy reactions are examples of type IV hypersensitivity reactions. In type IV hypersensitivity, the inflammation is caused by a reaction of sensitized T cells with the antigen and the resultant activation of macrophages due to lymphokine release. Myasthenia gravis is an example of a type II or cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction. Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are examples of type III immune complex-mediated reactions. Test-Taking Tip: Be alert for details about what you are being asked to do. In this Question Type, you are asked to select all options that apply to a given situation or client. All options likely relate to the situation, but only some of the options may relate directly to the situation.

A client diagnosed with osteomyelitis is being discharged. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching? 1. "I will take the antibiotic at the same time every day." 2. "I will take the antibiotic regularly until my symptoms subside." 3. "I will take the antibiotic with food if I develop gastric distress when on the antibiotic." 4. "I will notify my healthcare provider and stop taking the medication if I develop a rash or shortness of breath."

The antibiotic should be taken as prescribed for the full length of treatment. The client should not discontinue the medication when symptoms subside. The statements "I will take the antibiotic at the same time every day," "I will take the antibiotic with food if I develop gastric distress when on the antibiotic," and "I will notify my healthcare provider and stop taking the medication if I develop a rash or shortness of breath" demonstrate understanding of the discharge instructions.

What causes medications used to treat AIDS to become ineffective? 1. Taking the medications 90% of the time 2. Missing doses of the prescribed medications 3. Taking medications from different classifications 4. Developing immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

The most important reason for the development of drug resistance in the treatment of AIDS is missing doses of drugs. When doses are missed, the blood drug concentrations become lower than what is needed to inhibit viral replication. The virus replicates and produces new particles that are resistant to the drugs. Taking the medications 90% of the time prevents medications from becoming ineffective. Taking medications from different classes prevents the drugs from becoming ineffective. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs when T-cells rebound with medication therapy and become aware of opportunistic infections.