Impact of islam quiz
caliph
A Muslim ruler
Muslim
A person who practices Islam
Why did elites in West Africa and the Africans along the Swahili Coast convert to Islam
African Elites in West Africa and the Swahili Coast converted to Islam for better trading relationships with the Arabs they did business with. Islam trickled down social classes, with elites as the first converts which differs from Christianity in which the lower classes were the first converts. However a similarity is that once the elites accepted Christianity the religion became more widespread.
Ibn Batuta
Arab who traveled all around the world who described African societies and cultures in his travel records
capital of the Abbasid Empire
Baghdad in Iraq, the House of Wisdom building existed. the city was cosmopolitan with diversity and trade. They had hospitals and advancements in medicine. Greek work was translated which was shared with Europe. Math advanced, algebra invented. The city was sacked by the Mongols in the year 1258.
Latin is to the romance languages as ____ is to Swahili
Bantu
How did the city states located in East Africa become wealthy
City States located in East Africa along the Swahili Coast controlled the trade routes that connected Africa to the Indian Ocean. Their profits brought wealth to city states. An example of powerful city states formed along the Swahili coast was Kilwa and Mogadishu.
3 west african empires
Ghana, Mali, Sonhai
largest current Muslim population
Indonesia, 200 million Muslims
Where and when did Islam start
Islam began in Mecca, but was grown in Medina (a city 300 miles north of Mecca). Islam began in the 7th Century. The location of the start is generally the Arabian peninsula.
how did the Byzantines and Persians influence the Arabs
Islam was influenced by Christianity and Zoroastrianism. As Islam expanded these empires got smaller. Islam replaced Zoroastrianism as the religion of the Persian people.
differences between islamic and christian art and architecture
Islamic art and architecture did not portray icons but instead methods calligraphy to convey messages. Islamic art also showed geometrical concepts. Christian art/architecture differed as it had the portrayal of icons and used mosaics and frescoes
geographic extent of islamic empire
Middle East, Spain, North Africa, West Africa, Iberian Peninsula, and along trade routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean (a very large geographic extent).
similarities between islamic art and architecture and christian
Most Islamic art adapted to the surrounding areas, mosques in China looked similar to other buildings in China based on the pagoda style and mosques in the Byzantine Empire had domes which was similar to Byzantine architecture.
What civilizations were Muslim scholars influenced by
Muslim scholars were influenced by the writings of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle (Greeks)
2 main factions of islam
Sunni and Shia
What empire led the Muslims into a Golden Age
The Abbasid empire-- This dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. For most of its early history, it was one of the largest empires in the world, and this meant it had contact with distant neighbors. This allowed it to adopt and synthesize ideas from these cultures.
What civilizations were influenced by Muslims?
The European Medieval Age (in places such as Spain) was influenced by the Muslims in architecture, math, science, medicine, and literature. The Muslim influence in Spain was seen in cities like Cordoba (Moors)
How did Islam spread into Southeast Asia
The Indian Ocean trade along monsoon winds helped the spread of Islam into Southeast Asia. As Muslims traded with these regions they brought their customs and rituals with them. As people were introduced to this appealing religion, they converted and there were incentives to have the same religion as the people they were trading with.
What region of the world has the highest percentage of Muslims? What is the dominant language?
The Middle East has the highest percentage of Muslims and the dominant language is Arabic.
Why was there one way diffusion to Europeans during the Crusades
The Muslims were much more advanced during this time, and gave Europe knowledge in many fields
Quran vs Bible/Torah
The Quran was written immediately after Muhammad's death, meanwhile the Torah and the Bible were written much longer after the foundings of the religion. The Arab world was literate (all read the Quran) whereas in Christian Europe only priests and religious leaders could read the Bible. the Arab world developed into a more literate society enabling intellectual advancement.
Mansa Musa
The greatest ruler during the Mali period- he was considered to be the richest man in the world and was on an atlas produced in Spain, showing that his wealth and power was known far beyond Africa. Mansa Musa went on a hajj to Mecca in which he bestowed his great wealth to people of Northern Africa. He gave away so much money that the economy of Egypt was destabilized due to inflation.
Islam
The monotheistic, Abrahamic religion that is practiced by nearly two billion worldwide.
How did Islam spread in to West Africa
The trading of goods such as salt and gold through the Trans-Saharan trade routes helped spread Islam.
impact of cultural diffusion on women's rights as islam spread
The veiling of women showed that the Muslims adapted to cultures around them- adopted from places such as Mesopotamia, Byzantine and Persia. It was a sign of modesty, status and so that they did not draw attention to themselves
evidence that West Africa had a sophisticated culture
West Africa was home to three significant empires during this period. all 3 of these empires had wealth based on taxing the gold and salt trade. Gold came from the south and salt from the north. With this wealth they could build the city of Timbuktu, becoming a cultural center of Africa, where scholars from around the region would come to make manuscripts and learn Islam.
how did muhammad become the prophet?
angel Gabriel confronted Muhammad and commanded that he begin a new world that was ruled by God's impact. he brought this message to Mecca. The people of Mecca saw Islam as a threat to their own religion and trade, since Mecca was a city that worshipped many idols that people travelled to for prayer.
Shia belief
believe that the caliph or leader needs to be a descendant of Muhammad
Sunni belief
believe that the rightful leader can be any religious person
how did islam spread?
conflict and conquest, trade, and appealing beliefs (equal before god, helped lower classes, easy to understand). One method Islam used to spread was traveling across trade routes, and by meeting other people who they did business with (incentives). Also, despite the fact that Muslims did not forcefully convert non-Muslims in their empire, muslim converts got lower taxes than those who didn't, so many wanted to convert. The empire also spread through conflict with the Byzantines and Persians.
caliphate
empire based on a religion
negative impacts that hurt women due to Islam spreading
females were treated under male guardianship and surveillance; marriage was controlled by the men
positive rights of women due to Islam spreading
gained property right, rights to divorce and right to inherit
what makes muhammad worthy of being the prophet?
he was thought to be the only man who knew what Allah wanted for mankind, he was the link between humans and holy religion. Muhammad was similar to Moses and Jesus- both were said to have had direct contact with God and received revelations. Muhammad is seen as a messenger of God. Muhammad is seen as the last and final prophet in the eyes of Muslims and his message was significant because it brought unity of belief to the Arabic people.
Quran
holy book of Islam, the final teachings of Allah. While the Quran is the main holy scripture of Islam, there are other scriptures as well. Some themes of the Quran are strict monotheism and the importance of helping the poor
importance of the geography of Mecca
it was close to the Red Sea, which allowed Mecca access to Indian Ocean trade. It was a caravan city. the people of the city were polytheistic, they knew of monotheistic religions. it also gave passage to the Mediterranean Sea for trading and transportation of ideas. Finally, Mecca had domesticated camels for merchants who often moved on routes such as the Silk Road, allowing for contact between different peoples.
5 pillars of islam
main ideas that bring unity to Muslims. The pillars urge Muslims to be charitable, to fast during Ramadan, pray 5 times a day towards Mecca, to go on a pilgrimage (the Hajj) to Mecca once in their life, and believe in only one God.
Muhammad
man (first a trader married to a woman named Khadija) who Muslims believe held the exact word of Allah (Arabic word for God) and founded Islam
What was the faith of Muhammad based upon
monotheism, salvation of the soul and Heaven, the words of Allah, and elements of Judaism and Christianity. (one of the three Abrahamic religions)
2 empires surrounding the Arabian peninsula
the Byzantine Empire and Persian (Sassanid) Empires
Quran vs Hindu scripture
the Quran preaches that only monotheism can be practiced, while Hinduism has many polytheistic aspects
Which faction of Islam is more dominant?
the Sunni, as they make up 85% of the Muslims population of the world (although the two groups still do come into conflict)
Abu Bakr
the first caliph following Muhammad's death according to Sunnis. He was his father-in-law. Abu Bakr unified Arabia and conquered the Byzantines and Persians. Bakr appointed people to write down the teachings of Muhammad in a book, and formalizing the Quran and the Five Pillars.
Bantu Migrations
the gradual movement of Bantu speaking people from West Africa throughout the African continent.
How did Islam spread to the Swahili coast?
via trade routes along the Indian Ocean trade network. Many of the Arabs eventually settled in this region producing a strong mixture of African, Arab, and Indian cultures. For example the language that emerged here (Swahili) is a mixture of African Bantu, Arabic, and Hindi..
