Imperialism
Queen Liliuokalani
was the Queen of Hawaii who placed herself as the head of a "Hawaii for Hawaiians" movement. She abolished the existing constitution under which the white minority had pretty much controlled the islands and attempted to rule as an absolute monarch.
William Seward
was the secretary of state that demanded the French to withdraw, and the United States moved 50,000 soldiers to the Rio Grande.
imperialism
when a stronger country creates an empire by dominating weaker countries.
Battle of San Juan Hill
battle of the Spanish-American war
"coaling stations"
was an idea that was created by Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan were essential first steps to ensure America's future as a great power.
Commodore George Dewey
was in command of the US Asiatic Squadron to move (Hong Kong) against the Spanish base at Manila, Philippines if war came. He sank ten of Admiral Montojo's ships.
Battleship Maine
was ordered to go to the Havana harbor to protect the American citizens due to the outbreak of riots in Havana (January 1898). Then on February 15, it exploded and sank in Havana Harbor.
Josiah Strong
wrote that he found racist and religious justifications for American expansionism in Our Country, based on the theory of evolution.
Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan
wrote the books The Influence of Sea Power Upon History and The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire, where he state that in order to ensure America's future as a great power, America needed to build a modern fleet. This would make America invulnerable in war and prosperous in time of peace. He also said that America should get a string of coaling station bases in the Caribbean, annex the Hawaiian Islands, and cut a canal across Central America.
Why would American businessmen become more aggressive toward exporting to foreign countries during times of depression here in the US?
American businessmen would become more aggressive toward exporting to foreign countries during times of depression here in the US because since the economy was bad, the businessmen knew that the people of America would not be able to afford as much as people living in a good economy, therefore, they received profit by exporting to other countries.
What created the American interest in China that led to the "Open Door?"
American interest in China that led to the "Open Door?" was that they wanted to prevent further absorption of China and the powers around it.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Congressman of Massachusetts and in 1893, Lodge pressed for expansionist, basing his arguments on strategic concepts of Mahan. "Sea power is essential to the greatness of every splendid people".
Joseph Pulitzer
an American expansionist who demanded intervention with his newspaper called New York World. With his newspaper, he caused reactions about the tales of the Spanish's cruel doings.
Describe four types of reasons that the US became an expansionist nation?
Four types of reasons that the US Became an expansionist nation were, economic factors which were new markets and more natural resources. Another type was political which were military factors like global bases and a strong navy. The third reason is Social and Political which were nationalist factors (survival of the fittest) like keeping one's nation at the top. The fourth type is Humanitarian factors, which were to spread western civilization and christianity/to enlighten.
Historians have said that Americans learned a hard lesson about international politics with their experience in the Philippine Insurrection. Can you see why this is true?
I can see why this is true because they thought that they would get away with annexing other countries and just paying off their respects (like what they did with the Spanish). However, in the Philippine Insurrection, they learned that it wasn't as easy as they thought because that amount of people that died during the Filipino-American war, could not be paid off. This also caused a lot of people turning against the US because of what they were doing.
The Americans called the war in the Philippines an "insurrection." What do you suppose Emelio Aguinaldo called it?
I think Emelio Aguinaldo would have called it a massacre because more than 8000 people lost their lives during the conflict and in addition, America still annexed the Phillipines. There were also tales of horrifying rape, arson, and murder by the US troops. It was a horrific event.
In your words, how did President McKinley act on the differing ideas that came out of the Imperialist / Anti-Imperialist debate.
I think President McKinley acted fairly on the differing ideas that came out of the Imperialist/Anti-Imperialist debate because he considered both sides. However, he still chose to annex the the Philippines. He chose to annex the Philippines because he thought that there was no choice and that it was the best choice.
Does Mahan's theory make sense? Explain your thoughts.
I believe that Mahan's theory makes sense because history proved that a nation with a powerful navy and overseas bases was necessary to make sure it would be invulnerable and prosperous in time of peace. This made sense because no one would want to fight a nation that has a powerful navy due to the fear they might lose. I think having bases and coaling station is smart because it allows the naval vessels to get more fuel where it was nearby.
Look at the illustration on page 611. No one was there to take a photo of the explosion so this was prepared by some artist for publication in a newspaper based on no knowledge of what really happened. What kinds of feelings was this artist trying to arouse? Point out the specific aspects of the illustration that make you think this way.
I think the artist was trying to arouse fear and anger. I think he was trying to arouse fear because the picture shows people flying out of the ship because of the explosion. The American flag is also a sign of fear because it is falling, which is a sign of defeat. I think he was trying to arouse anger because the picture is only colored in the color red and orange and red is normally known to be represent anger or danger.
After reading about the Battles of Manila (Philippines) and Santiago (Cuba), how well matched do you believe these two navies were (Spanish and American.) Do you think the commanders on both sides knew this?
I think the commanders on the both sides knew this because they were willing to fight.
"Rough Riders"
an aggressive unit raised by Theodore Roosevelt.
John Hay
McKinley's secretary of state who tried to prevent further absorption of China by the great powers by creating the "Open Door" policy.
After the sinking of the Battleship Maine, the American people wanted war with Spain, Congress wanted war with Spain, -- why did President McKinley wait so long to ask Congress for a declaration of war?
President McKinley waited so long to ask Congress for a declaration of war because he was afraid it might disturb Spanish-American relations. Business interest also feared that such a crises would upset the economy.
What products do we take for granted today that (likely) result from Taft's practice of "dollar diplomacy?"
Products that we take for granted today that likely result from Taft's practice of "dollar diplomacy" would be products like bananas, and mexico's rich minerals sources.
Why would the American Congress pass a high sugar tariff law (1894) that made it difficult for the Hawaiians and the Cubans to export sugar to the US?
The American Congress would pass a high sugar tariff law that made it difficult for the Hawaiians and the Cubans to export sugar to the US to get Hawaii and Cuba to want to be annexed.
Did TR act properly in dealing with Colombia over the Panama Canal issue? Explain.
TR did not act properly in dealing with Colombia over the Panama Canal issue because he used fear to force the people of Colombia to agree to what they wanted. He could've done this in a more peaceful manner, but instead he involved warships.
Why would the American Congress pass a high sugar tariff law (1894) that made it difficult for the Hawaiians and the Cubans to export sugar to the US?
The American Congress would pass a higher sugar tariff law that made it difficult for the Hawaiians and the Cubans to export sugar to the US to get Hawaii and Cuba to want to be annexed.
What about the American economy had changed by the late 19th century that made exporting goods much more desirable?
The American economy had changed by the late 19th century that made exporting goods much more desirable because Americans became more interested in doing foreign affairs and by competing with foreign business it was easier to make money because it was cheaper.
Describe the American treatment of Queen Lilioukalani.
The American treatment of Queen Lilioukalani was that she abolished the existing constitution under which the white minority had pretty much controlled the islands and attempted to rule as an absolute monarch because she placed herself as the head of a movement called "Hawaii for the Hawaiians".
What did the British get out of the Hay-Pauncefot Treaty?
The British got the US not to build the canal on its own, and have the US make the canal open to all commerce and war vessels of any nation.
How did the US finally resolve issues created by the Teller Amendment (agreed to before the Spanish-American War?)
The US finally resolved issues created by Teller Amendment by creating the Platt Amendment, which allowed naval bases in Cuba and made a treaty not to interfere with their independence.
Explain the connection between the Venezuelan Boundary Dispute and the Monroe Doctrine.
The connection between the Venezuelan Boundary Dispute and the Monroe Doctrine was that America took Venezuela's side in the dispute due to the Monroe Doctrine.
What did the ideas of Charles Darwin have to do with the American desire to expand its borders overseas?
The ideas of Charles Darwin related with the American desire to expand its borders overseas because America did not want to be left behind, which is Social Darwinism. They wanted to get ahead and be the "fittest nation". "Grow or die".
In what important way was the Open Door policy a diplomatic victory for the Americans?
The open door policy was a diplomatic victory for the Americans because it allowed them to be in peace with other nations and in the same time, they protected China from being taken over. The US also joined the political affairs of other countries, which made them no longer isolated.
What does the question "Does the Constitution follow the Flag" mean?
The question "Does the Constitution follow the Flag" mean that was the constitution fair for the colonies that were on the flag and were they allowed the rights that they deserve.
Identify three arguments made against American expansion made by the Anti-Imperialists. Identify three arguments made by the Expansionists for their cause.
Three arguments made against American expansion made by the Anti-Imperialists were that it was unconstitutional to annex other countries. They also said that it was a violation of the Declaration of Independence and would bring unfit people into the US. Three arguments made by the Expansionists for their cause was that they believed that if they left countries like the Philippines by themselves, then there would be chaos. They felt that by annexing these countries, they would be helping them.
Provide three concrete historical examples of "Dollar Diplomacy."
Three concrete historical examples of "Dollar Diplomacy" were: An example of "Dollar Diplomacy" would be Colombia, who they wanted to give a part of their canal by offering money. In this example, they weren't really in control, however, they were in control over their land. Another examples was in Panama when they wanted to be under control because of the jobs that the US offered. The third example was the Platt Amendment because the US didn't have control over them, but the Cubans couldn't make treaties with other nations without the consent of the US. Therefore, the US were technically in control in a way.
Provide three concrete historical examples of "Big Stick" diplomacy
Three examples of the concrete historical examples of "Big Stick" diplomacy were: This example took place in Colombia where he spoke softly for offering them money for what he wanted and carried a big stick by coming with war ships. Another example was the Panama Canal when TR simply talked about the jobs that he would provide and he got what he wanted. The third example was when the British wanted to have power over the canal and they peacefully got control on the land around the canal and they did this by making an agreement with Britain.
Commodore Matthew Perry
a Commodore of the United States Navy where he served in the Mexican-American War.
Emilio Aguinaldo
a Filipino nationalist leader who had been in contact with Commodore George Dewey. He also assisted the american soldiers.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla
a French engineer who advocated an American canal through Panama.
George Hoar
a Republican senator who opposed the annexation of the Philippines
Dupuy de Lome
a Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a letter to a friend. Then that letter was stolen by a spy and was published on Hearst's New York Journal. In the letter, he insulted the president and angered the Americans. This caused him to resign.
the Nashville
a cruiser that was ordered to go to Panama.
Imperialist / Anti-Imperialist debate
a debate between US expansionists and non-expansionists about annexing other countries like the Philippines.
William Howard Taft
a federal judge and the first civilian governor of the Philippines.
"guerrilla" warfare
a form of irregular warfare with a group of armed civilians that use hit and run tactics.
"Dollar Diplomacy"
a goal named by William Howard Taft to try to influence outlying areas without actually controlling them. This is significant because it would give the U.S. power and profit.
Theodore Roosevelt
a passionate supporter of the "large" policy and then was appointed by McKinley to be the assistant secretary of the navy in 1897.
Monroe Doctrine
a principle of US policy that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
the Boxer Rebellion
a rebellion by the Chinese nationalists that were angered by the spreading influence of foreign governments, which caused Chinese to be included in the "Open Door" policy.
Albert Beveridge
a senator that was a passionate imperialist.
insular cases
a series of opinions by the US supreme court about the status of US acquired in the Spanish-American war.
partisanship
a strong supporter to a party, cause, or person.
coup d'etat
a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government. This is significant because the resident Americans in Hawaii staged a coup because of Queen Liliuokalani abolishing the existing constitution under which the white minority had pretty much controlled the islands and attempted to rule as an absolute monarch.
the "Yellow Peril"
a threat by Japan and China to the US. It was the fear of asian immigration and rising of Japan military power.
Philippine Insurrection
a war between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries.
Washington's Farewell Address
a written address by George Washington that discussed the dangers of divisive party politics and warned strongly against permanent alliances between Unites States and other countries.
Platt Amendment
allowed the US to put naval bases in Cuba
William Randolph Hearst
an American expansionist who demanded intervention with his newspaper called New York Journal. With his newspaper, he caused reactions about the tales of the Spanish's cruel doings.
General Valeriano Weyler-
became the governor of Cuba to establish a strict control due to Cuban nationalist rebels.Joseph Pulitzer
"reconcentration" camps
camps where the Cuban rebels were deprived of food and recruits, which only caused a stronger resistance in Cuba.
the Alabama Claims
claims that the United States pressed against the British because the Confederate cruisers sunk about 100,000 tons of ships during the rebellion. Then in 1871, they signed the Treaty of Washington and agreed to arbitrate the Alabama claims.
Frederick Jackson Turner-
gave a speech and his thesis about why the U.S. expands, which is named the turner thesis or the frontier thesis.
Teller Amendment
made America look like it was interested Cuba's independence and not its land.
Leonard Wood
military governor who wanted to annex Cuba
interventionist
people who favored intervention. This is significant because when the Maine battleship sank, the interventionists blamed the Spain for destroying the ship and wanted war.
"theater of war"
places where important war events are happening.
annexation
the action of adding (an area or region) to a country/ to take control of a territory or place.
isolationism
the belief that a country should not be involved with other countries.
Richard Olney
the secretary of state that was ordered to give Great Britain an ultimatum because they were suspected of trying to invade Venezuelan, which violated the Monroe Doctrine.
arbitration
to reach an authoritative judgement or settlement. This is significant because Venezuela refused to submit the questions to arbitration.
the "Open Door" policy
was a policy proposed by John Hay to the great powers to agree to respect the trading rights of all the countries and not impose any discriminatory actions within their sphere of influence and to also continue Chinese tariffs collected by Chinese officials. Then later on included China.
Roosevelt Corollary
was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine that says the US might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened with seizure or intervention by a European country.