IND AND GROUP BEHAV-ORGANIZ Final

The number of different people an individual is networked with and the various social systems from which the networked relationships stem (e.g., employer, school, community) reflect the _______.

Diversity of developmental relationships

Which of the following did W. Edwards Deming call for, regarding the human side of development?

Elimination of barriers to good workmanship

Jennifer and Michelle are good friends who have been working at the same department store for the past two years. One day, Jennifer came to work in a foul mood. She was rude with the other employees, and even snapped at a few customers. Seeing Jennifer, Michelle's mood started to turn sour as well. Which of the following explains Michelle's change in mood?

Emotional contagion

_______ occurs when another person's mood (either bad or good) alters our own mood in the same direction.

Emotional contagion

According to the principles of total quality management (TQM), improvement is _______ driven.

Employee

Which of the following occurs when organizations give financial incentives to prevent dissatisfied employees from quitting?

Employees' level of continuance commitment increases

Which of the following is true about organizational ethics?

Ethical conduct is often ignored

Which of the following is true about self-monitoring?

High self-monitors are more successful in their careers than low self-monitors.

Attention is the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone.

True

Cognitive crafting encompasses a change in how one perceives or thinks about the tasks and relationships associated with one's job.

True

Cooperation is superior to competition in promoting achievement and productivity.

True

Counterproductive work behaviors are types of behavior that harm employees, the organization as a whole, or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholder.

True

Distributive justice reflects the perceive fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed.

True

Diversity can enhance the number of contacts a group or work unit has at its disposal.

True

Employers are generally lax when it comes to checking references, credentials, transcripts, and other information on applicant rèsumès.

True

Goal-setting directs attention, regulates effort, increases persistence, and fosters strategies and action plans.

True

Groups may not generate all relevant alternatives to a problem

True

Groups-aided decision making can lead to logrolling.

True

Providing training for employees leads to lower employee turnover.

True

Slogans, language, and sayings are ways that organizational members teach each other about the organization's preferred values, beliefs, expectations, and behaviors.

True

The first phase of the organizational socialization process is anticipatory socialization.

True

The phenomenon of glass ceiling resulted in women finding themselves in lower-level jobs.

True

The two criteria for work team effectiveness are performance and viability.

True

Organizational commitment has the strongest positive correlation with _______ cultures.

Adhocracy

Employees' identification with a particular organization tends to increase their:

Affective commitment

Content theories explain how motivation is influenced by the dynamic interaction between an individual and the environment in which he or she works.

False

Culture has prescriptive elements and not descriptive elements

False

The goal of affirmative action programs is to enable people to perform up to their maximum potential

False

The proactive personality dimension is the most frequently studied of the Big Five personality dimensions.

False

The purpose of a learning goal is to accomplish a specific end-result.

False

The recency effect is the tendency to remember old contacts, and the evaluate them by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people or objects.

False

There is a positive relationship between low self-monitoring and career success.

False

Thorndike's law of effect states that behavior with favorable consequences tends to disappear, while behavior with unfavorable consequences tend to be repeated.

False

Unstructured interviews have been shown to reduce bias on the interviewer's part.

False

Whistle-blowing is likely to occur when organizational identification is excessive

False

As part of a work group, Bob main job is to resolve conflicts between other group members. Whenever there is an argument, he tries to figure out a solution that benefits both parties, or he quickly defuses the tension with some jokes. Which of the following roles is Bob performing within his work group?

Harmonizer

Sven is a 51-year-old white male who works as a manager in the marketing department of a small organization in Sweden. He has 12 years seniority at his current organization. He is relatively outgoing in social settings and is married. His favorite hobbies include boxing and cooking. Which of these characteristics represents an organizational dimension of diversity?

Having 12 years seniority

You are rushing to class when a Ryan, who is you colleague stops you and begins to discuss a personal problem. You want to break off the conversation so that you can get to class on time. You glance at your watch but he keeps talking. You say "I've got to go. I'm going to be late for class." He continues. You turn to start to walk away, but Ryan follows you and keeps talking as if he never received any of your verbal or nonverbal signals that the conversation must end. Which of the following concepts best explains Ryan's behavior?

He is a low self-monitor

John, a mid-level manager, noticed that all his subordinates were filling out their monthly reports incorrectly. He concluded that the report forms were too complicated and needed to be revised. On which type of attributional information is John's decision based?

High consensus

_______ represent(s) an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.

Intelligence

______ refers to the affirmation of a newcomer's incoming global and specific role identities and attributes.

Investiture

Which of the following is true about tacit knowledge?

It refers to informations gained through experience that is difficult to express and formalize

Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. Before being hired, they were interviewed by the team members with whom they were going to work. The team contained members from various areas of the manufacturing process. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a _______.

Self-managed team

Bill provides directions to his house to Mark. Mark listens carefully to make sure that he does not forget the directions and does not get lost on the way. Which stage of the information processing model is Mark currently undergoing?

Storage and retention

A(n) _______ is a long-term outlook outlining action needed to achieve desired results.

Strategic plan

Differences are squelched or discouraged when using the approach of _______.

Suppression

_______ reflects team member satisfaction and continued willingness to contribute to the team.

Team viability

A work group become a team when:

The group develops its own purpose and mission

People with a polychronic perception view time as flexible, fluid, and multidimensional.

True

While applying the nominal group technique, after understanding the problem, individuals silently generate ideas in writing.

True

Which of the following statements regarding sexual harassment is true?

Women typically perceive a broader range of behaviors as sexual harassment than what men perceive

One way to prevent groupthink is to _______.

assign each member of the group the role of critical evaluator

Michelle, who is from the US, is on a foreign assignment in Mexico. She notices that her co-workers are willing to make personal sacrifices to further the organization's goals. She correctly surmises that her co-workers are from a(n) _______ culture.

collectivist

Nostra, Inc. is a company that develops video games. The company's primary vision is innovation and quick adaptation to the changing environment of the gaming industry. The CEO of the company values creativity and frequently urges her employees to think outside-the-box in order come up with the next big idea. Which of the following best describes Nostra's organizational culture?

Adhocracy

_______ is a perceptual error that represents the tendency to evaluate people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people or objects.

Contrast effect

_______ involves anxiety and doubt caused by an overload of unfamiliar expectations and social cues.

Culture shock

People with a _______ style tend to be autocratic, exercise power and control, and focus on the short run.

Directive

Which of the following steps in the rational model considers ethics, feasibility, and effectiveness of various choices?

Evaluating alternatives

Ken recently completed his MBA degree. He has received two job offers. Which of the following theories is most useful in predicting the choice that Ken will make?

Expectancy theory

Which of the following moral principles of Hodgson states that all have the right to be treated equitably, and the right to the necessities of life, especially those in deep need and the helpless?

Fairness

"We truly appreciate you hard work!" is an example of objective feedback.

False

A cognitive category contains a number of radically different objects.

False

A competent team members encourages desirable and undesirable team conflict.

False

A crowd on a street watching a man play the tambourine fits the definition of a group.

False

According to GLOBE cultural dimensions, institutional collectivism reflects the extent to which people rely on social norms and rules to avoid uncertainty and limit unpredictability.

False

According to the job characteristics model, people feel experienced responsibility when they perceive their work as worthwhile or important.

False

An overabundance of political savvy on the part of diverse employees is on e barrier to implementing successful diversity programs.

False

Attitudes represent global beliefs that influence behavior across all situations.

False

Case studies yield very generalizable results.

False

Contrast effect refers to the tendency to remember recent information. If the recent information is negative, the person or object is evaluated negatively.

False

Educational background represents an internal dimension of diversity.

False

Event memory functions as a mental dictionary of concepts.

False

In Carroll's global corporate social responsibility pyramid, legal responsibility states that one should do what is expected by global stakeholders.

False

Mary and Carl were both hired at the same time by Liam and Company. During their first moth they, along with a group of 14 other new hires, went through their socialization process as a unit. Their socialization process is necessarily disjunctive in nature.

False

Men and women generally agree on what constitutes sexual harassment

False

People with a conceptual style prefer to avoid risks.

False

People with an internal locus of control tend to attribute key outcomes in their lives to environmental causes, such as luck or fate.

False

People with unrealistic expectations tend to quit less often and be more satisfied than those with realistic expectations.

False

Role modeling, counseling, and friendship are not part of the mentoring process

False

Self-esteem is usually unrelated to a person's level of education.

False

Semantic memory describes the appropriate sequence of events in well-known situations.

False

Successful performance depends solely on skill.

False

Which of the following team competencies monitors, evaluates, and provides feedback on team performance?

Organizing and managing team performance

Which of the following team competencies assists the team in arriving at a common understanding of the situation or problem?

Orienting team to problem-solving situation

Assigning someone the role of devil's advocate when discussing major alternatives is a way to:

Prevent groupthink

The task role of coordinator serves to _______.

Pull together ideas and suggestions

Societal culture is shaped by _______.

The political/legal setting

A bottom-up approach is driven by employees rather than managers.

True

A person who takes aspirin when he has a head ache is negatively reinforcing the act of taking aspirin.

True

A student who works on a project because of praise and recognition from the instructor is responding to positive reinforcement.

True

A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose and performance goals

True

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, frustration of higher-order needs can influence the desire for lower-order needs.

True

High-performance teams are characterized by creative talents and rapid responses.

True

Nonconformists experience criticism and even ostracism.

True

One source of inaccurate performance appraisals is faulty schemata about what constitutes good versus poor performance

True

Organizational commitment is composed of three separate but related components: affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment.

True

Organizational culture provides gives members an organizational identity.

True

Oliver stole three laptops from his workplace and sold them through an online buying and selling website. Oliver's stealing action is classified as a(n):

counterproductive behavior

As employees age, they typically experience _______.

higher job satisfaction

Helen plans for several activities simultaneously on a daily basis. Most often, it is impossible to execute them on time as she has so many activities. However, the impossibility factor does not affect her as she believes time is flexible. This implies that Helen belongs to a _______ culture.

polychronic