Industrial revolution

Entrepreneur

A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.

How did John Stuart Mill try to correct the ills of industrialization?

He called for the government to to do away with great differences in wealth. He and other utilitarians pushed for reforms in prions and education

How did Horace Mann try to correct the ills of industrialization?

He favored free public education for all children

How did William Wilberforce try and correct the ills of industrialization?

He was a religious man who led the fight for the end of slavery in the British empire.

industrialization

The development of industries for the machine production of goods.

How did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels try and correct the ills of industrialization?

They created communism and believed that the Industrial Revolution enriched the wealthy and impoverished the poor. They predicted that the workers would overthrow the owners.

How did political stability contribute to the industrial revolution?

With political stability people could take out loans which led to entrepreneurs making new machines and expanding their businesses.

What are the factors of production?

land , labor, and wealth

Corporation

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

middle class

A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers

Unions

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.

what factors led to the great expansion of US industry in the late 1800's?

Natural resources such as an abundance of oil, coal, and iron led to a technological boom. Also a swelling population in need of manufactured goods contributed as well. Railroad lines made it easier to sell and transport items.

How did an abundance of natural resources contribute to the industrial revolution?

Natural resources such as coal, water, and iron were all used to power and make machines.

collective bargaining

Negotiations between representatives of labor unions and management to determine pay and acceptable working conditions.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

How did Jane Addams improve urban life?

She founded a settlement house in Chicago to help the needy

How did the Napoleonic wars affect the development of industrialization in Europe?

The napoleonic wars halted trade in Europe and interrupted communication. it also caused some inflation in countries.

How did Charles Fourier and Henri de Saint- Simon try and correct the ills of industrialization?

They made a new economic system called socialism where factors of production are owned by the public and work for the welfare of everyone.

what technological advances were in the textile industry?

a shuttle- it weaved twice as much as a weaver in a day the spinning jenny- could work 8 threads at a time the spinning mule- was strong and was very consistent

Thomas Malthus

an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)

Capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

How did the industrial revolution affect the lives of children?

children as young as 6 had to work in the factories and children were sometimes beaten to stay awake during the long hours.

How did the railroads guarantee the success of the Industrial Revolution?

it made transportation of goods and materials easier.

crop rotation

the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land

strike

to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

Karl Marx

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

Socialism

A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.

Communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

How was education changed because of the industrial revolution?

After child labor laws, educational opportunities will spark because skilled workers were needed in factories.

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

what were some favorable conditions that sparked industrialization in both Britain and the US

Britain's geography, political stability, and natural resources sparked it's industrialization. The United States also had an abundance of natural resources that allowed it to industrialize.

How did the industrial revolution change the lives of poor city dwellers?

During the industrial revolution there was a lack of housing, education, protection, and no sanitary codes. they lived in unhealthy and unsafe conditions because of the city's growth

How did Robert Owen try and correct the ills of industrialization?

He was a factory owner and improved the working conditions of his employees, he built houses and rented them at low rates. He prohibited children under 10 from working in the mills and provided free schooling.

Laissez-faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

How did the industrial revolution affect the lives of wealthy merchants, factory owners, and shippers?

It led to the development of a middle class and people could live comfortably.

How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?

When farming methods improved, food supplies increased, and so did England's population; this led to increased demand for goods. Small farmers lost their land to enclosed farms and became factory workers.

David Ricardo

he believed permanent underclass would always be poor. In a market system with an abundance of workers and resources then labor and resources would be cheap. He believed wages would be forced down as population increased

How did industrialization shift the world balance power?

the countries with the natural resources were able to industrialize while others became markets for the goods. Imperialism gave more power and wealth to wealthy nations as well.

Utilitarianism

the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.

how did the industrial revolution change the lives of the factory workers?

the factories were unsafe working conditions where they could get stuck in a machine and loose a limb. They had to work 13- 16 hours a day for 6 days a week.

enclosure

the process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

How was the environment changed after the industrial revolution?

the water turned brown and smelled bad because factories dumped chemicals in the water. The smoke from the steam also polluted the air. Food production was awful as well.

How did the industrial revolution affect large landowners and aristocrats?

they lived very comfortable and looked down upon businessmen

How did the industrial revolution change the lives of skilled workers and factory overseers?

they were not poor and they lived at a comfortable standard. their lives gradually improved in the 1800's. people with skills usually got paid more and lived more comfortably.

How did entrepreneurs support the Industrial Revolution?

they were the people who took on the risks of a business and often created new or improved machines

In what was did industrialization benefit society?

wealth, health, and population rose because of the industrialization and the development of a middle class led to more opportunities in education and democracy

How did the building of factories contribute to the the industrial revolution?

wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called factories. this is where goods were mass produced and more jobs were created.