Infancy and Childhood

Olivia and Abigail are sisters. Olivia began walking when she was 10 months old. Their mother can expect Abigail to begin walking at what age?

10 months

During prenatal development, the brain cortex peaks at producing neurons at _____weeks after gestation.

28

From ages _____to _____, the brain's neural network is sprouting MOST rapidly in the _____ lobes, which enables rational planning.

3;6 frontal

_includes all of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communication.

Cognition

Basic trust as a tenet of social development was proposed by:

Erik Erikson

Amir is concerned because he cannot remember events before he was about 4 years old. This is called infantile _____.

amnesia

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month, and take away her television and Internet privileges for two months. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner. With respect to Baumrind's parenting styles, Maura's parents are MOST likely _____and Trish's are MOST likely _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

"Demanding, but responsive" is one way to summarize Baumrind's _____parenting style.

authoritative

Becky babysits two sisters, Jasmin and Erum. Last week when the two girls were eating cookies, Jasmin complained about how unfair it was that Erum had more cookies than her. To solve the problem Becky took one of Jasmin's cookies and divided it in half. Jasmin then thought that the cookies were equal between her and her sister and was happy. Several months later Becky is babysitting them again. She served the girls brownies and Jasmin again complained that her sister had more brownies than her. Becky divided one of Jasmin's brownies in half and asked her if it was now fair. Jasmin replied, "No, all you did was cut it in half." Jasmin is now in which stage of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

concrete operational

Five-year-old Oliver complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Oliver's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making him happy, as he believed the pizza had become larger. Oliver lacks the concept of _____.

conservation

Five-year-old Oliver complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Oliver's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making him happy, as he believed the pizza had become larger. Oliver lacks the concept of _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

conversation

Babies should be put to sleep on their backs to prevent:

crib death

A(n) _____period is an optimal time early in the life of an organism for exposure to certain stimuli.

critical

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in which lobe?

frontal

Hussein is concerned because he cannot remember events before he was about 4 years old. What is the MOST likely cause for this infantile amnesia?

his hippocampus was not developed enough

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of:

impaired theory of mind

Latoya is 3 years old and her favorite book is Are You My Mother?, a short story about a baby bird who hatches while his mother is away. The baby bird then leaves the nest in search of his mother. The baby bird follows the first thing he sees. When he is told that it is not his mother, he then begins to follow the second thing he sees, and so forth. Which of these attachment concepts is an aspect of this story?

imprinting

Carolyn Rovee-Collier's research on infants revealed that:

infants remember specific associations

Tom rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to whether his mother is present or absent. Tom would MOST likely be classified as having a(n) ______attachment style.

insecure

Nature is to nurture as _____is to _____.

maturation; experience

Ty's parents divorced when he was 5. His father moved out of the area, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles with school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go as he wishes, she rarely, if ever, punishes him, and gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he doesn't have a father. Ty's mother has a(n) ____parenting style.

premissive

Reflecting a use-it-or-lose-it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called _____

pruning

Three-year-old Ross happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Ross MOST clearly displays signs of _____attachment. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

secure

In Piaget's theory, grasping the notion of object permanence marks the transition from the _____stage to the _____ stage.

sensorimotor; preoperational