Infants Development

By 1 year infants gain how much compared to their birthweight?

triple their birth weight.

Weight gain doubles for the first 6 months in infants

true

The statement made by a parent that indicates correct understanding of infant feeding is: a. "I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle." b. "I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months." c. "The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate." d. "I give the baby any new foods before he takes his bottle."

"I give the baby any new foods before he takes his bottle." New solid foods should be introduced before formula or breast milk to encourage the infant to try new foods.

A mother brings her 8 month old child in for a well visit. Which statement by the mother would raise concern for the infants safety and the mother would need to be re-educated? a. "I love using the hot steam vaporizer when he has a cold." b. "We have a gate at the stairs." c. "Yesterday I threw away all of our house plants." d. "He is still riding in a rear-facing car seat."

"I love using the hot steam vaporizer when he has a cold"

Infant length increases every month by ??

1/2 in- 1 in

Around what month does lower central incisors develop in infant?

10 months

The nurse is aware that the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently is _____ months. a. 8 to 10 b. 12 to 15 c. 15 to 18 d. 18 to 21

12 to 15 For the majority of children, the milestone of walking alone is achieved between 12 and 15 months.

A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination. Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. The nurse weighing the infant today would expect her weight to be at least _____ pounds. a. 12 b. 16 c. 20 d. 24

16 Birth weight is usually doubled by 6 months of age.

At what age do the anterior fontanels close?

18 months

Posterior fontanelle closes in ???

2 months

The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" The nurse would reply: a. 5 months. b. 9 months. c. 1 year. d. 2 years.

5 months Infant can usually drink from a cup when it is offered at about 5 months.

Most infants begin to fear strangers at age: a. 2 months c. 6 months b. 4 months d. 12 months

6 months Between ages 6 and 8 months fear of strangers and stranger anxiety become prominent and are related to the infant's ability to discriminate between familiar and nonfamiliar people. At age 2 months infants are just beginning to respond differentially to the mother. At age 4 months the infant is beginning the process of separation individuation when the infant begins to recognize self and mother as separate beings. Twelve months is too late and requires referral for evaluation if the child does not fear strangers at this age.

The nurse is aware that the earliest age at which an infant is able to sit steadily alone is _____ months. a. 4 b. 5 c. 8 d. 15

8 -9 months The infant can sit alone without support at about 8 months of age.

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? Choose all that apply. a. Roll from abdomen to back b. Put feet in mouth when supine c. Roll from back to abdomen d. Sit erect without support e. Move from prone to sitting position f. Adjust posture to reach an object

A, B Rolling from abdomen to back and placing the feet in the mouth when supine are developmentally appropriate for a 5-month-old infant.

The nurse cautions that children who have unmet hunger needs will likely display which characteristic(s)? Select all that apply. a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust e. Effective parent bonding

A, B, C, D Children who experience frequent hunger do not have effective parental bonding. All other options are probable outcomes for a child who has unmet hunger needs.

What should the teaching plan include about infant fall precautions? Select all that apply. a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. d. Use tray attachment on high chair as restraint. e. Keep infant seat on the floor.

A, B, C, E The tray attachment to a high chair is an inadequate restraint. All other options are good precautions to prevent an infant from a fall.

A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse would instruct the mother to a. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need b. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant c. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying d. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying

Allow the newborn infant to signal a need According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant's needs at all times but must allow the newborn infant to signal needs. If a newborn is not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment. Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn's signal would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others.

When teaching parents about the expected language development for their 6-month-old infant, the nurse explains that the child should: Select one: a. Comprehend the word "no" b. Know the meaning of the word "mama" c. Be able to say two to three words d. Begin to combine syllables - such as "dada"

Begin to combine syllables such as "dada"

The nurse is assessing a six-month-old child. Which developmental skills are normal and should be expected? a. Speaks in short sentences. b. Sits alone. c. Can feed self with a spoon. d. Pulling up to a standing position.

Sits alone The child develops language skills between the ages of one and three. A six-month-old child is learning to sit alone. The child begins to use a spoon at 12-15 months of age. The baby pulls himself to a standing position about ten months of age.

The nurse is explaining habilitation to the parents of a 6 month-old infant diagnosed with a chronic condition affecting their motor development. The nurse explains that habilitation involves: Select one: a. Reteaching the child skills b. Minimizing the child's potential c. Increasing the child's life expectancy d. Teaching the child new skills

Teaching the child new skills

While assessing a 5-month-old infant which fine motor skill should the nurse expect the infant to have? a. Strong grasp reflex b. Ability to build a tower of two blocks c. Neat pincer grasp d. Ability to grasp objects voluntarily

d. Ability to grasp objects voluntarily

The nurse observes a 10-month-old infant using her index finger and thumb to pick up pieces of cereal. This behavior is evidence that the infant has developed: a. the pincer grasp. b. a grasp reflex. c. prehension ability. d. the parachute reflex.

The pincer grasp. By 1 year, the pincer-grasp coordination of index finger and thumb is well established.

In terms of fine motor development, the infant of 7 months should be able to: a. Transfer objects from one hand to the other. b. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp. c. Hold crayon and make a mark on paper. d. Release cubes into a cup.

Transfer objects from one hand to the other By age 7 months infants can transfer objects from one hand to the other, crossing the midline. The crude pincer grasp is apparent at about age 9 months. The child can scribble spontaneously at age 15 months. At age 12 months the child can release cubes into a cup.

The nurse explains that the second process of self-mobility an infant learns is seen at the age of 9 months, when the infant begins to ___________.

Creep At 7 months the infant begins to crawl, using arms and dragging trunk and legs. At 9 months the infant begins to creep, holding his or her trunk above the floor. The next self-mobility activity is cruising, where the child walks from one piece of furniture to the next before it begins to walk independently.

When assessing development in a 9-month-old infant, the nurse would expect to observe the infant: a. speaking in 2-word sentences. b. grasping objects with palmar grasp. c. creeping along the floor. d. beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily.

Creeping along the floor The 9-month-old tries to creep, has developed pincer movement, and can grasp a spoon without keeping food on it.

A clinic nurse assesses the communication patterns of a 5-month-old infant. The nurse determines that the infant is demonstrating the highest level of developmental achievement expected if the infant: a. Uses simple words such as "mama" b. Uses monosyllabic babbling c. Links syllables together d. Coos when comforted

Uses monosyllabic babbling Using monosyllabic babbling occurs between 3 and 6 months of age. Using simple words such as "mama" occurs between 9 and 12 months. Linking syllables together when communicating occurs between 6 and 9 months. Cooing begins at birth and continues until 2 months.

While discussing nutrition with a group of mothers who plan on exclusively breastfeeding their infant the nurse explains that the nutritional supplement recommended to prevent rickets in infants who are exclusively breastfeeding is: Select one: a. Folic acid b. Fluoride c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin A

Vitamin D

While reviewing Erikson's stages of development the student nurse remembers that the stage during infancy is: a. Trust vs Mistrust b. Industry vs Inferiority c. Identity vs Role Confusion d. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

a. Trust vs Mistrust

The nurse explains that by the age of 6 months an iron-rich formula should be offered because the infant has: a. limited ability to produce red blood cells. b. ineffective digestive enzymes. c. exhausted maternal iron stores. d. need of the iron to support dentition.

Exhausted maternal iron stores

You are observing a 5 month old for developmental skills. Which of the following skills would concern you if the infant was not demonstrating? a. Follows objects with eyes b. Crawling c. Sitting with support d. Grasps objects

Follow objects with their eyes

The abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant would be: a. weight gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week. b. length increase of 1 inch in 2 months. c. head lag present. d. can sit alone for a few seconds.

Head lag present The infant should be holding the head up well by 5 months of age. If head lag is present at 6 months, the child should undergo further evaluation.

The nurse is assessing a four month-old infant. The nurse would anticipate finding that the infant would be able to a. Hold a rattle b. Bang two blocks c. Drink from a cup d. Wave "bye-bye"

Hold a rattle The age at which a baby will develop the skill of grasping a toy with help is 4 to 6 months.

The nurse would advise a parent when introducing solid foods to: a. begin with one tablespoon of food. b. mix foods together. c. eliminate a refused food from the diet. d. introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.

Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart Only one new food is offered in a 4- to 7-day period to determine tolerance.

The nurse would expect a 4-month-old to be able to: a. hold a cup. b. stand with assistance. c. lift head and shoulders. d. sit with back straight.

Lift head and shoulders Because development is cephalocaudal, of these choices, lifting the head and shoulders is the one that the infant learns to do first. The infant can usually sit with support at about 5 months of age and can sit alone at about 8 months.

The most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old would be to: a. ride a tricycle. b. spend time in an infant swing. c. play with push-pull toys. d. read large picture books.

Play with push-pull toys. Push-pull toys are appropriate to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old child.

A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." The helpful measure the nurse would suggest to the parent is to: a. sing songs to the infant in a soft voice. b. place the infant in a well-lit room. c. walk around and massage the infant's back. d. rock the fussy infant slowly and gently.

Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently One technique the nurse can offer parents of a fussy infant is to rock the infant gently and slowly while being careful to avoid sudden movements.

In terms of gross motor development, what would the nurse expect a 5-month-old infant to do? a. Roll from abdomen to back. b. Roll from back to abdomen. c. Sit erect without support. d. Move from prone to sitting position.

Roll from abdomen to back Rolling from abdomen to back is developmentally appropriate for a 5-month-old infant. The ability to roll from back to abdomen usually occurs at 6 months old. Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. The 10-month-old infant can usually move from a prone to a sitting position.

One of the participants attending a parenting class asks the teacher "what is the leading cause of death during the first month of life? a. Congenital Abnormalities b. Low birth weight c. SIDS d. Infection

SIDS