infection ATI

A nurse is reviewing the medical record for a client who has a health care associated infection (HAI). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a risk factor for acquiring an HAI? a. The client had an appendectomy 6 months ago. b. The client has bipolar disorder. c. The client is a male. d. The client is 71 years old.

d. The client is 71 years old. Clients older than 70 years of age are at an increased risk of acquiring an HAI. Decreased immune system function increases the susceptibility to infection.

A group of nurses are discussing risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from clients. Which of the following individuals should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for contracting HIV? A) An occupational therapist who works with a client who has HIV B) A personal trainer who works with a client who has HIV C) A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV D) A nurse who works for an insurance company and collects urine samples from clients who have HIV

C) A phlebotomist who collects blood from clients who have HIV The greatest risk for exposure to HIV is from a needle stick; therefore, the phlebotomist who collects blood is at greatest risk.

A nurse is providing teaching to a group of assistive personnel (AP) about hand hygiene. Which of the following statements by one of the APs indicates a need for further teaching? a. "As long as I change gloves between clients, it is not necessary to wash my hands." b. "I should wash my hands before I provide client care." c. "I will not wear artificial nails when providing client care." d. "It is acceptable to use alcohol-based hand products after most client contact."

a. "As long as I change gloves between clients, it is not necessary to wash my hands." While the use of gloves does reduce contamination, it is still necessary to perform hand hygiene between clients. This statement by one of the APs indicates a need for further teaching.

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a systemic disorder and is receiving antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and corticosteroids. Both of the child's parents have a smoking history. The child reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions? a. Candidiasis b. Dermatitis c. Herpes simplex d. Squamous cell carcinoma

a. Candidiasis Manifestations of oral candidiasis include white patches that adhere to the inner cheeks, tongue, and palate that are painful and can cause the child to refuse to eat.

A nurse is teaching a new group of assistive personnel (AP) about the importance of hand hygiene. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? a. "If you wear gloves, you do not have to wash your hands." b. "Rub all surfaces of your hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds." c. "Use an alcohol rub when your hands are visibly soiled." d. "If you don't have an infection, your hands won't infect others."

b. "Rub all surfaces of your hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds." The staff should rub the product over all aspects of the hands and fingers until they are dry, which generally takes 20 to 30 seconds.

A nurse is planning care for a client who is being treated with chemotherapy and radiation for metastatic breast cancer, and who has neutropenia. The nurse should include which of the following restrictions in the client's plan of care? a. All visitors from entering the client's room b. Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room c. Oral fluid intake to between meals only d. Activities that could result in bleeding

b. Fresh flowers and potted plants in the room Clients who are receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy are likely to become immunocompromised as a result of neutropenia, a decreased white blood cell (WBC) count. Because micro-organisms are likely to be present on fresh flowers and plants, immunocompromised clients are instructed not to accept such gifts into the room. In addition, the client is instructed to eat only thoroughly cooked meats and thoroughly washed fruits and vegetables. Immunocompromised clients are more susceptible to infection and illness from food-borne bacteria than other clients.

A nurse is admitting a client who requires droplets precautions due to influenza. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Place the client in a room with negative airflow. b. Wear a mask when providing care to the client. c. Ensure the client's room has HEPA filtration. d. Wear a gown when providing care to the client.

b. Wear a mask when providing care to the client. The nurse should wear a mask when within 3 feet of a client who requires droplet precautions.

A nurse is planning care for a client who requires airborne precaution. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Provide a positive-pressure airflow room. b. Wear an N95 respirator mask. c. Allow the client to ambulate in the hall. d. Stand 1.8 m (6 feet) away from the client.

b. Wear an N95 respirator mask. The nurse should wear an N95 respirator mask or a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter mask when caring for a client who has an infection that requires airborne precautions, such as disseminated varicella zoster, rubeola, or tuberculosis.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection. The nurse should use which of the following strategies to prevent the transmission the client's infection? a. Changing the client's bed linens each day b. Encouraging the client to consume a high-protein diet c. Performing hand hygiene before, during, and after direct contact with the client d. Placing the client in a room with positive-pressure airflow

c. Performing hand hygiene before, during, and after direct contact with the client The nurse can help prevent the transmission of micro-organisms by washing her hands frequently before, during, and after client care procedures.

A nurse is caring for a group of clients in an infectious disease unit. The nurse should wear an OSHA-approved N95 respirator mask when caring for a client with which of the following infectious diseases? a. Pertussis b. Mycoplasma pneumonia c. Tuberculosis d. Respiratory syncytial virus

c. Tuberculosis Tuberculosis is transmitted by small droplets. Therefore, nurses providing care to clients who have tuberculosis should wear individually fitted N95 respirator masks.

A nurse is admitting a client who has tuberculosis and a productive cough. Which of the following types of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate for the client? a. Contact b. Droplet c. Protective d. Airborne

d. Airborne The nurse should initiate airborne precautions when a client has an infection that spreads through small droplets that remain airborne for longer periods, such as tuberculosis and measles. The client requires a negative-pressure airflow room, and staff should wear an N95 respirator when in contact with the client.

A nurse is creating the plan of care for a client who is immunosuppressed. Which of the following precautions should the nurse include in the plan? (Select all that apply.) a. Don a mask, gloves, and gown. b. Restrict visitors who have active infections. c. Limit the client from bathing daily. d. Instruct the client to eat cooked foods only. e. Dispose of all linen in the trash after use.

✅a. Don a mask, gloves, and gown: The nurse should wear a mask, gloves, and gown to protect the client from contacting an infection from bacteria or virus. ✅b. Restrict visitors who have active infections: The nurse should restrict visitors who have an active infection to protect the client. ✅d. Instruct the client to eat cooked foods only: The nurse should instruct the client eat only cooked foods to protect the client from bacteria in raw foods.