Infection Control Review, Isolation Precautions Test Review

PPE and examples

-Degree of risk to exposure -Gloves, masks, eye protection, shoe covers, and gowns

Examples of Contact transmission are..

-Infections of GI, respiratory, skin, or wound caused by multidrug-resistant organisms -Incontinent patients with E. coli, Shigella, Hep A, or rotavirus -Highly contagious skin infections

Protective or Reverse Isolation is a:

-Method used to protect certain patients from organisms present in the environment

Rules for contact precautions include:

-Placed in private room -Gloves and gown when entering room and remove before leaving -Change gloves after contact with any material with high concentrations of organisms -Patient-care equipment should be only used on this patient

Reverse isolation rules include:

-Precautions vary depending on patient's condition -Placed in a room that has been clean and disinfected -Room frequently disinfected -Those entering room must wear gown, gloves, mask -All supplies brought into room are disinfected and/or sterile -Special filters used to purify air

How communicable diseases spread:

-direct contact with a patient -contact with dirty linen, equipment, and supplies -contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions

Microorganisms that can only lie and grow in the presence of oxygen

Aerobe

Patients infected with a pathogen transmitted by small particle droplets would be placed on which isolation?

Airborne

This type of isolation precaution requires a HEPA (N-95) mask to be worn before entering the room.

Airborne

Tuberculosis patients are placed on which type of isolation?

Airborne

Pneumonia and Influenza patients are placed on which type of isolation?

Airborne, Droplet

Microorganisms that only lives and grows without oxygen

Anaerobe

A rod shaped bacteria is called

Bacilli

Pathogenic organisms that are present in blood that can lead to a disease are

Blood Borne Pathogens

The inside of gown and gloves, and ties on mask are considered to be ____.

Clean

A round shaped bacteria is called

Cocci

Some diseases are...

Communicable

Asepsis

Condition free from pathogens , three levels: handwashing, sanitization, disinfection

For your protection which type of isolation require gloves to be worn when coming into contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces?

Contact

MRSA: Patients with Staph or E-coli are placed on which type of Isolation?

Contact

Patients with Staph or E-coli are placed on which type of Isolation?

Contact

The outside of any PPE is considered____.

Contaminated

A contact with pathogens where something becomes soiled or unclean

Contamination

Examples of Droplet transmission are:

Diphteria, Pertussis, Adenovirus, Mumps

Which method of infection control involves the use of a chemical and should not be used on the skin?

Disinfectant

When washing your hands point the fingers

Downward

Patients infected with a pathogen transmitted by large particle droplets would be placed on which isolation?

Droplet

This type of isolation allows for patients to have different diagnosis in the same room if 3 feet are maintained between them

Droplet

Which Isolation does the rule, "you can maintain a distance of 3 feet without a mask" apply to?

Droplet

Contact Precautions are...

Followed for any patient known or suspected to be infected with epidemiologically microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct or indirect contact

List 2 ways to break the Chain of Infection

HAND WASHING, COVERING NOSE AND MOUTH, TAKING ANTIBIOTICS, VACCINES, COVERING WOUNDS, CLEANING SURFACES, NOT EATING OR DRINKING AFTER OTHERS, EATING HEALTHY, TAKING VITAMINS

List the 6 links in the Chain of Infection (in order)

INFECTIOUS AGENT, RESERVOIR HOST, PORTAL OF EXIT, MODE OF TRANSMISSION, PORTAL OF ENTRY, SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

examples of clean places?

Insides of gloves and gown and mask ties

Who is reverse isolation used for?

Mainly for immunocompromised patients

Examples of Airborne transmitted pathogens:

Measles, chicken pox, Tuberculosis, and shingles

A minute living body not visible to the naked eye

Microorganism

Examples of places that are contaminated ?

Outside of gown, gloves, and masks

A disease causing microorganism is a(n)

Pathogen

Equipment that you wear to prevent blood or bodily fluids from getting on your clothes and skin is called

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Precautions taken for Droplet transmission are :

Place patient in a private room, at least 3 feet from visitors, and masks should be worn when in the room and during transport

Precautions taken for Airborne transmission

Placed in a private room with door kept closed, Air must be discharged to outdoors or filtered, Anyone entering room must wear an N95 filtering mask ,Those susceptible to measles or chickenpox shouldn't enter, Shouldn't be moved from the room if possible

What is the primary color of a sharps container in most situations?

Red

A spiral shaped bacteria is called

Spirilla

Epidemic

Spreads from person to person and affects large numbers.

Choosing PPE based on a procedure would be which type of precaution?

Standard/ Universal

Choosing PPE based on a procedure would be which type of precaution?

Standard/Universal

Process of destroying all living microorganisms

Sterilization

What term means capable of being affected or infected

Susceptible

You are assisting in the admissions process for a patient being directly admitted to your hospital. A 75-year-old male patient presents with his daughter who tells you he's had a large draining wound on his hip that's difficult to keep covered and draining onto his linens.

The correct answer is A, Contact Precautions. Contact Precautions should be considered when a patient has a draining, wound. It should also be considered for patients with uncontrollable diarrhea and other instances when the environment may become contaminated.

A previously healthy 35-year-old woman is admitted to your medical unit with fever, cough, and body aches for two days. She tests positive for seasonal influenza.

The correct answer is B, Droplet Precautions. These precautions need to be instituted before lab confirmation of illness. However, new research states it may be Airborne too.

You are a nurse working in the triage area of the Emergency Department. A patient reports a cough with blood-streaked sputum for almost two months with night sweats and an unintended 20-lb weight loss. You suspect tuberculosis (TB). What type of precautions would be appropriate?

The correct answer is C, Airborne Isolation Precautions. A surgical type face mask should be placed on the patient and he should be moved to a negative-pressure room as soon as possible. Staff caring for the patient must wear appropriate respiratory protection such as an N95 respirator or PAPR.

Precautions we use on every patient we encounter are called

Universal Precautions

An example of a reservoir host is

a human, an animal, a desk

One-celled organisms multiply rapidly classified by shape

bacteria

Microorganisms

can thrive in moist places

Plant like organisms lives on dead organic matter

fungi

transmission-based isolation precautions:

in addition to the standard precautions ,helps prevent spread of disease, protects patient, family, and health care workers, type used depends on the causative organism of the disease.

Contaminated or dirty:

items that contain disease-producing organisms; must not be touched unless protected

Clean:

items that do not contain the organisms; protect these areas from contamination

acquire an infection while it the hospital it is called

nosocomial infection

Droplet precautions are used for...

patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large-particle droplets during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing

One-celled animal-like organism found in decayed materials and contaminated water

protozoa

Parasitic microorganism transmitted by bites of insects

rickettsiae

Viruses

smallest microorganism.

Pandemic

spreads over a wide geographic area and affects high proportion

Standard Precautions

treat all body fluids as though they are potentially infectious -blood borne pathogens -ppe

Airborne precautions are....

used for patients known or suspected to be infected with airborne transmitted pathogens

Smallest microorganisms spread by blood and body fluids

viruses