Infectious disease - non antibiotics pharm practice quiz

A nursing student is teaching a patient who is taking metronidazole. Which of the following sense alterations should the nursing student include as an adverse effect of metronidazole? Metallic taste Olfactory changes Visual acuity changes Hearing loss

Metallic taste

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for acyclovir to treat a herpes simplex infection. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor for this client? Serum Creatinine (SCr) Hematocrit (Hct) Protrombin Time (PT) Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

Serum Creatinine (SCr)

Which of the following agents may be used during treatment of active tuberculosis? Select all that apply: Ethambutol Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide Azithromycin Doxycycline Metronidazole Hydroxycholoroquine Ketoconazole

Ethambutol Rifampin Isoniazid Pyrazinamide

We are going to work through the nursing process. This question has to deal with planning (ADPIE). Which of the following persons would NOT be a good candidate for the use of metronidazole to treat a protozoan reaction? A person who overuses alcohol and has no intentions of quitting. A person who overuses nicotine and has no intentions of quitting. A person who overuses opioids and has no intentions of quitting. A person who overuses benzos and has no intentions of quitting.

A person who overuses alcohol and has no intentions of quitting.

You are leading a nursing school discussion on acyclovir medication administration. Which of the following are correct statements? Select All That Apply: Topical acyclovir will prevent the transmission of the virus between partners Patients can discontinue their medication early if their lesions heal Acyclovir can be used to stop the replication of the Herpes Virus (HSV) as well as the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Patients receiving IV acyclovir should receive IV fluids during therapy and for at least 2 hours after the end of the infusion. Acyclovir should be administered as a rapid IV push

Acyclovir can be used to stop the replication of the Herpes Virus (HSV) as well as the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Patients receiving IV acyclovir should receive IV fluids during therapy and for at least 2 hours after the end of the infusion

Regular monitoring and evaluation of the following for patient's taking PrEP is necessary for safe and effective therapy. ( Select all that apply) (Note: This question has answer options A through H) Bone Mineral Density Renal Function Liver Function Hyperventilation Regimen Adherence HIV Status PT/INR Blood Glucose

Bone Mineral Density Renal Function Liver Function Hyperventilation Regimen Adherence HIV Status

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of the "shake and bake" reaction associated with amphotericin B infusions? select all that apply Fever Profuse sweating Chills Rigors Hypokalemia Muscle pain Seizures Headache Nausea Fruity breath

Fever Chills Rigors Muscle pain Headache Nausea

We are going to work through the nursing process. This question has to deal with evaluation (ADPIE). Which of the following is arguably the most important point when evaluating antimicrobial therapy? Finishing the entire treatment Side effects from the treatment Evaluating trough levels Evaluating kidney functioning

Finishing the entire treatment

When preparing the drug Enfuvirtide, what are some important administration components? Select all that apply: Inject Sterile Water into the Vial Shake the vial Vigorously to reconstitute the vial The solution should look Cloudy when it is ready to administer Make sure the drug is room temperature before injecting

Inject Sterile Water into the Vial Make sure the drug is room temperature before injecting

Match the following Antivirals with the virus they target: Oseltamivir Ziduvidine Remdesivir Acyclovir

1. Oseltamivir - influenza virus 2. Ziduvidine - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 3. Remdesivir - SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) 4. Acyclovir - Herpes Virus

A nursing student is caring for a client who has HIV-1 infection and is prescribed zidovudine as part of antiretroviral therapy. The nursing student should monitor the patient for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? Anemia Metabolic alkalosis Cardiac dysrhythmia Renal failure

Anemia

Which information should the nurse include when teaching a patient about isoniazid (INH) therapy? • A.Tubercle bacilli cannot develop resistance to isoniazid during treatment. B.Isoniazid can be used as monotherapy for treatment of TB. C.An adverse effect of isoniazid therapy is peripheral neuropathy, which can be reversed with pyridoxine. D.The dose of isoniazid should be lowered if the patient is also taking phenytoin.

Answer: C Rationale: If peripheral neuropathy develops, it can be reversed by administering pyridoxine (50 to 200 mg daily). Tubercle bacilli can develop resistance to isoniazid during treatment. Plasma levels of phenytoin should be monitored, and the phenytoin dosage should be reduced as appropriate; the dosage of isoniazid should not be changed. Isoniazid can raise levels of other drugs, including phenytoin.

If a patient is taking fluconazole (Diflucan) with an oral anticoagulant, the nurse will monitor for which possible interaction? Reduced action of oral anticoagulants Hypokalemia Decreased effectiveness of the antifungal drug Increased effects of oral anticoagulants

Increased effects of oral anticoagulants

•A patient is beginning treatment for active tuberculosis (TB) in a region with little drug-resistant TB. Which treatment regimen will be used initially? •Rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol •Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol •Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol •Isoniazid and pyrazinamide

Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (RIPE)

Your patient is receiving Amphotericin B for a severe, systemic fungal infection. Which of the following is a manifestation of Amphotericin B toxicity? Potassium of 5.6 mEq/ Aspartate AminoTransferase of 23 units/L Magnesium of 4.5 mg/dL Potassium of 2.8 mEq/L WBC count of 6 ,000 cells/μL Magnesium of 2 mg/d

Potassium of 2.8 mEq/L

A client is prescribed rifampin. What information should the nurse include in the client's medication education? When taking it with warfarin, an increased anticoagulant effect occurs. It decreases hepatic enzymes and decreases metabolism of drugs. It can be taken as monotherapy to treat active tuberculosis. The urine, tears, sweat, and other body fluids will be discolored red-orange.

The urine, tears, sweat, and other body fluids will be a discolored red-orange.

A patient is receiving isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of TB. Which vitamin does the nurse anticipate administering with the isoniazid to prevent INH-precipitated peripheral neuropathies? Vitamin B6 Vitamin D Vitamin B12 Vitamin C

Vitamin B6

Which of the following agents can prevent pregnant person to baby transmission of HIV during delivery? Zidovudine Enfuvirtide Maraviroc Ritonavir

Zidovudine

We are going to work through the nursing process. This question has to deal with implementation (ADPIE). When implementing HAART, which of the following medication combinations is appropriate? darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamides darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/ritonavir tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/cobicistatf tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/zidovudine

darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamides The only correct combination above that has three active ingredients is darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (Symtuza). None of the others have three active ingredients. Remember, cobicistat is a PK booster and is NOT an active ingredient. A good resources is: https://www.poz.com/drug_charts/hiv-drug-chartLinks to an external site.

A client is prescribed isoniazid (INH) for a diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Which adverse effect may result in discontinuation of the medication? weight gain jaundice fever arthralgia

jaundice

A nursing student is assessing a client who has COVID-19 and is taking hydroxychloroquine. The nurse should report which of the following adverse effects to the provider immediately? palpitations diarrhea blurred vision fatigue

palpitations

Which information should the nurse include when teaching a patient about rifampin therapy? • A.Oral contraceptives are safe to use with rifampin therapy. B.Contact your healthcare provider immediately if the color of your body fluids changes to reddish orange. C.Rifampin is safe to use in patients who have hepatic disease. D.Rifampin may be administered intravenously.

•Answer: D •Rationale: Rifampin may be administered intravenously. Women taking oral contraceptives should consider a nonhormonal form of birth control while taking rifampin. Rifampin frequently imparts a red-orange color to urine, sweat, saliva, and tears; patients should be informed of this harmless effect. Permanent staining of soft contact lenses occasionally has occurred, so the patient should consult an ophthalmologist about contact lens use. Rifampin is toxic to the liver, posing a risk of jaundice and even hepatitis. Asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes occurs in about 14% of patients. However, the incidence of overt hepatitis is less than 1%. Hepatotoxicity is most likely in alcohol abusers and patients with pre-existing liver disease. These individuals should be monitored closely for signs of liver dysfunction.

•A patient is about to begin therapy with ethambutol. The nurse knows that, before initiating treatment with this drug, it is important to obtain which test(s) •Color vision and visual acuity •Complete blood cell (CBC) count •Hearing testing and a tympanogram •Hepatic function tests

•Color vision and visual acuity

When teaching patients about treatment of viral infection with Acyclovir (Zovirax), which of the following statements will the nurse include? A.The drug is used mainly to suppress the replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. B.Acyclovir (Zovirax) is only effective for initial viral infections. C.Acyclovir (Zovirax) is available in topical form only. D.Acyclovir (Zovirax) is taken once daily.

•Correct answer: A •Rationale: Acyclovir (Zovirax) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that is used mainly to suppress the replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. Acyclovir is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of both initial and recurrent episodes of these viral infections. Acyclovir is available in oral, topical, and injectable formulations. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is taken five times daily.

A patient with active HIV has been taking zidovudine (Retrovir). Which potential adverse effect may limit the length of time this medication can be taken? A.Lactic acidosis B.Bone marrow suppression C.Hepatomegaly D.Fatigue

•Correct answer: B •Rationale: The major dose-limiting adverse effect of zidovudine (Retrovir) is bone marrow suppression, and this is often the reason a patient with an HIV infection must be switched to another anti-HIV drug.

A patient is receiving amphotericin B lipid complex. The nurse knows that an advantage of the lipid formulations of this drug is that they: • A.have a lower cost. B.can be administered quickly. C.take longer to be absorbed. D.cause fewer adverse effects.

•Correct answer: D •Rationale: Lipid formulations of amphotericin B have been developed in an attempt to decrease the incidence of its adverse effects and increase its efficacy. There are currently three lipid preparations of amphotericin B: (1) amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet), (2) amphotericin B cholesteryl complex (Amphotec), and (3) liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). These lipid dosage forms have a much higher cost than conventional amphotericin B and for this reason are often used only when patients are intolerant of or have an infection refractory to nonlipid amphotericin B.

•A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a patient with tuberculosis who takes rifampin [Rifadin]. What would be an expected finding? •Crystalluria •Red-Orange Tinged Urine •Myopathy •Peripheral neuropathy

•Red-Orange Tinged Urine

•A patient who is taking ketoconazole tells the nurse that her periods have become irregular. What will the nurse tell her? • •This is a sign of hepatic toxicity, and the drug dose should be lowered. •This is caused by a reversible effect on estradiol synthesis. •This is a serious side effect that warrants discontinuation of the drug. •This indicates that she should begin taking oral contraceptives.

•This is caused by a reversible effect on estradiol synthesis. •Ketoconazole inhibits steroid synthesis in humans, and in females it reduces estradiol synthesis, causing menstrual irregularities. It is not an indication that oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are needed. Because it is reversible, there is no indication for withdrawing the drug until treatment is complete. Menstrual irregularities are not a sign associated with hepatotoxicity