Informatics test 1 questions

Which of the following is not an example of a Web 2.0 tool that can be useful when seeking health information?

Online dating sites Rationale: Online dating sites are not applicable to health information and should not be used as sources for health information. Social media platforms, wikis, and blogs are all examples of Web 2.0 tools that can be useful when seeking health information.

When considering informatics, what is a decision support system?

Standardized data that is accessed by many interested consumers Rationale: A decision support system includes standardized data that can be accessed by consumers who have secured the appropriate permissions necessary for use in secondary data purposes. Aggregated data may be a component of the support system's data.

SmokefreeTXT—a program designed by the National Cancer Institute's Tobacco Control Research Branch that delivers tips, motivation, encouragement, and information via text messages—is an example of an mHealth program.

TRUE Rationale: SmokefreeTXT is an example of an mHealth program. There are several programs like this promoted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Telenursing is the practice of nursing over distance using telecommunications technology.

TRUE Rationale: Telenursing is the practice of nursing over distance using telecommunications technology.

The focus of informatics is information management, not computers.

TRUE Rationale: The focus of informatics is information management. Though computers and other technologies are used, the primary goal of nursing informatics is to make health information easier to access, so nurses can provide better patient care.

Which of these is not one of the stages in Lewin's field theory?

Melt Rationale: The three stages of Lewin's field theory are unfreeze, move, and refreeze. Melt is not a stage of the theory.

Which of these is a component of an effective data management infrastructure?

all of the above Data acquisition strategies, Health care standards, Data mining techniques

The goal of the TIGER Initiative is to enable nurses to use informatics and emerging technologies to make health care safer, more effective, efficient, and patient-centered.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. By providing training and resources, the TIGER Initiative helps nurses develop the knowledge and skills for the dynamic field of health information technology to make health care safer, more effective, efficient, and patient-centered.

Electronic clinical decision support is an advantage of using mobile technology in health care.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. Electronic clinical decision support is an advantage of using mobile technology in health care.

An example of information would be vital signs plotted on a graph.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. Information is data that has been interpreted. Vital signs that have been plotted on a graph showing patterns of patient health are an example of information.

Which stages of change are associated with Lewin's field theory? Select all that apply.

Unfreezing, Moving, Refreezing Rationale: Lewin's field theory uses the terms unfreezing, moving, and refreezing to explain the process of change. Roger's theory of diffusion of innovation uses the terms persuasion and confirmation

Errors in patient identification can affect which of the following?

All of the above Patient safety, Costs to patients, providers, and payers, andTesting

All health-related websites can be trusted to provide reliable information.

FALSE Rationale: Not all websites can be trusted. To ensure you are getting reliable information, you have to do some research.

What does the acronym TIGER mean?

Your Response: Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform Rationale: TIGER is an acronym for Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform.

Which aspect of professional nursing is most impacted by the influences of informatics?

Critical thinking: Cognitive Rationale: Although all aspects of nursing can benefit from informatics, it is the ability to reach so much information so effectively that is particularly important to the critical thinking, cognitive aspects of nursing.

What does current research state concerning patient care outcomes related to telehealth services?

Outcomes have been significant and positive. Rationale: A meta-analysis of publications on telehealth published between 2001 and 2007 revealed a positive and significant effect on clinical outcomes.

Which of the following are benefits of HIE?

All of the above: Safer, more effective care for patients, Reduced health-related costs. Improved public health reporting and monitoring Rationale: All of these are benefits of HIE. To better track and securely share patients' complete medical histories, more and more health care providers are participating in HIE. HIE helps facilitate coordinated patient care, reduce duplicate treatments, and avoid costly mistakes. Additionally, it makes public health reporting and monitoring much simpler. This practice is growing among health providers because the need for HIE is clear and the HIE benefits are significant.

What term is used to identify the ability of two or more organizations to use their IT systems to pass and use exchanged information effectively for a common purpose?

Interoperability Rationale: Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems to pass information and to use the exchanged information. In health care, interoperability means that health care information systems can transmit and receive information within and across organizational boundaries to provide the delivery of optimum care to individuals and communities. None of the remaining options are associated with this type of transfer process.

What is the meaning of the term digital divide?

Your Response: The space created between those who can easily access the Internet and those who cannot Rationale: The term digital divide is often interpreted as the gap between those who have access to the Internet and those who do not. None of the other options reflect the current definition of digital divide.

What are the technical standards addressed when considering the implementation of a telehealth system? Select all that apply.

Safety and function standards, Redundant systems, Policies and procedures Rationale: Technical standards relate to requirements for safety and the function of telehealth equipment, the requirements for policies and procedures, and the need for redundant systems to ensure network connectivity. Nursing standards are considered when dealing with telenursing specifically. At this level of planning, HIPAA is not a major consideration.

Which of these is within the professional role of nursing informatics?

Data integration Rationale: Data integration is within the professional role of nursing informatics. Technical computer hardware support is covered by the information technology (IT) team, and patient order compliance and health professional disciplinary action are under the control of other divisions in the organization (e.g., human resources, hospital administration).

The Novice to Expert Theory was proposed by Patricia Benner.

TRUE Rationale: Patricia Benner proposed the Novice to Expert Theory.

Telehealth has the potential to improve a patient's quality of life.

TRUE Rationale: Telehealth can have a variety of positive impacts on the patients involved. The challenge of monitoring and managing one's own health care alone can improve a patient's quality of life. Also impacting a patient's quality of life is the active management of symptoms and personal access to health care that telehealth provides.

A doctor sends a patient's medical history directly to another doctor through a secure, encrypted messaging system. This is an example of what form of health exchange?

Direct exchange Rationale: A doctor sending a patient's medical history directly to another doctor through a secure, encrypted messaging system is an example of directed exchange health information exchange. Directed exchange gives health care providers the ability to electronically send and receive secure information to other health care providers involved in a patient's care. Query-based exchange allows providers to find health information. Consumer-mediated exchange provides a way for consumers to collect and control their health information.

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the digital divide?

All of the above Rationale: Factors that contribute to the digital divide include age, academic background, ethnicity, economics, physical location, and cultural and religious preferences.

The demonstration of which competency is required of nurse managers? Select all that apply.

Use spreadsheets., Recognize the relevance of nursing data., Use telecommunication devices., Evaluate revision of patient care systems. Rationale: The American Organization of Nurse Executives believes that managers at all levels must be competent in the use of spreadsheets and telecommunication devices as well as the evaluations of patient care systems and nursing data. Although evaluation of processes is a competency, creating the processes is not.

The nurse who effectively uses information technologies is most importantly affecting what aspect of professional nursing in the future?

Assuring that patient care is meeting an acknowledged standard of care Rationale: By using informatics effectively, the nurse is determining the quality of care of future patients. It is through appropriate use of advancing technologies, effective information sharing, and expanding nursing knowledge that patient care in the future will demonstrate the standards of nursing care.

Which statement concerning nursing data and its relationship with informatics is true?

Informatics now makes nursing data easily accessible to nursing researchers. Rationale: For much of nursing's history, nursing data has been unvalued in large part due to the time and expense of retrieving it from the paper records of patients. Electronic health records now make nursing information valued as they can be easily integrated into the research process.

Blogs are typically written in a conversational, first-person style.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. Blogs are typically written in a conversational, first-person style. This writing style is a great way to make health care topics more accessible to patients.

Which intervention by the nurse demonstrates a paternalistic approach to providing the patient diagnosed with diabetes with foot care information?

Accessing the computer in order to search for and print out information regarding the appropriate care for the feet of the diabetic patient Rationale: A paternalistic approach is one where the health care provider controls the knowledge, rather than supporting the patient's efforts to take an active role in acquiring the necessary knowledge. All the remaining options provide support to the patient in taking on the responsibility of accessing the necessary information regarding foot care.

What is the first step in forecasting and meeting future data management needs?

Collecting information on what data is currently being managed Rationale: The first step in determining how to meet future data management needs is to collect and review 1 to 5 years of data on the existing management processes. The remaining options cannot be addressed without that foundational information.

As a nurse, you probably won't use informatics knowledge and skills on a daily basis.

FALSE Rationale: This statement is false. As a nurse, you will use these skills every day. Tasks that you do often, such as emailing a physician or updating a patient's electronic health record, are part of the basic computer competencies outlined by the TIGER Initiative.

The term "Web 2.0" is used to describe tools that are only available on tablets and smartphones.

FALSE This statement is false. The term "Web 2.0" is used as a classification of the World Wide Web that combines concepts, trends, and technologies that focus on user collaboration, sharing of user-generated content, and social networking. Examples of Web 2.0 tools include social media platforms, wikis, and blogs.

What has been the focus of telehealth regarding the delivery of psychiatric care?

Service to areas where access has been historically difficult Rationale: Telehealth is used to deliver care for various mental health problems. Its use is more prevalent in rural areas, prisons, and other areas where access to a mental health professional is difficult or impossible. Telehealth has focused on the other options listed, but the main emphasis is to provide various services to the traditionally underserved population.

What are the sciences that make up nursing informatics? Select all that apply.

Information science, Computer science, Nursing science

Which of these is an example of mobile technology in health care?

Patient portals Downloadable drug references Class podcasts Rationale: All of the answers are examples of mobile technology in health care

What is the major advantage of a handheld computer when considering the care of patients?

Time management Rationale: Time saving and time management are often mentioned in the literature as positive outcomes of the handheld computer. The other options reflect positive outcomes but have a lesser impact than the time saving and management advantages a PDA provides.

Which of the following is an example of informatics applied in nursing?

Electronic health record (EHR) Rationale: Electronic medical records are an example of how informatics can be applied in nursing.

Hospitals should consider scheduling additional staff during the early phases of EHR implementation to ensure adequate time for all staff to learn to use the system.

TRUE Rationale: Hospitals should consider scheduling additional staff during the early phases of EHR implementation to ensure adequate time for all staff to learn to use the system.

Which of the following emerging technologies provides health care professionals with access to critical patient information from multiple providers 24 hours a day, 7 days a week?

Electronic health record (EHR) Rationale: An electronic health record (EHR) allows for better coordinated care for patients from health care providers with access to the information.

Which of the following is not a skill set nurses need to respond to emerging technologies today?

Having expertise in hospital organization, bureaucracy, and management Rationale: While having expertise in hospital organization, bureaucracy, and management will help a nurse in the area of hospital administration, it will not prove useful for nurses responding to emerging technologies today.

Posting user surveys to look for issues is an example of which of the following?

Strategy for success Rationale: One strategy for successful implementation of telehealth is to post user surveys to look for issues. Other strategies include involving clinicians, publishing user guides, implementing a help line, and sharing data about success with those at both the tracking and reporting phases.

Health information exchange (HIE) is the mobilization of health care information electronically across organizations within a region, community, or hospital system.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. Health information exchange (HIE) is the mobilization of health care information electronically across organizations within a region, community, or hospital system. Electronic health information exchange allows doctors, nurses, pharmacists, other health care providers, and patients to appropriately access and securely share vital medical information electronically.

According to the United States Census Bureau's 2012 Current Population Survey, what percentage of U.S. households are without Internet access?

0.25 Rationale: According to the United States Census Bureau's 2012 Current Population Survey, 25% of U.S. households are still without Internet access.

Which of the following choices is an example of an advantage telehealth provides for nurses?

Distance learning Rationale: Using telehealth, nurses can take continuing education courses without having to go to a classroom. Telehealth does not guarantee shorter work days or fewer patient interactions (patients can be interviewed via computer), nor does it necessarily allow for patient self-scheduling.

What are the recognized benefits of telehealth on patient care? Select all that apply.

Enhanced patient care, Access to specialists, Increased productivity, Reduced travel time Rationale: Telehealth in its many forms can provide many benefits, such as enhanced patient care, reduced travel time, increased productivity, access to specialists, and enlarged educational opportunities. Reduction in health care costs is not established as a benefit.

What action did the American Nursing Association (ANA) take in 1995 to recognize the importance of nursing informatics?

Established the informatics certification examination Rationale: Although the ANA recognized nursing informatics as a subspecialty in 1992, the first informatics certification examination was given in the fall of 1995. There is still no universally agreed upon definition of the term nursing informatics. The management of information is considered a nursing responsibility; informatics is considered a means of facilitating that duty.

Tele-assessment is a form of remote patient monitoring via telehealth.

FALSE Rationale: Tele-assessment is not a form of remote patient monitoring via telehealth. Tele-assessment is the assessment of health status by a health care professional, and is generally interactive.

LOINC is an example of a mobile technology.

FALSE Rationale: This statement is false. LOINC is not an example of a mobile technology. LOINC is an abbreviation for Logical Observations Identifiers Names and Codes.

Which information management process is an example of a spreadsheet a nurse might be familiar with? Select all that apply.

Staff scheduling, Budget analysis, Attendance records, Adverse drug reactions Rationale: In clinical settings, spreadsheets are used to monitor and analyze care processes and resource management, such as staffing and attendance records. Continuing education modules are not presented or managed via spreadsheets.

The term "digital divide" is used to describe the gap between those who have ready access to information and communication technology and those who do not have access.

TRUE Rationale: The term "digital divide" is used to describe the gap between those who have ready access to information and communication technology (like the Internet) and the skill to make use of those technologies, and those who do not have the access or skills to those same technologies within a geographic area, society, or community.

One of the challenges of integrating genetics and genomics into health care is that many nurses know little about the field and lack the competence needed to effectively counsel and teach patients in this regard.

TRUE Rationale: This statement is true. Although integrating genetics and genomics into health care is growing in importance, the challenge is educating nurses and instilling competencies needed to effectively counsel and teach patients about genetics and genomics.

Which form of online communication would best substitute for a traditional nursing seminar?

Webinar Rationale: A webinar is more like a live seminar. Users are directed to log in to a website address. Although there is a speaker, the audience can ask questions, and the speaker can ask for feedback as the information is delivered. None of the remaining options can provide all the mentioned functions

Who defined telemedicine as "the electronic exchange of patient information between two sites for improving the patient's health status," and defined telehealth as "a broader term extending beyond the delivery of clinical services"?

American Telemedicine Association (ATA) Rationale: According to the American Telemedicine Association (ATA), telemedicine refers to the electronic exchange of patient information between two sites for improving the patient's health status. The ATA defines telehealth as a broader term extending beyond the delivery of clinical services.

What is the fundamental benefit of telehomecare for the patient? Select all that apply.

Care is provided in the patient's home, Quality of life is improved, Avoidance of time-consuming office appointments, Decreased costly office visits Rationale: The greatest use of telehomecare is that it allows the patient to remain in the comforts of home, improves quality of life, and avoids time-consuming costly visits to office appointments or hospital admissions. The impact on patient computer literacy is not considered as a fundamental benefit.Remediation

Which of the following theories or disciplines is related to nursing informatics?

Computer science Rationale: Computer science is related to nursing informatics.

What has been identified as the greatest barrier to the implementation of telehealth technology?

Cost of implementation and upkeep Rationale: Although the other concerns may exist, reimbursement remains a large barrier to the widespread adoption of telehealth.

What nursing services are available through telehealth? Select all that apply.

Electronic referrals with nurse practitioners, Home telenursing, Connects to call centers, Minor injury consulting Rationale: Telehealth can be used to provide home telenursing, electronic referrals to specialists and hospitals, teleconsulting between specialists and general practitioners or nurse practitioners, minor injury consulting, and consulting through call centers. Transportation requests are not directly handled but may be addressed through home telenursing services.

Which of these is not a responsibility of a nurse informaticist?

Identify budget deficits Rationale: Identifying budget deficits is not the responsibility of a nurse informaticist. Nurse informaticists often must foster positive relationships between providers and patients, streamline the use of technology, and encourage access to resources and references.

What is the greatest concern about information presented on the World Wide Web?

Its validity is not guaranteed. Rationale: The freedom of publication on the Internet allows an airing of ideas, many of which are not in the mainstream. The authenticity that we count on in the print world is not yet available on the web. Being attentive to when the information was placed on the web will help in determining how current it is. The information available on the web represents a variety of belief systems. Although it is true that some sites are commercial in nature, that can be determined by its web address suffix.

Which issues are of concern to a health care agency when determining the feasibility of implementing telehealth for patients? Select all that apply.

Medico-legal issues, Research, Reimbursement, Technical issues Rationale: Many issues surround this mode of health care delivery and must be considered. Four main issues relate to (1) reimbursement, (2) medico-legal issues, (3) technical issues, and (4) research. Staffing is an issue that is considered after implementation has been discussed.

What is the greatest positive impact that communication among health care providers has on patient care?

Staying informed of standards of care and practices Rationale: Modern networking technology allows us to communicate with colleagues worldwide and to stay abreast of standards of care and practice. Although the other options represent positive impact, none are as patient-focused as staying informed of standards and practices.

One nursing leadership challenge in integrating new technology is assuring that the technology use is ethical.

TRUE Rationale: Evaluating the ethics and implications of a new technology system are important steps in determining whether or not the system should be integrated.

The HIPAA Breach Notification Rule document contains regulatory requirements for telehealth.

TRUE Rationale: The HIPAA Breach Notification Rule document contains regulatory requirements for telehealth.

Which of these is not a competency needed for telenursing?

Determine your malpractice insurance carrier's position on telehealth. Rationale: Determining your malpractice insurance carrier's position on telehealth is important to consider when implementing a telehealth program, but it is not a core competency needed for telenursing. It falls under the licensure requirements for telenursing.

Data management can be defined as the functional ability to collect, analyze, and apply information.

FALSE Rationale: Data management can actually be defined as the functional ability to collect, aggregate, organize, move, and represent information in a useful way.

The three concepts involved in Lewin's Force Field Analysis Theory are behavioral disruptions, behavioral compliance, and balance

FALSE Rationale: The three forces involved in Lewin's Force Field Analysis Theory are driving forces, restraining forces, and equilibrium.

When you are conducting research online, it is important to know who funds the website you are viewing.

TRUE Rationale: It is important to determine who funds the website and most importantly, why. Is the site a commercial site selling services or products? If so, the information could be biased.

One of the challenges to developing an effective data management infrastructure is supporting knowledge maintenance over time.

TRUE Rationale: One of the challenges to developing an effective data management infrastructure is supporting knowledge maintenance over time.

An example of telehealth advancing the health care field is the development of the subfield of teledermatology.

TRUE Rationale: The American Academy of Dermatology recently amended its position statement on telemedicine, acknowledging that it is a means of improving access to the expertise of board-certified dermatologists.

Research among nurses currently working as telenurses suggests what change should be made to nursing education curriculum?

Telehealth should be in included in basic nursing studies. Rationale: The majority of the nurses indicated that they learned telenursing skills on the job. The majority (89.2%) of those surveyed indicated that telehealth should be included in basic nursing curriculum, an interesting finding given that majority of the nurses had no prior experience with telehealth before their telenursing positions.

Where can telehealth be used to connect with patients?

All of the above: Colleges and universities, Their homes, Remote parts of the world Rationale: Telehealth allows health care providers to connect with their patients in a variety of settings, including in colleges and universities, remote parts of the world, and their own homes.

What is the greatest benefit of telehomecare for the chronically ill patient?

Allows for ongoing monitoring Rationale: The ongoing monitoring provided by telehomecare allows potential problems to be identified before they become significant problems. Although telehomecare does provide opportunities for the other options, the greatest benefit is derived from the monitoring of the existing conditions.

How is a wiki most useful to nursing?

Collaborative work on a research project Rationale: Wikis are websites designed for sharing work on documents and collaborating on that work. They are used for research endeavors, committee work, clubs, classrooms, and knowledge management. Wiki sites can be private or public; for example, a wiki designed for committee work or nursing research would be private. The remaining options identify functions that are not provided by wiki technology.

Reimbursement of services across state lines is handled no differently than reimbursement of services within the state.

FALSE Rationale: Reimbursement of services across state lines can vary widely and be handled very differently than reimbursement of services within the state.

Telehealth usually requires very few resources to implement, but requires great financial support to maintain.

FALSE Rationale: Telehealth can be costly to implement, but the reduction of travel expenses and staffing costs, along with the rapid financial return, quickly make up for any drain on financial resources.

Telemental health is the delivery of a recorded therapy session to a patient.

FALSE Rationale: Telemental health is the use of telehealth to deliver psychiatric health care or other therapeutic intervention at a distance. Examples include physical/occupational and psychological/psychiatric therapy.

How is it that nursing is so well suited to having its professionals attain computer fluency?

Nurses are accustomed to the role of lifetime learners. Rationale: The term computer fluency implies that the individual has a lifelong commitment to acquiring new skills in order to practice effectively; nursing expects lifelong learning from its practitioners. The remaining options reflect nursing characteristics, but not ones that are associated with computer fluency.

What is the primary source of educational preparation for the telenurse?

On-the-job training Rationale: The majority of the nurses indicated that they learned telenursing skills on the job. The other options are not reliable methods of acquiring telenursing skills.

Research supports what benefits of using remote monitoring for chronically ill patients? Select all that apply.

Reduced costs, Reduced hospital readmission rates, Reduced emergency room visits Rationale: Research studies support the use of remote monitoring to reduce emergency department visits, reduce hospital readmission rates, improve care, and reduce costs. Patient satisfaction and health literacy were not included in these studies.

Telehealth is the delivery of health-related services through telecommunication devices.

TRUE Rationale: "Tele" is derived from the ancient Greek language and means "distance." The use of telehealth allows health providers that are separated from patients to communicate with them and provide health care using information technology.

Addressing and ensuring confidentiality, data security, and patient privacy are within the scope of nursing informatics.

TRUE Rationale: Addressing and ensuring confidentiality, data security, and patient privacy are within the scope of nursing informatics.

"How will telehealth affect the financial bottom line?" is a question related to which organizational factor?

Infrastructure Rationale: Infrastructure describes the organizational structure and facilities needed for the operation of a telehealth program. Leadership should consider how telehealth would affect the financial bottom line as part of the infrastructure factor.

What patient benefit has telehealth provided for rural hospitals that has allowed those hospitals to enhance their ability to provide trauma care? Select all that apply.

A decrease in the cost of care, A decrease in transfer time to trauma centers, A decrease in the length of stay at the initial hospital Rationale: The trauma patients who experienced teletrauma care had a decrease in the length of stay at the local community hospital and a decrease in transfer time to trauma centers. The hospital costs for the trauma patients were decreased as well. There was no significant information provided on the remaining options.

Which of these was the top telehealth target of 2013?

Congestive heart failure Rationale: Congestive heart failure (53%) was the top telehealth target of 2013, followed by diabetes (50%), hypertension (38%), COPD (38%), and mental health (31%).

The digital divide has no effect on consumers' ability to receive quality health care information.

FALSE Rationale: Those affected by the digital divide have limited or no access to online health information and resources.

Under the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2015), the nursing informaticist has a duty to the physician first and foremost.

FALSE Rationale: Under the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2015), the nursing informaticist has a duty to the patient first and foremost.

What type of interoperability makes it possible for information being exchanged to be acted on by the receiving system without the help of a person?

Semantic Rationale: In semantic interoperability, not only is the information transmitted so that it is understandable, but, at its highest level, the messages exchanged by two computers can be automatically interpreted and acted on by the computers without human intervention. Technical interoperability, sometimes referred to as functional, brings about the transfer of information data that is in a useful form. Process interoperability is referred to as workflow management and is related to integrating computer systems into work settings.

Which topics should you consider when determining whether a website can be trusted? Select all that apply.

Source, Privacy, Date of publication Rationale: Source, funding, and date of publication are three topics you should consider when reviewing a website to determine whether it can be trusted. It isn't necessarily important to know how much traffic the website gets. A website can attract substantial traffic by posting fictitious articles

In order for two organizations to experience interoperability for information exchange, what must both organizations have?

Standards that are like-minded Rationale: Interoperability is not possible without standards that are compatible and share the same focus and goals. A standard is an agreement to use a given protocol, term, or other criterion that has been formally approved by a nationally or internationally recognized professional trade association or governmental body. None of the remaining options are associated with such an agreement.

Who defined telenursing as "telecommunications technology in nursing to enhance patient care"?

International Council of Nurses (ICN) Rationale: The International Council of Nurses defines telenursing as telecommunications technology in nursing to enhance patient care.

Lewin's field theory focuses on what aspect of change related to adopting new innovations?

Forming a positive attitude about change Rationale: Lewin's field theory provides a guide to helping individuals achieve a positive decision in relation to an innovation. The remaining options are steps taken in bringing about change.

Research on the effect of telehealth services on health outcomes has demonstrated the most significant positive impact on what health issues?

Heart and psychiatric conditions Rationale: A meta-analysis of publications on telehealth published between 2001 and 2007 revealed a positive and significant effect on clinical outcomes. The outcomes for heart disease and psychiatric conditions were most significant.

What is the foundational focus of nursing informatics?

The management of patient-focused information Rationale: The use of information technology/informatics is information management. Computers facilitate that focus while keeping in mind the importance of effective exchange between health care providers and maintaining patient confidentiality.

Despite differences in hardware and operating systems, which is a primary design feature common to all mobile computers?

interoperability Rationale: Although hardware and operating systems differ across PCs and mobile computers, the design of mobile computing software is for interoperability so that these devices can work together.

The TIGER Nursing Informatics Competencies Model includes tasks in which of the following areas? Select all that apply.

Information management, Basic computer competencies, Information literacy Rationale: The TIGER Initiative defined a set of informatics competencies that all nurses need to succeed and condensed these competencies into three areas: basic computer competencies, information literacy, and information management.

Which one of these questions is not something an organizational leader should consider when implementing telehealth?

Is the staff prepared to lose patients due to changes in procedure? Rationale: The organizational factors that should be considered when implementing telehealth include questions on infrastructure, equipment, facilities, set-up, and the team. These factors include determining the right equipment for the purpose, executive leadership action, and technical support needs. However, implementing a telehealth program should not result in a loss of patients due to changes in procedure.

Which familiar nursing equipment is computer-driven? Select all that apply.

Medication scanning system, Intravenous administration pumps, Digital thermometer, Barcode patient identification bracelets Rationale: The nurse is using computer-based technology when using barcodes to identify patients and medications as well as intravenous administration pumps and digital thermometers. The bedside telephone is not a computer-managed technology.

What is the primary benefit of an electronic prescription medication records system for those affected by natural disasters like Hurricane Katrina?

Patients are assured uninterrupted access to their prescription medications. Rationale: The primary benefit is that health care providers can assist victims in accessing their electronic prescription medication records, thus facilitating the distribution of medications to the patients regardless of where they are relocated.

Improvement of which aspect of health is the ultimate goal for the implementation of emerging technologies?

Safer Rationale: Although all the options are health care delivery goals, the use of current technologies associated with informatics is focused on making health care safer and more effective.

Which of these is not a characteristic of mobile technology:

Stationary Rationale: Stationary is not a characteristic of mobile technology. By definition, mobile technology is mobile—meaning it's on the go, and not stationary.

Which association sets standards for and offers certification in telehealth nursing?

American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing Rationale: The American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing (AAACN) developed telehealth nursing practice administration and practice standards that include staffing, competency, ethics, patient rights, and the use of the nursing process in telehealth. The AAACN also offers certification for telehealth nursing. The American Telemedicine Association (ATA) has adopted three types of core standards for telemedicine operations, but they do not offer individual certification.

How can cognitive theory help the informatics nurse in designing decision-making tools?

Improves understanding of how nurses process information when making decisions Rationale: The cognitive theory can aid the nurse in understanding the information required in the decision-making process. The remaining options are not associated with the cognitive theory.

How is the TIGER initiative assuring that the profession of nursing is best prepared to participate in the era of digital health care delivery?

Your Response: Ensuring that all nurses are educated in using informatics Rationale: TIGER is working to ensure nursing's ability to engage effectively in the current healthcare environment by ensuring that all nurses are educated in the use of informatics, empowering them to deliver safer, high quality, evidence-based care.

What action is most important for a patient to take when considering whether to base health decisions on information found on the web?

Discuss the information with the health care provider. Rationale: Although most web-savvy clients will search the web for information about any condition they suspect they have (or that has been diagnosed), less than half the people who find health information on the web will discuss the information with their health care provider. More troubling can be the clients who have accessed information about their condition, do not discuss it with their health care provider, but use it in decisions regarding their treatment. It is true that .gov and .org sites are viewed as being most trustworthy; commercial (.com) sites can also be sources of accurate information. Although health information is ever-changing, there are situations when information established more than 3 years prior is still relevant and correct. While confirming information is a good practice, it is possible to find similar misinformation repeated in several different addresses.

What is the most likely cause of an older adult's inability to access health care information on the Internet?

Lacks technical computer skills Rationale: The older adult is most likely experiencing a lack of knowledge of computer skills that causes problems using computer resources to access the health care information. While the other options may exist, they are not as likely to be the primary cause of the patient's inability to use the computer for health information searches.

Whose responsibility is it to identify potential gaps in patient confidentiality?

The health care professional's Rationale: It is the responsibility of the health care provider to identify gaps in patient confidentiality, thus keeping the patient's health information secure. A competency required for effective patient care related to telenursing requires that the health care professional engaged in telehealth identify any potential gaps in patient confidentiality and take precautions to protect personal information.

Which of the following are considered social media platforms? Select all that apply.

Twitter, Facebook, YouTube Rationale: Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube are all examples of social media platforms, and each one can be applicable to heath care research. Gmail is only a web-based email service and is not a source of information.

The use of devices and sensors to collect and automatically transmit health information (e.g., vital signs) without voice interaction between the patient and health provider is known as what?

Unobtrusive telemonitoring Rationale: The use of devices and sensors to collect and automatically transmit health information (e.g., vital signs) without voice interaction between the patient and health provider is known as unobtrusive telemonitoring. Unobtrusive means "not conspicuous or attention attracting."

Which is an example of a sensational writing style?

Your Response: Drop 30 pounds in five days with this new miracle pill!!!!! Rationale: "Drop 30 pounds in five days with this new miracle pill!!!!!" is an example of sensational writing style. The excessive use of exclamation points is a giveaway that this statement might not be credible. The other examples are either simple statements that are not sensationalized or make no unrealistic claims that sound too good to be true.

Healthcare.gov is an example of what type of Internet site?

Your Response: Health portal Rationale: A portal is by definition any website that offers a wide array of resources and services that are targeted at a specific population. Health portals are common, and many are government-sponsored. Search engines identify items in a database used to locate particle sites on the World Wide Web. Directories may be used by a search engine to organize information. An icon is a symbol or graphic used to represent something.

Which services are made possible through telehealth? Select all that apply.

Text messaging, Teleconferencing, Electronic consultation (E-Consult), Telemonitoring Rationale: Text messaging, telemonitoring, teleconferencing, and electronic consultation are all services that are made possible through telehealth, which focuses on technology solutions.